Compressibility characteristics of saline soils treated with cement
December 2011
This study investigates the possibility of using high sulphate resisting cement as an additive to control the compressibility behavior of two saline soils sourced brought from Baghdad and Basra governorates in Iraq. The two soils are similar in their constituents, and classified as CL according to Atterberg limit. Standard consolidation samples were prepared from untreated soils, and were treated with 3, 5,...
Investigation into the usage of Sanliurfa limestones in Turkey as underground storage cavern with regard to some engineering properties
December 2011
Sanliurfa limestone of Turkey is used as an underground deep freeze food storagecavern, because of its high isolation...
The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite data for geological mapping, southeastern segment of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt, Iran
December 2011
This investigation used Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) ALI (advanced land imager) and hyperion data to extract the geological and mineralogical information for identifying hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper deposits in southeastern segment of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt, SE Iran. A band ratio derived from image spectra (4/2, 8/9, 3 in RGB) has been developed to identify...
Determination of groundwater potential in Asaba, Nigeria using surface geoelectric sounding
December 2011
Providing potable water has been a major concern to the people of Asaba the capital city of Delta State, Nigeria. This study which is aimed at identifying formations that present fresh and healthy aquifer water for the people employed the use of the geoelectric sounding to probe the subsurface. Data collected were interpreted in terms of the true resistivity and thickness of subsurface layers and result...
Application of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data in geological mapping
December 2011
The spectral and spatial properties of the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data can be used in detailed lithological and hydrothermal alteration mapping related to copper and gold mineralization, particularly the shortwave infrared radiation subsystem where hydrothermal alteration minerals have diagnostic spectral absorption features. This paper reviews the technical...
Distortion modeling of feedback single stage amplifier
December 2011
In this paper, the distortion of feedback single stage amplifier is modeled. The phasor method was exploited to obtain the distortion factor expressions of the feedback amplifier. All the nonlinearities, including intermodulation nonlinearity, are considered in the paper. The derivation is simple and easy to understand. These equations provide deep insights into the distortion modeling of the feedback...
Anti-synchronization of chaotic system using adaptive modified function projective method with unknown parameters
December 2011
In this paper, a new type of anti-synchronization called adaptive modified function projective anti- synchronization was presented. In this study, state variables of drive system would be anti-synchronized with state variables of response system up to desired scale function matrix. The adaptive control law and the parameter updates were determined to make the states of two Lorenz systems modified function...
Interaction of DNA and polyethylenimine: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies
December 2011
Polyplexes, which are formed spontaneously between cationic polymer and negatively charged nucleic acids, are commonly used for gene and oligonucleotide delivery in vitroand in vivo. Many kinds of cationic polymers have been used to condense DNA by electrostatic interaction into small particles (Polyplexes), for protecting the DNA from degradation and enhancing its uptake via...
Measuring radioactivity level in various types of rice using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector
December 2011
The radioisotopes and nuclear explosions in upper layers of the atmosphere have vigorously polluted the earth. These radionuclides can be transferred to humans through the food chain. Rice is important and a major source of carbohydrates for humans. Soil contains the natural radionuclide such as Uranium, Thorium and Potassium. A study was conducted to determine the radionuclide content and their level of...
Leakage power reduction techniques of 45 nm static random access memory (SRAM) cells
December 2011
As the technology scales down to 90 nm and below, static random access memory (SRAM) standby leakage power is becoming one of the most critical concerns for low power applications. In this article, we review three major leakage current components of SRAM cells and also discuss some of the leakage current reduction techniques including body biasing, source biasing, dynamic VDD, negative word line, and bit...
Simulation of a transmission system to compensate dispersion in an optical fiber by chirp gratings
December 2011
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is one of the applicable and important components in optical communication system, and it first emerged in 1980. In this article, the application of chirped FBG was studied as a dispersion compensator in optical communication systems. By simulating a model of communication system and finding the best amounts of parameters, we investigated the effect of this component in data...
Space-time block-coded systems using numeric variable forgetting factor least squares channel estimator
December 2011
In this correspondence, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance evaluation of the space-time block-coded (STBC) communication systems using the numeric-variable-forgetting-factor (NVFF) least-squares (LS) channel estimator is presented. The polynomial channel paradigm is incorporated in LS algorithm in conjunction with NVFF to improve the channel tracking performance under the nonstationary wireless environment....
A new operational matrix for Legendre wavelets and its applications for solving fractional order boundary values problems
December 2011
In this article, we generalize the Legendre wavelets operational matrix of derivatives to fractional order derivatives in the Caputo sense. Legendre wavelets and their properties are employed for deriving Legendre wavelets operational matrix of fractional derivatives and a general procedure for forming this matrix is introduced. Then truncated Legendre wavelets expansions together with these matrices are used...
Daily water level forecasting using adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system with different scenarios: Klang Gate, Malaysia
December 2011
Forecasting the level of reservoir has been a significant subject in the management of reservoirs and water resource. For many years, estimation of reservoir water level was primary based on operator’s experience, curves and mathematical models. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are developed in several hydrological aspects, such as classification and forecasting parameters. The major...
Analysis of hydrological processes of Langat River sub basins at Lui and Dengkil
December 2011
Land use changes have seriously impacted the hydrological regimes. This study considered both the upstream and downstream areas of Langat River namely the Lui and Dengkil sub basins, respectively. The important parameters selected for the study were river flowrate, precipitation distribution, and the baseflow (BF) estimation. For the Lui sub basin, the daily flowrate data obtained...
Soil organic matter and related soil properties in forest, grassland and cultivated land use types
December 2011
The pattern of soil organic carbon storage is influenced by land use and landscape topo-sequence. The variations in soil carbon and land use also impact soil properties, such as bulk density, pH and soil water. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of selected land uses (forest, grassland and cropland) located in Universiti Malaysia Sabah Campus and soil depth on the soil organic matter, soil...
Mineralogical and geochemical aspects of geophagic clayey soils from the Democratic Republic of Congo
November 2011
Clayey soil samples ingested by the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were obtained in their physical state of ingestion, from selected localities in the country. The particle size, minerals contents and geochemical composition of the samples were determined in order to establish baseline information on mineralogy and geochemistry of geophagic soils in DRC. The geophagic clayey soils were...
Performance assessment of Hargreaves model in estimating solar radiation in Abuja using minimum climatological data
November 2011
Lack of incident solar radiation is a significant impediment for most related research applications. Mathematical models have been handy in reducing challenges being posed by inability of having solar radiation instrumental sites at every point on the Earth. Hargreaves-Samani’s model is one of the several empirical methods so far formulated in estimating global solar radiation (GSR) from maximum and...
Clustering the Iran climate based on climatic elements affecting potential evapotranspiration
November 2011
The main purpose of this study is to cluster the Iran climate based on the components of the climate affecting evapotranspiration. For this study, eight components of the climate, the mean temperature difference, the average minimum and maximum relative humidity, number of sunshine hours, monthly amounts of precipitation, days with precipitation higher than 5 and 10 mm, effective precipitation, frequency...
Use of nanotechnology for the production of biofuels from butchery waste
November 2011
Biodiesel can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels and successful studies have been carried out in different applications. The advantages with biodiesel are lower bulk, higher energy density, as well as more transportable and storable capability. We used butchery waste for the production of hydrocarbon gases and biodiesel. For this purpose we used nano catalyst and anatase form of titanium dioxide...
Extending promotion to operate controller based on train’s operation
November 2011
Previous work described by the authors was the use of promotion to link the global state (controller) with the local state (train system). In which the operation of a train makes changes in controller, based on the approach of promotion. However, the model did not apply to any of the critical interlocking components. This paper extends to provide safety along the critical components, that is, when train moves...
Hybrid evolutionary computational approach: Application to van der pol oscillator
November 2011
We presented a method for van der Pol oscillators using artificial neural network optimized by evolutionary computational approach. A trail solution of the oscillator is written as a feed-forward neural network containing adjustable adaptive parameters. The optimization of the networks is performed by genetic algorithms in an unsupervised way. The proposed scheme is tested successfully by applying on both the...
MR imaging enhancement and segmentation of tumor using fuzzy curvelet
November 2011
Medical image segmentation is a very important issue in medical imaging. An automatic brain MR image segmentation method has been proposed for tumor detection in this paper. Discretize local window and wrapping based Curvelet transform has been used to remove rician noise. A modified fuzzy C-mean algorithm is used for segmentation of brain MR image. Proposed system has been tested on different datasets of MR...
Temporal modeling and its application for anomaly detection in smart homes
November 2011
Classification and modeling of activity duration provide significant characteristics to estimate the psychological behaviour of a smart home resident. This article validates the fact, which was only an assumption previously, that smart home event duration can be modeled in Gaussian distribution. It proposes a temporal prediction algorithm based on Gaussian distribution to predict the duration of an event...
Hybrid particle swarm optimization for robust digital image watermarking
November 2011
This paper presents an image watermarking algorithm for the optimization between robustness and transparency which is recently considered as one of the most challenging issues. The novelty is to associate the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), instead of a single optimization, as a model with singular value decomposition (SVD). To embed and extract the watermark, the...
The study of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction in mobile phones using materials and metamaterials
November 2011
In this paper, reducing of specific absorption rate (SAR) with materials and metamaterials attachment is investigated. The finite-difference time-domain method with lossy-Drude model is adopted in this study. The methodology of SAR reduction is addressed and the belongings of attaching position, distance, and size of ferrite sheet material properties, perfect electric conductor (PEC), and metamaterials on the...
Image thresholding based on evolutionary algorithms
November 2011
The objective of this paper is to propose an adaptive-evolutionary method for thresholding which is used as an artificial intelligent algorithm for image segmentation especially for object segmentation. This method employs resistant versus mixed histograms because of its suitable fitness function selection that consists of the histogram details. As things develop in the paper, three evolutionary...
Application of central composite design for preparation of Kenaf fiber based activated carbon for adsorption of manganese (II) ion
November 2011
The objective of this research is to define optimum operating conditions for preparation of activated carbon from kenaf fiber which would conciliate for highest removal efficiency of manganese (II) ions along with maximum possible yield. Kenaf fiber (KF) is used to prepare activated carbon by using two step; physiochemical activation method which consisted of potassium hydroxide treatment (KOH) with carbon...
Hemilability of ether-phosphine in ruthenium(II) complexes: 31P{1H}-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAF) to confirm the open-closed behavior
November 2011
The hemilability of the ether-phosphine ligand [Ph2PCH2CH2OMe] was recorded during complexes 1 and 2 synthesis. The structures of both 1 and 2 have been deduced from elemental analysis, IR, EXAF, FAB-mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. One of the chloride atoms in 1 was abstracted using AgOTf reagent to prepare the mono-cationic O-Ru-P closed 2. By treatment complex 2...
Adsorption of reactive blue 4 onto the chemically modified red seaweed Amphiroa foliacea: Equilibrium, kinetics and modeling studies
November 2011
Indigenous red algae commonly found in Malaysian waters, Amphiroa foliacea was used as biosorbent for the removal of a reactive textile dye, Reactive blue 4 (RB4) from synthetic aqueous solution. Investigation on the effects of initial dye concentration on batch sorption of RB4 by A. foliacea was conducted, followed by the isothermic sorption and kinetic modeling of dye removal....
Cyclic voltammetry studies of cadmium zinc sulfide aqueous solution
November 2011
Cyclic voltammetry studies in aqueous solution were found to offer some noteworthy information in the electrodeposition synthesis of cadmium zinc sulfide thin film. The studies were performed at low pH, room temperature and fixed solution concentration. Suitable deposition potential ranges were obtained from this analysis. Cadmium zinc sulfide thin films were deposited at different potentials to determine...
Equilibrium and related thermodynamic studies of a hydrogen bonded multicomponent complex in mixed solvents
November 2011
An interesting multicomponent complex has been prepared by incorporating a non – ionic homopolymer (e.g., Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) PVP) on a typical copolymer (e .g., Methacrylic Acid/Acryl Amide MA/AAm). Stability constants and related thermodynamic parameters (e.g., Free energy change ∆Fo, Enthalpy change ∆Ho and Entropy change ∆So) have been determined. Interpretations have been...
A study of electricity market volatility using long memory heteroscedastic model
November 2011
An accurate wholesale electricity market forecast has become an essential tool in bidding and hedging strategies in competitive electricity markets. This paper provides a dynamic asymmetric long memory heteroscedastic model to account the high volatile daily wholesale electricity markets in New England and Louisiana. This model implemented power Cox-Box transformation (Tse, 1998) under the Chung’s...
In situ measurement of soil dielectric permittivity of various soil types across the climatic zones of Nigeria
November 2011
The increasing use of microwaves and millimeter waves in various fields of human endeavor such as communications, radar, medicine, biology, agriculture, industrial processes and civil engineering demands accurate data on the dielectric properties of materials. For instance, field density and soil water content are used as a quality control or quality assurance criterion in flexible pavement systems,...
The effect of discontinuities on stability of rock blocks in tunnel
November 2011
This paper presents the results of an investigation that was carried out using important parameters such as discontinuities in forming rock block and instability in tunnel. The discontinuities like bedding and joints are one of the most important factors compared with parameters such as engineering features of rock mass. In this review, numerous features like Rock Quality Designation (RQD), rock...
Crash of automotive side member subjected to oblique loading
November 2011
This paper presents the crash behavior analysis of automotive side member represented by aluminum square column subjected to oblique loading via finite element method. In crash research, energy absorption capacity is greatly affected by the deformation pattern, thus the collapse behavior and deformation pattern of this column is studied and observed. Effect of the geometrical parameters and loading angle,...
Effect of skew angle on nonlinear static behavior of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) laminates with circular cutout
November 2011
One of the factors influencing the stiffness and stresses of the plate is skew angle of the plate. The present work focused on evaluation of the effect of skew angle on geometric nonlinear behavior of a four layered symmetric cross-ply (0°/90°/90°/0°) skew laminated fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite plate with a circular cutout at the geometric centre of the plate. The problem was...
Investigation of glass-built multigap-RPC simulation response to gamma-rays up to an energy range of 1.0 GeV using GEANT4 Monte Carlo code
November 2011
A new configuration of a multigap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) was implemented and tested with GEANT4 MC simulation. The glass-built 10-gap MRPC setup with each gap of 250 μm consists of several interleaved glass electrodes inside the chamber, which has an active area 3 × 3 cm2. We report the simulation response of glass-built 10-gap MRPC for gamma rays up to an energy range of 0.007 MeV to 1.0...
Determination of geothermal gradient and heat flow distribution in Delta State, Nigeria
November 2011
Geothermal and heat flow distribution study was carried out at eighteen locations in Delta State, Nigeria using field data obtained from temperature logging and thermal conductivity measurements. The study shows that the geothermal gradients for the area ranges from a minimum of 25.47°C/km to a maximum of 31.16°C/km and a mean geothermal gradient of 28.64°C/km. This result indicates that the...
Simple technique to evaluate effects of nonsphericity and orientation on particle size distribution retrieval
November 2011
This paper reports the formulation of an algorithm based on the anomalous diffraction theory to infer the particle size distribution (PSD) from theoretical perspective, taking the effects of particle nonsphericity and orientation into account. Preliminary analysis of input parameters sensitivity of the analytical retrieval formulas of the different PSDs, it is found that there exist simple scale...
ZLoc: A C++ library for local search
November 2011
Local search is known as an effective technique for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, there are few tools that provide high level facilities for users to implement their own local search algorithms. In this paper, we introduce ZLoc, a new C++ library for local search. ZLoc supports many high-level features usually found in modeling languages, such as Zinc. It allows users to define their...
Prediction of compressive strength of concrete from volume ratio and Bingham parameters using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and data mining
November 2011
Concrete is the most widely used and one of the oldest material in the construction industry. Compressive strength is one of the most important mechanical properties of hardened concrete because it is related to other properties or performance of concrete. In this study, a soft computing technique called adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was carried out for predicting the compressive strength of...
Simulation analysis of 2.4 GHz MEMS/NEMS voltage controlled oscillator
November 2011
This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel 2.4 GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), with amplitude control and Q enhancement circuit, for wireless communication applications. The variable capacitors and the inductors were designed using ANSYS and imported through DAC components in ADS (Advanced Design software). Accurate simulation of the VCO was performed in the software environments and the...
A general method for finding the exact solution of linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind
November 2011
In this paper, a general method is given for the solution of linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind, which is based on the action of the operator defined by the kernel of the integral equation on a suitable basis for the corresponding function spaces. The necessary conditions for using this method are so weak that extends its applicability. The solved examples show the strength of this...
Process queuing in the automobile manufacturing body shop: Using a multi-objective model
November 2011
The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in global economics. The automobile manufacturing industry consists of many shops and many stations. Each station has a number of operations, which depend on the number of welded pieces in those stations. One of these shops is the body shop. The problems that occur in the body shop concern queuing and the lead time between stations. This paper...
Reliable approach of iterative method for nonlinear fractional differential equations
November 2011
In this paper, a new approach of the iterative method is developed to handle nonlinear differential equations of fractional order. For this reason, an efficient modification of iterative method, namely iterative-Laurent method, is introduced based on iterative method and Laurent series expansion. The proposed approach is capable of reducing the size of calculations and easily overcome the difficulty arising...
Recursive parameter estimation for discrete-time model of an electro-hydraulic servo system with varying forgetting factor
November 2011
In general, an electro-hydraulic servo (EHS) system inherently suffers from parameter uncertainties and variation which makes the modeling and controller design complicated. To encounter those difficulties, recursive least square (RLS) is often used with advanced control strategy for position, force and pressure control of the EHS system. In this paper, a new RLS estimator with varying forgetting factor was...
Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of boron-nitride nano cones in different solvents
November 2011
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the level of B3LYP/3-21G was carried out on the structure and stability of B10N11H7 (Thr)2 in bulk and different solvent medium. NMR parameters and thermodynamic properties were calculated to obtain chemical shift, stability and solvent effect. It was found that...
A new measurement method of separation percentage for human blood plasma based on ultrasound attenuation
November 2011
In this research, the separation accuracy of blood-plasma-based multi-decay pulse-power technique (MDPPT) was presented. The MDPPT provides adjustable-path measurements according to the amplitude of transmitted pulses and accurate attenuation measurements of propagation echoes through blood and blood plasma; thus, reduction of time and power consumption during the plasma separation process was achieved using...
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