New extraction method of the scattering parameters of a physical system starting from its causal bond graph model: Application to a microwave filter
July 2011
The general idea consists of using jointly the bond graph technique and the scattering formalism. For that, we propose to extract the scattering parameters of a microwave filter with localized or distributed elements from its causal bond graph model while starting with the determination of the integro-differentials operators which is based, in their determination, on the causal ways and causal loops present...
An efficient neuro-fuzzy control of synchronous generator: A case study
July 2011
Synchronous machine is an AC rotating machine whose speed under steady state condition is proportional to the frequency of the current in its armature. This paper presents an efficient neuro-fuzzy control of synchronous generator. It has been compared with fuzzy control and multilayer control. As evinced through the simulation results, neuro-fuzzy and type-2 are comparatively superior over the...
The effect of zeolite amount on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete
July 2011
Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in building construction and thus it is important to investigate its properties. For these purpose four different types of lightweight concrete has been produced by using different amount of zeolite used as an aggregate. The zeolites were obtained from around the Göldes town of Manisa province in Turkey. The ultrasound velocity, compressive strength,...
Effect of binder and silica sand on unconfined compressive strength of cemented peat
July 2011
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the unconfined compressive strength of cemented peat in comparison to that of untreated peat. A laboratory study on the unconfined compressive strength of cemented peat is important in order to formulate a suitable and economical mix design for stabilized peat columns developed in deep peatland to support highway construction. To characterize the strength behavior of...
Nonlinear analysis of load-deflection testing of reinforced one-way slab strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and using artificial neural network (ANN) for prediction
July 2011
Load-deflection curve is the most important part of the structural analysis of RC beam and slab. The load-deflection analysis of the RC one-way slab strengthened by CFRP using experimental work, finite element analysis (FEA), artificial neural network (ANN), and a comparison of them together are the important objective of this study. The dimension of the one-way slab was 1800×400×120 mm which was...
Open wells, sanitary features, pollutions and water qualities: Case study of Ibadan slums, Nigeria
July 2011
The study was carried out to assess the well waters, their sanitary features, prevailing pollutions and water qualities in some communities in the South- east Local Government Area of Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A random selection of houses in the area with forty shallow hand dug wells grouped into eight zones was considered. Structured questionnaires and oral interviews were used to gather...
Environmental surface degradation of galvanised and mild steels in cattle and poultry wastes and urea solution
July 2011
An investigation of the corrosive properties of cattle and poultry dung/urine slurries and urea solution and by extension, the corrosion resistance of galvanised and mild steels in these respective test media was performed by the weight loss method. The results showed corrosive surface degradation of galvanised steel and extensive corrosion of the mild steel test specimens by the corrosive constituents of the...
Particle swarm optimisation prediction model for surface roughness
July 2011
Acrylic sheet is a crystal clear (with transparency equal to optical glass), lightweight material having outstanding weather ability, high impact resistance, good chemical resistance, and excellent thermo-formability and machinability. This paper develops the artificial intelligent model using partial swarm optimization (PSO) to predict the optimum surface roughness when cutting acrylic sheets with laser beam...
Combustor aerodynamic using radial swirler
July 2011
A study has been conducted to investigate the flow pattern in a gas turbine combustion chamber by simulation and experimental approaches. Flow pattern inside a combustor is important to self sustain the flame, increase mixing of air and fuel, and increase combustion intensity. Aerodynamically curved vanes allow the incoming axial flow to turn gradually. This inhibits flow separation on the suction side of the...
Study on the mechanical behavior of steel reinforced high strength concrete subjected to impact loading
July 2011
In this paper, the impact experiments of steel fiber reinforced concrete with same impact velocity and different steel fiber contents are processed by one-stage light gas gun. Through the manganin gauges embedded in the target, the voltage-time signals are recorded. Lagrangian method is used to analyze the flow field, then the particle velocity (u), specific energy, specific volume with time are...
Radiometric assessment of natural radioactivity levels around Mrima Hill, Kenya
July 2011
Mrima Hill, located in the South coast of Kenya is known for high natural background radiation, due to the presence of radiogenic heavy minerals such as monazites and carbonatites. The activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from the hill have been determined by gamma ray spectrometry using NaI(Tl) detector and decomposition of measured gamma-spectra. As a measure of...
3D tsunami wave reconstruction from Quickbird data by using fuzzy B-spline
July 2011
This work reports on a study carried out for the generation of three-dimensional (3D) successive tsunami waves using high resolution satellite Quickbird data. The main objective of this study is to utilize fuzzy arithmetic to remodel real 3D tsunami wave propagation and runup from optical data such as Quickbird. In doing so, two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFFT) was used to extract the successive tsunami...
A numerical method for retrieving sea surface salinity from MODIS satellite data
July 2011
This work presents a new approach for modeling sea surface salinity (SSS) from MODIS satellite data. In doing so, the least squares algorithm is used to retrieve SSS from multi MODIS bands data. Thus, the basic linear model has been solved by using least square estimators. In situ measurements are collected along the east coast of peninsular Malaysia by using hydrolab instrument. The study shows...
Soil slope deformation behavior in relation to soil water interaction based on centrifuge physical modeling
July 2011
As development on hill slope areas has increased in Ulu Klang Malaysia, a number of landslides have occurred during the rainy season in this area since 1993, including Highland Towers (1993), Taman Zooview (2006), and Bukit Antarabangsa (2008). Recent studies have suggested the large influence of antecedent rainfall, amount of rainfall, rainfall intensity, and the physical properties of the soil on slope...
Fruit physical characteristics responses of young apricot trees to different irrigation regimes and yield, quality, vegetative growth, and evapotranspiration relations
July 2011
This study was carried out to investigate effects of different irrigation regimes on fruit pomological properties of drip-irrigated young apricot trees in 2005 and 2008. Six different irrigation treatments were used: five of which (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) were based on adjustment coefficients of Class A pan evaporation (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50). The other treatment (S6) was regulated deficit...
Effect of wrestling on the foot sole of elite wrestlers
July 2011
The present study investigated changes in the foot soles of wrestlers. The study compared 11 pedobarographic parameters of the contact area of the foot sole area, maximal force, peak pressure, average maximal pressure and time pressure integral of elite wrestlers and a control group comprised of healthy individuals. An EMED-SF (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system was used in the...
A new calculation method for thermal and electical characterization in CdTe and CdSe semiconductors
July 2011
A new calculation method has been developed and used to model electron transport properties in semiconductor devices under thermal and electrical applications. Using the relaxation-time approximation, the Boltzmann transport equation is solved using the currently established values of the material parameters. This method is used to carry out the thermal energy flux, electrical conductivity, seebeck...
Calculation of gamma-ray spectroscopy of pg9/2+ isomers in 69,71,73,75,77,79As nuclei
July 2011
We have calculated binding energy, reduced transition probabilities and deformation parameter in 69,71,73,75,77,79As nuclei. The energies of projectile-like fragments and Q-value in 76Ge (635 MeV) + 198Pt reactions are also calculated. The theoretical calculations of projectile like fragments (PLFs) energies are compared with the experimental values. The systematic energies for...
Investigations of proton beam energy of the MC-50 cyclotron at KIRAMS
July 2011
The accuracy of the measured excitation functions of nuclear reactions largely depend on the precise measurements of the exposed beam energy in activation experiment. We investigated the proton beam energy of the MC-50 cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS) employing the method natCu(p,xn)62Zn /natCu(p,xn)65Zn together with a stacked-foil activation technique. The...
New method for edge detection and de noising via fuzzy cellular automata
July 2011
In this article, a new method is presented for eliminating noise and for detecting image edges through the use of fuzzy cellular automata. The algorithm based on the proposed method is used for edge detection in Gray level images and for noise elimination in images containing salt and pepper noise. In this method, eight specific contiguity states are considered for each pixel and sixteen numbers are derived...
Comparison of Naïve bayes classifier with back propagation neural network classifier based on f - folds feature extraction algorithm for ball bearing fault diagnostic system
July 2011
This paper is intended to compare the Naïve bayes classifier for ball bearing fault diagnostic system with the back propagation neural network based on the f-folds feature extraction algorithm. The f-folds feature extraction algorithm has been used with different number of folders and clusters. The two classifiers have shown similar classification accuracies. The Naive bayes classifier has not...
Link establishment and performance evaluation in IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks
July 2011
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are one of the emerging technologies. Their capability for self-organization significantly reduces the complexity of network deployment and maintenance, and thus, requires minimal upfront investment. These networks consist of simple mesh routers and mesh clients, where mesh routers have minimal mobility and form the backbone of WMNs. They provide network access for both mesh and...
Farsi digit recognition via features extraction
July 2011
In this paper, a new method is proposed to extract the features of a one-number Persian image in which for the final verification of the extracted features, a three-layer neural network (mesh) of Perceptron has been utilized. The method is capable of extracting some ideal features from a one-number image that are stable against rotation, movement, size change and noise. The method is examined on a...
Efficiency analysis and classification of bank by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model: Evidence of Iranian Bank
July 2011
Data envelopment analysis is the most practical nonparametric methods to compute efficiency and to rank decision- making units. This method is based on a series of optimizing and using the technique of linear programming. Using this method, this paper evaluates the efficiency of Industrial and Mine Bank in Iran. Using this method, the rank of each branch has been measured according to the types of efficiency...
Exit-selection behaviors during a classroom evacuation
July 2011
A modified version of the existing Cellular Automata (CA) model is proposed to simulate an evacuation experiment conducted in a classroom with and without obstacles. This work present the use of CA with neural network decision-making capabilities to simulate an exit-selection phenomenon in the experiment, and an intelligent exit-selection behavior was observed in our model. The experimental and simulation...
User-session-based automatic test case generation using GA
July 2011
User-session-based testing which relies on capturing and replaying real user sessions is an effective approach to test web applications. However, as a black-box testing, test case generation totally based on user session data may not be qualified for ensuring the reliability of web applications. This paper proposed an approach in terms of gray-box testing, combining user session data with request dependence...
A non-polynomial spline method for solving linear fourth-order boundary-value problems
July 2011
In this paper, we use a non-polynomial spline method to develop a numerical technique for solving linear fourth-order boundary-value problems which are first reduced to a system of second-order boundary-value problems. Three numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the usefulness of the method and to show that the method converges with sufficient accuracy to the exact solutions. Key...
The association between C-572G polymorphism of the Interleukin 6 gene promoter and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese Han population
July 2011
As an important inflammatory marker, plasma interleukin-6(IL-6) is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the distribution of C-572G polymorphism of the IL-6 and its association with type 2 diabetes in Han population are still unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the distribution of C-572G polymorphism in healthy Han subjects and to evaluate the association between the human interleukin-6...
Adsorption in column of Cu (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) with XAD-7 resin impregnated with bis (2-ethylhexyl) ammonium bis (2-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate (BEABEDC) in aqueous solution
July 2011
The extraction of copper, nickel and lead in mini-column pack of resin XAD-7, impregnated with BEABEDC was realized by varying the concentration of metallic solution, flow rate of elution in the case of copper in order to carry out the kinetic exchanges which govern the system. These experiments were carried out in acidic region. Extraction chromatography is combined with the spectrometer of atomic absorption...
Issues and temperature compensation techniques for hot wire thermal flow sensor: A review
July 2011
The hot-wire anemometer is used extensively to measure velocity and turbulence quantities. Hot-wire measurement of non-isothermal flows necessitate the use of thermal compensation or error correction. This paper focus of issues and techniques for thermal compensation and error correction in industrial application was studied. Firstly, comprehensive review on the theory of several types of the most commonly...
A new algorithm for selecting equip system based on fuzzy operations
July 2011
In this endeavor, the authors discuss the problem of defuzzification based on parametric interval approximation of fuzzy numbers and then suggest measure about these points of fuzzy numbers. The measure point of each fuzzy number plays an important role in fuzzy sets and systems, specifically in physics, mathematics and statistics. We provide the definition of the measure of fuzzy numbers as well as the...
Wage augmented stochastic frontier model with truncated normal distribution
July 2011
This study considered wage augmented production frontiers with inefficiency effects model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1992) where the efficiency wage hypotheses was tested. An unbalanced panel data on 31 manufacturing firm for the period 1989 to 2000 was used in this study. The wage augmented Cobb-Douglas production function was originated to be an unsatisfactory representation of the data compared to...
A note on squeezing flow between two infinite parallel plates with slip boundary conditions
July 2011
The aim of this letter is to investigate an axisymmetric squeezing flow of an incompressible fluid generated by two large parallel plates, including fluid inertial effects. The governing equations have been transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation using integribility condition. Solution to the problem is obtained by using an optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The results reveal that...
The implementation of document management system (DMS) in managing sub-contracts tenders: A contractor’s perspectives
July 2011
Company X is a construction organization located in United Kingdom with turnover reaching £370 million and with past and current projects valued up to £15 million, and has completed a number of construction projects both in private and the public sectors. Due to numbers of limitations from previous system in managing sub-contract process, the company management had decided to develop a document...
Physico-chemical properties of Alanine-Sodium nitrate: An optical overview
July 2011
Single crystals of the semi organic materials L-Alanine sodium nitrate (LASN) and D-Alanine sodium nitrate (DASN) were grown from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), studies were carried for the doped grown crystals. The absorption of these grown crystals was analyzed using UV-vis-NIR studies, and it was found that these crystals possess minimum absorption from 200 to...
Geoelectrical studies for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties in Enugu State, Nigeria
July 2011
Three hundred and twenty two vertical electrical soundings (VES) have been used to evaluate the hydraulic properties of aquifers in Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. The project domain lies within longitudes 7° 6’ E to 7° 54’E and latitudes 5° 56’N to 6 °52’N, and covers an area of about 7161 km2 over eight main geological formations. The thickness,...
Enhancing nutrient use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) from mixing urea with zeolite and peat soil water
July 2011
The use of urea as N fertilizer has increased globally but lack of efficiency due to loss through ammonia volatilization has become a subject of considerable recent attention. In line with this, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mixing urea with zeolite and peat soil water on: (1) uptake and use efficiency of N, P and K in maize cultivation, and (2) soil exchangeable ammonium,...
Improved hardness of laser alloyed X12CrNiMo martensitic stainless steel
July 2011
The improvement in hardness of X12CrNiMo martensitic stainless steel laser alloyed with 99.9% pure titanium carbide, stellite 6 and two cases of premixed ratio of titanium carbide and stellite 6 [TiC (30 wt.%)- stellite 6 (70 wt.%) and TiC (70 wt.%)- stellite 6 (30 wt.%)] were examined. The powders were supplied through a pneumatically driven powder delivery system with a 4.4 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG...
A novel algorithm for multiple maneuvering target tracking
July 2011
It is difficult to track multiple maneuvering targets in clutter due to the uncertain acceleration and the disturbance of the clutter. Taking these into account, a strong tracking modified input estimation (STMIE) is presented in this paper, which is combined with maximum entropy fuzzy joint probabilistic data association for multiple maneuvering target tracking. Strong tracking multiple fading factors are...
An experimental performance evaluation of different remote servers to analyze the effect of divergent load and congestion
July 2011
In terms of provisioning of guaranteed QoS to the end-user, the performance of remote servers is a critical issue for internet service providers to remain competitive in the market. The end-user would like to have a quick and instant response from the webmail server to enjoy the service. Load and congestion are the greatest hurdles in web based linkage and conversation. The efficiency of web page retrieval is...
An extensible autonomous search framework for constraint programming
July 2011
Constraint programming is a modern programming paradigm devoted to solve constraint-based problems, in particular combinatorial problems. In this paradigm, the efficiency on the solving process is the key, which generally depends on the selection of suitable search strategies. However, determining a good search strategy is quite difficult, as its effects on the solving process are hard to predict. A novel...
Weighting low level frame difference features for key frame extraction using Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and indirect feedback relevance mechanism
July 2011
Video summarization is a method to generate succinct version of a video by eliminating the redundant frames. The representation of video summaries using key frames is a simple and effective way to generate video summaries. However, eliciting the frames that effectively characterize a video is a daunting task. A popular way to extract key frames is to compute the frame difference between the consecutive...
Petri net modeling of railway crossing system using fuzzy brakes
July 2011
Since the railway system is concurrent, distributed, safety, monetary and environmental critical system. Its failure may cause the loss of human life, severe injuries, loss of money and environmental issues. The complexity of the system requires formal modeling and step by step design processes. In this paper, we present a method of modeling and analysis of railway crossing, which is an important and critical...
Information optimization for speaker recognition using correlation functions
July 2011
In this article, a method that optimizes the information of an analyzed signal is described. This method is practicable for various analyses and in fact is an additional process that is used after the analysis. We tendered our idea in our previous article. In this method, we first analyzed the signal, after which the first frame and some other frames were put in a matrix, where each row was a frame. Then the...
A study on the accuracy of AGA positioning algorithm in multipath environment
July 2011
The quality of location-based services (LBS) services depends on the available accuracy of the used positioning method. There are generally several ones for wireless networks. The more accurate methods are way more expensive to implement. On the contrary, there are methods with lower accuracy and much lower costs as well. Received signal strength (RSS) method, which is described below, belongs to the latter...
Linkage learning based on differences in local optimums of building blocks with one optima
July 2011
Genetic algorithms (GA) are categorized as search heuristics and have been broadly applied to optimization problems. These algorithms have been used for solving problems in many applications. Nevertheless, it has been shown that simple GA is not able to effectively solve complex real world problems. For proper solving of such problems, knowing the relationships between decision variables which is referred to...
Distribution of turbulence statistics in open-channel flow
July 2011
Turbulence is ubiquitous in most environmental flows. Therefore, highly resolved measurement of turbulent quantities is one of the challenges in hydraulics. As turbulence is a multi-scale physical phenomenon, the measurement resolution should be sufficient to capture all these scales. Therefore, research on turbulent flow gained momentum after the introduction of high-resolution measurement devices such as...
A comparative study on the bond performance between rebar and structural lightweight pumice concrete with/without admixture
July 2011
In this study, the bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement of structural concrete produced by lightweight pumice aggregate (SLWAC) and normal-weight aggregate (NWAC) is investigated. To achieve this objective, 12 different types of concrete mixtures were produced. In producing the NWAC and SLWAC mixtures, a mineral additive, silica fume (SF), was used to replace the Portland cement in the...
A study on the physical characteristics of the visual environment factors based on dynamic characteristics: A focus on six major traditional villages in Gyungbuk regions of Korea
July 2011
This study focuses on the visual experience of human beings, and the objective of this study is to perform the investigation and comparison of the circulation systems, which affect the study on the investigation of sequential visual characteristics related to pedestrian movement. Also, based on continuous comparative studies on the visual characteristics of traditional villages in other neighboring nations, a...
Parametric evaluation of tree root water-uptake effect on ground movement
July 2011
A model is a tool that simulates the reality through simplification by ignoring what is not important. Therefore, assumptions are usually involved, prompting the need for parametric analysis for identification of the responsive parameters with respect to the numerical simulation results. A negative pore-water pressure was estimated through two-dimensional governing equation for unsaturated soil in an...
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