Inhibition effect of potassium dichromate on the corrosion protection of mild steel reinforcement in concrete
May 2011
The inhibition of potassium dichromate on the corrosion protection of mild steel embedded in concrete and partially immersed in sulphuric acid and sodium chloride environments was evaluated at ambient temperatures. The experiments were performed using electrochemical potential monitoring method. Varying quantities of the inhibitor was used. In the NaCl test medium, the effectiveness of the inhibitor improved as higher...
Substrate noise coupling in NMOS transistor for RF/analog circuits
May 2011
Substrate noise issues are important for the smooth integration of analog and digital circuitries on the same die. The substrate coupling mechanism with simulation and measurement in a 0.13 µm common source NMOS is demonstrated. The coupling mechanism is related with resistance of ground interconnects; also the importance of coupling mechanism is demonstrated. The results are showing the variation of resistance...
Design and testing of a web-based automatic high precision GPS data processing environment
May 2011
While GPS (Global Positioning System) has been in daily life in form a navigation tool for nearly three decades, its applications have been matured to provide valuable information for a wide range of areas requiring very high precision such as geophysical and seismological studies, earthquake prediction, deformation monitoring. High-precision GPS data processing requires incorporating elaborate models of numerous...
Istanbul (Bosphorus) immersed tube tunnel and survey works
May 2011
The railway lines in both sides of Istanbul have been connected to each other by an underwater tunnel passing through the Bosphorus. This type of tunnel is known as immersed tube tunnel. Immersed tube tunnel is a part of MARMARAY project that is continued nowadays. MARMARAY is a rail transport project in Istanbul. It consists of the construction of an undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait. Suburban rail lines...
A survey on applying different control methods approach in building automation systems to obtain more energy efficiency
May 2011
In this paper, the implementation of different control methodologies for controlling parameters of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems as a part of building automation systems were investigated. In the past few years, many researches have been done on application, structure and also efficiency of different methods to achieve saving more energy. Different control strategies were considered in terms...
Study of MSCs transplantation in therapy of myocardial infarction
May 2011
To examine the effect of cell transplantation and gene therapy on myocardial infarction. In this project, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to 60Co γ irradiation were transplanted into SD rats. MSCs were divided into two groups: control and irradiation groups. The control group did not receive irradiation. Irradiation group received irradiation. Different irradiation doses can have opposite effects on...
Novel nanometric reversible saturating adder
May 2011
Reversible logic has found emerging attentions in nanotechnology, optical computing, quantum computing and low power CMOS design. In this paper a reversible saturating adder is presented for the first time. Some of digital signal processing (DSP) applications such as digital filters require that the result of arithmetic operations to be saturated. Saturation will happen when we have addition on two numbers with same...
Comparison of low field electron transport characteristics in Ge and Si semiconductors and effects of neutron energy deposition on their crystal structure
May 2011
The transport of minority electrons up to 600 K temperature in silicon and germanium have been investigated, using an iterative approach. Theoretical expressions for electron scattering which take into account the ellipsoidal nature of the conduction band valleys have been incorporated into the model. Minority electron mobility calculations compared favorably with experimental results. The low temperature value of...
Quasi-radical operation on the submodules in a module
May 2011
All rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unital. The purpose of this paper is to introduce interesting and useful properties of quasi-radical operation on the submodules in a module. Key words: Prime submodules, qausi-radical operation.
The characterizations of constant slope surfaces and Bertrand curves
April 2011
In this paper, we give some characterizations of constant slope surfaces and Bertrand curves in Euclidean 3-space. We find parametrization of constant slope surfaces for spherical images of tangent indicatrix, principal normal indicatrix, binormal indicatrix and the Darboux indicatrix of a space curve. Furthermore, we investigate Bertrand curves corresponding to constant parameter curves of constant slope...
Analytic functions defined by a certain integral operator
April 2011
In this paper, some new classes of analytic functions, involving a certain integral operator, are introduced. Inclusion relationships, a radius problem and some other interesting properties are investigated. However, some applications of these results are also discussed. Key words: Univalent, starlike, convex, integral operator, convolution.
Decompositions of fuzzy continuity by fuzzy strongly pre-I-continuous function
April 2011
Recently, El-Naschie has shown that the notion of fuzzy topology may be relevant to quantum physics in connection with string theory and E-infinity space time theory. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy strongly pre-I-open sets and fuzzy strongly pre-I-continuous function in fuzzy ideal topological spaces, and obtain several characterizations of fuzzy continuous functions by this function. Key...
Higher-order iterative methods free from second derivative for solving nonlinear equations
April 2011
In this paper, we suggest and analyze some new higher-order iterative methods free from second derivative for solving nonlinear equations. Per iteration, these new methods require three evaluations of the function and two of its first-derivative with efficiency index = Convergence of their methods is also considered. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and...
Investigating (Ochadamu) silica sand, clay and local oils for foundry core
April 2011
In this investigation, the Ochadamu silica sand was analyzed and used as base sand for the Ochadamu clay- sand mixture in an attempt to improve and develop an efficient foundry core. The mechanical properties of the sand, clay, and local oil mixture were determined. The fitness number, total coarse fraction, and the total fine fraction of Ochadamu silica sand were found to be within the best range...
Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine running with LPG
April 2011
This paper investigates the effects of LPG injection during air inlet period on emissions and performance characteristics. The engine has been modified to determine the best LPG composition for dual operation in order to improve the emissions quality while maintaining high thermal efficiency in comparison to a conventional diesel engine. An electronic controlled LPG injection system has been developed for...
The effects of support size on the vibration of the point supported plate
April 2011
The fundamental frequencies of plate are important for engineering designs. Freevibration characteristics of isotropic rectangular plates with point, spring and viscoelastic supports have been studied by several researchers. However, the practical implementation of these boundary conditions in...
Effects of QUV accelerated aging on surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference for some wood species
April 2011
The surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference were determined for wooden materials produced from three commonly used species - two native of Turkey and one exotic - treated with one- and two-component water-based varnishes and exposed to different amounts of radiation to mimic accelerated aging using a QUV aging device. One- and two-component...
Suitability of local binder compositional variation on silica sand for foundry core-making
April 2011
The use of local oils, namely groundnut oil, cotton seed oil and palm oil with Nigeria local clay and silica sand for the production of foundry cores has been investigated on varying composition. Addition of cassava starch, local clay, oil and moisture to sand are used to produce strong and efficient core. These oils were tested and it was found that the three could be used to produce foundry cores. The best...
Flight path PID controller for propeller-driven fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles
April 2011
The world of the future will be filled with intelligent unmanned aircraft employed to autonomously perform tasks and substituting human efforts in applications where human operation is dangerous, inefficient and/or impossible. Towards this goal, an autonomous flight path state holding for a fixed-wing propeller-driven unmanned aircraft is developed. The development is based on the utilization of a...
An investigation of the applicability of a swelling wave simulation using maritime information for disaster prevention
April 2011
Recently disasters caused by swells are often occurring around the coastal areas of South Korea. Swells are accompanied with high waves that are approximately 10 m high and these come without particular warning. Thus, it is important to predict swells properly in order to prevent sudden coastal disasters. A systemic method to predict swells has not been established up till now. In this study, we simulated...
A state of art review of peat: Geotechnical engineering perspective
April 2011
Peat is a type of soft soil composed of high contents of fibrous organic matters and is produced by the partial decomposition and disintegration of mosses, sedges, trees, and other plants that grow in marshes and other wet place in the condition of lack of oxygen. These soils are geotechnically problematic as they show high compressibility and low shear strength. In this paper, the origin of peat and its...
Using linear goal programming in surveying engineering for vertical network adjustment
April 2011
In engineering, especially in Surveying Engineering, network adjustment is made to find out the definite values of the unknows and the measurements. Generally Least Square method is used for vertical network adjustment. By using Linear Goal Programming method, as opposed to the Least Squares method used in network adjustment, similar results are reached. By this study, Linear Goal Programming method, proposed...
State of an art review of peat: General perspective
April 2011
Peat can be defined as the accumulation of 100% pure organic material which contains at least 65% organic matter or less than 35% mineral content. The distribution of peat deposits is extensive. It constituents 5 to 8% of the earth land surface and nearly 60% of the wetlands of the world are peat. The composition of peat differs from location to location. This is due to the reasons such as the origin fibre,...
Performance of artificial neural network and regression techniques for rainfall-runoff prediction
April 2011
Different types of methods have been used in runoff prediction involving conceptualand empirical models. Nevertheless, none of these methods can be considered as a single superior model. Owing to the complexity of the hydrological process, the accurate runoff is difficult to be predicted using the linear recurrence relations or physically based watershed. The linear recurrence relation model does not attempt...
Using secondary additives to enhance the physicochemical properties of kaolinite
April 2011
The adsorptions of various electrolytes namely; CH3COONa, H3PO4, Na2Sio3, Na2Co3, CaCl2, and Al2(SO4)3, onto kaolinite from aqueous solutions were investigated using zeta potential test. Based on zeta potential results, 36 different binders were designed using Na2Sio3 as well as H3PO4 as main stabilizers mixed with CaCl2 and Al2(SO4)3 as secondary additives at various electrolytes....
Crucial components in toll-like receptor signaling network as key regulators for immunological disorders
April 2011
The toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling network is the main part of the mammalian immune system. It is activated by the pathogenic ligands producing immunological responses. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the system level properties of the TLR signaling network aiming to decipher the complex network structure for drug target identification in immunological disorders. The network of molecular...
Source, characteristics and some geological features of the thermal waters of Hidirbeyli Region, Aydin, Turkey
April 2011
The metamorphic units belonging to Menderes Massif occur in the area as basement rocks. These rocks are predominantly formed during Paleozoic. At the top of these rock units, there are some Miocene and Paleocene aged sedimentary rocks, which are covered by Quaternary aged alluviums. The Menderes block (often described as Menderes Massif was elevated due to compressional tectonic forces from south and north...
Mauth: A fine-grained and user-centric permission delegation framework for web services
April 2011
Mashups are a new breed of interactive web applications that aggregate and stitch together data retrieved from one or more sources to create an entirely new and innovative set of services. The paradigm is not limited to social networks and many enterprises are redesigning their business processes to create interactive systems in the form of mashups. However, protecting users' private data from...
Trivial model for mitigation of risks in software development life cycle
April 2011
Software development is the art of developing the software in an appropriate manner by using the software development life cycle, regardless of the fact that which model is used for the development. The development is a dynamic activity and requires a lot of rational thinking during the analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance phases of software development. As the development of software is becoming...
Re-heat simulated annealing algorithm for rough set attribute reduction
April 2011
Attribute reduction deals in finding all possible reducts by egesting redundant attributes while maintaining the information of the problem in hand. This paper aims to investigate an alternative approach to find the minimal attribute from a large set of attributes. Towards this goal, a reheat simulated annealing (Reheat-SA) is proposed to solve an attribute reduction problem in rough set...
Heavy metals Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn in human hair samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis
April 2011
This paper presents the results of analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) applied on the human hair. We determined the concentrations of heavy metals Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn of 29 hair samples of sanitation workers and 5 samples of students were assumed to be environmentally healthy group. The accuracy and precision of the method for the elements were evaluated through the analysis of a...
X-ray interactions with potassium carbide
April 2011
Soft X-rays are produced owing to high intensity pulsed lasers irradiating solid targets. This project report centres on the interaction of soft X-rays with a multi-electron atom potassium carbide (K2C2) in which absorption index,, and the refractive index decrement, , of potassium (K), carbon (C) and potassium carbide (K2C2) are calculated. Reflectivties of each material over a range of X-ray...
Study on abaca (Musa textilis Nee) fibre reinforced high impact polystyrene (HIPS) composites by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
April 2011
In this research, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the amount and rate of change in the weight (weight loss) of abaca fibre reinforced high impact polystyrene (HIPS) composites as a function of temperature. The function determined the composition of abaca fibre reinforced HIPS composites on predicting the thermal stability. The optimum composites designed with composition of...
Malignancy and abnormality detection of mammograms using DWT features and ensembling of classifiers
April 2011
Breast cancer detection and diagnosis is a critical and complex procedure that demands high degree of accuracy. In computer aided diagnostic systems, the breast cancer detection is a two stage procedure. First, to classify the malignant and benign mammograms, while in second stage, the type of abnormality is detected. The classifier ensemble optimization is a method that can be applied to increase the...
Wave-like interaction, occurring at superluminal speeds, or the same, de Broglie relationship, as imposed by the law of energy conservation: Gravitationally bound particles (Part II)
April 2011
Previously, merely based on the law of energy conservation, we have demonstrated that, the gravitational motion depicts a “rest mass variation”, throughout. The same applies to a motion driven by electrical charges; this constituted the topic of the preceding article (Part I of this work). One way to conceive the rest mass variation phenomenon in question is to consider a “jet effect”....
Distribution and conservation significance of endemic plants in the Düzce province
April 2011
When considering the conservation status of endemic plants, their traits must be taken in land use systems, since endemics population ranges and sizes, and durability of natural habitats. In this paper, we present the global assessment of the conservation status of the endemic plants from the Düzce province, by applying IUCN criteria and categories, together with the distribution patterns of...
Agricultural waste as a low cost adsorbent for heavy metal removal from wastewater
April 2011
Biosorption was carried out in a batch process to test the suitability of Amaranthus hybridus (African spinach) stalk and Carica papaya (pawpaw) seed for removal of Mn (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. The amount of metal ions removed from solution depended on the metal ion-substrate contact time, ion concentration and ion type. The contact time was 90 min for both substrates....
Comparison of physical properties of sutures in medical liquids
April 2011
In this study, some physical properties of natural and synthetic absorbable sutures are compared. Normal catgut and poly (glycolide-co-caprolactone) sutures were used due to their monofilament structures. Advantages and disadvantages of these sutures were experimentally observed. Knotted and unknotted suture samples were individually put into different liquids such as; medical solutions, distilled water and...
Contextualization of science knowledge: A case study of Malaysian and Nigerian serving and pre-service teachers
April 2011
This study was meant to ascertain how well Malaysian and Nigerian university science education undergraduates and their counterparts (already on the field) contextualize science concepts they are learning or have learned and how well they can help the students they teach connect science with real-life in their teaching. The designs employed in the study were survey and causal comparative. The sample consisted...
Fatigue failure fault prediction of truck rear axle housing excited by random road roughness
April 2011
A premature fatigue failure that occurred prior to the expected load cycles during the vertical fatigue tests of a truck rear axle housing prototype was studied. A seven degree of freedom dynamic model of truck was presented and vibrating equations on automobile as a whole was also built based on the model. Random road roughness data in time history that is generated by random phase method were applied to...
Effect of size and stacking of glass fibers on the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced-mortars (FRMs)
April 2011
In modern day construction practice, repair and rehabilitation of structures have taken a prominent role. Indeed, the recent trend of rehabilitating and strengthening unreinforced masonry reinforced with glass fibers. In this paper, the use of fiber-reinforced-mortars (FRMs) is proposed for construction rehabilitation and reconstruction applications. A single type of fiber (glass fiber) with different...
Simulation comparison of the dispersion behaviour of dry sand subjected to explosion
April 2011
This research simulated the dispersion behavior of sand subjected to explosion on the surface of a sand layer. The simulation was conducted using AUTODYN. Explosion effects from an explosive were achieved by using the computer program, Conventional Weapon Effects Backfill (CONWEB), which was based on field data compiled by the U.S. Army (US Army, 1986). Three different governing equations were used for air,...
Effect of mineral admixtures on properties of lightweight pumice concrete
April 2011
In this study 25 different types of concrete have been produced. Pumice used as an aggregate and 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% fly ash and each fly ash ratio has 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% silica fume was added to replace cement. The physical and mechanical properties of concrete have been investigated. This study shows that, according to the rates of substitution compressive strength has very different...
Internal relative humidity distribution in concrete considering self-desiccation at early ages
April 2011
The internal relative humidity (RH) and humidity gradients in concrete at early ages have significant influence upon the properties of concrete, where exists, great discrepancy among the test results under different methods. By comparing and analyzing the common measuring methods of the RH in concrete, a newly developed measuring method will be introduced in this study, which could measure the internal RH in...
Implication of gravity drainage plan on shallow rising groundwater conditions in parts of ArRiyadh City, Saudi Arabia
April 2011
The population increase and stride development in ArRiyadh city has triggered water consumption exponentially. Excessive utilization of water for domestic and city services has increased infiltration which in turn has led to water level rise in various parts of the city. Keeping in view, damage to man and environments, various drainage schemes were constructed with the objective to check continuous water...
Flexural strengthening of steel I-beams by using CFRP strips
April 2011
This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies on the carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) flexural strengthened steel I-beams. Eight steel beams were carefully chosen with the same length and different types and thicknesses of CFRP plates. Both experimental test and numerical simulation were employed. In the experimental test, the gradual static loading in four-points bending method was...
Solution of free non-linear vibration of beams
April 2011
In this paper, we have considered the nonlinear governing equation of tapered beams, attempt has been made to analyze the nonlinear behavior of tapered beams analytically. The nonlinear governing equation is solved by employing the variational approach method (VAM) and Improved Amplitude-Formulation (IAFF). Despite the increasing expenses of building structures to maintain their linear behavior, nonlinearity...
One-dimensional finite difference approach for sedimentation process in sand filled reservoirs
April 2011
There have been continuing efforts to decrease silt deposits due to interstitial blockage in sand-filled reservoirs. However, estimating weir height to allow for deposition of required grain sizes is difficult. This paper presents a numerical process-imitating model aimed at improving water storage potential in sand filled reservoirs. The technique uses a finite difference (FD) numerical model to numerically...
Comparison of artificial intelligence strategies for UPFC supplementary controller design
April 2011
This paper presents the application of UPFC to enhance damping of Low Frequency Oscillations at a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system installed with UPFC. Since UPFC is considered to mitigate Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO), therefore a supplementary stabilizer controller based UPFC like power system stabilizer is designed to reach the defined purpose. Artificial intelligence methods such as...
Deterioration analysis of aluminum electrolytic capacitor for DC-DC converter
April 2011
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor is one of the key components that restrict the life of DC-DC converter. Studying its deterioration analysis has advanced to realizing the prognostics and health management (PHM) technology of DC-DC converter. The main deterioration modes of aluminum electrolytic capacitor include the capacitance decrease and the equivalent series resistance (ESR) increases. These cause the...
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