Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)
September 2012
A study was carried out using water hyacinth as a pollution monitor for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and aluminium (Al). Effluents were collected from eight industries including paint, textiles, aluminium, galvanizing and battery industries situated in Lagos State, Nigeria. After cultivation of the plant for seven...
Heavy metals accumulation and distribution pattern in different vegetable crops
July 2012
Different vegetable crops grown on heavy metal contaminated soil showed marked difference in metal accumulation, their uptake and distribution pattern. Crop species also showed remarkable difference in metal concentration of various plant parts. Based on metal accumulation in edible parts and whole plants, root vegetables namely, radish and carrot registered lower accumulation of almost all heavy metals...
Utilization of Blighia sapida (Akee apple) pod in the removal of lead, cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous solution
July 2012
Blighia sapida pod was utilized as a low cost adsorbent to remove Pb(II), Cd(II) and Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage were evaluated using batch adsorption experiment at 32°C. pH dependence study of the biosorption process revealed that maximum pH for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Co(II) ions removal from aqueous solution...
Potentials of Synedrella nodiflora and Sida fallax growing naturally around an abandoned railway station for phytoextraction of heavy metals
July 2012
Phytoextraction is a non-destructive, cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques of contaminated soils. In this study, the ability of two plants species Synedrella nodiflora and Sida fallaxgrowing naturally around the abandoned Asafo Railway Station in Kumasi for selective extraction and accumulation of four heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Fe and Zn) were studied using Atomic...
Assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulation by Eleusine indica from refuse dumpsites in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
May 2012
The levels of bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Zn, Cd, Mn and Cu) in Eleusine indica and waste soil samples from ten refuse dumpsites located in Kaduna Metropolis was assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) and available phosphorus (AP) were also determined. The results of analysis of the waste soils from the...
Spatiotemporal assessment of metal concentration in fish and periwinkles in selected locations of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
May 2012
Fish and periwinkles, from nine locations in the Lagos Lagoon, were processed and analysed for the presence of heavy metals (chromium Cr, manganese Mn, iron Fe, nickel Ni, copper Cu, zinc Zn, cadmium Cd and lead Pb) during the dry and wet seasons. Results showed that significant differences existed in the levels of metals in periwinkle and fish caught from the different locations while the influence...
Bioremediation of Ni(II) and Cu(II) from wastewater by the nonliving biomass of Brevundimonas vesicularis
April 2012
The nonliving biomass of Brevundimonas vesicularis was used for the biosorption of nickel and copper from their single and binary solutions after its pretreatment with 0.1 N NaOH. The optimum conditions, such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and biomass dose were determined experimentally. From the linear plot of Langmuir isotherm model, maximum absorption capacities (qmax) of...
Kinetics of proton depended oxidation of diethylthiourea with methylene green in aqueous medium
April 2012
Diethylthiourea (DETU) reacts with methylene green (MG) and reduced it into leuco dye where it oxidized into smaller fragments like urea, nitrate and sulphate. The reaction was favorable in acidic condition. A direct relation in between oxidation of DETU and MG to the concentration of H+ ions was observed through typical kinetics in two acids like HCl and H2SO4. The second order with respect to HCl and...
Adsorption of naphthalene onto activated carbons derived from milk bush kernel shell and flamboyant pod
April 2012
The suitability and the performance of activated carbon produced from flamboyant pod (FB) and milk bush kernel shell (MB) for the effective removal of naphthalene from simulated wastewater was conducted to determine the influence of increasing initial concentrations (50 – 150 mg/L) on adsorption. The activated carbon obtained from milk bush kernel shell (25 – 40%, w/w) decreased with increased...
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel hydroxytriazenes
April 2012
In a search for new leads potent antimicrobial agents, an array of novel hydroxytriazenes i-xi were synthesized and characterized through their melting point, crystal shape, colour and elemental analysis. In vitro microbiological evaluations were carried out for all the synthesized compounds against both bacterial and fungi using the turbidimetric method. The reagent number x and xi showed...
A study of micronucleus induction with isopropenyl benzene and trimellitic anhydride in bone marrow cells of Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice
March 2012
The genotoxicity of two chemicals, isopropenyl benzene and trimellitic anhydride, was evaluated using male Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. 7 week male ICR mice were tested at dosages of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg for isopropenyl benzene and 475, 950 and 1900 mg/kg for trimellitic anhydride, respectively. As a result of counting the...
Electrochemical degradation of p-aminobenzoic acid β-naphthol azo dye in alkaline solution
March 2012
The potentiostatic as well as galvanostatic electrochemical degradation with copper (Cu) as working electrode for p-aminobenzoic acid β-naphthol azo dye in alkaline solution was examined. The electrolysis was carried out in undivided cell containing Cu as cathode, platinum (Pt) as anode and calomel as reference electrode. The UV-Visible absorbance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were used to...
Application of low-cost adsorbents for arsenic removal: A review
March 2012
The presence of arsenic in waters, especially groundwater, has become a worldwide problem in the past decades. The current regulation of drinking water standard has become more stringent and requires arsenic content to be reduced to a few parts per billion. There are numbers of arsenic removal methods, which include coagulation followed by precipitation, membrane separation, anion exchange, etc. The use...
Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-Assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by Eleusine indica L. Gearth
March 2012
This study was designed to assess the natural and chemically enhanced phytoextraction ability ofEleusine indica (grass). Three sets of laboratory pot experiment were conducted. Viable seeds of the grass were seeded into one kilogram of the experimental soil placed in each plastic pot. The shoot, root and the experimental soil around root were analyzed for the preliminary levels of the heavy metals: Copper (Cu),...
Characterization of the aquifer system in the northern Sinai peninsula, Egypt
February 2012
Northern Sinai has received great attention with respect to future agricultural development, especially after initiation of El Salam canal, as a source of irrigation. The research aim is to highlight on the nature and potentiality of the Quaternary aquifer in the northern Sinai. To achieve this target, a 256 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed chemically with respect to major ions, SiO2, B3+,...
Haematological, biological and behavioural changes in Oreochromis niloticus (Linne 1757) juveniles exposed to Paraquat herbicide
February 2012
The Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to Paraquat for 24 h so as to monitor its effects on the fish’s haematology, and general behaviours. The haematological parameters estimated include haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white and red blood cell counts. The...
Heavy metals accumulation and distribution pattern in different vegetable crops
February 2012
Different vegetable crops grown on heavy metal contaminated soil showed marked difference in metal accumulation, uptake and distribution pattern. Crop species also showed remarkable difference in metal concentration of various plant parts. Based on metal accumulation in edible parts and whole plants, root vegetables namely radish and carrot registered lower accumulation of almost all heavy metals except zinc...
Removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions using palm fruit fibre as adsorbent
February 2012
The ability of the biomass of palm fruit fiber in removing Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr from aqueous solution was investigated as a function of concentration, contact time and pH variations. Palm fruit fiber from the study locations were washed with deionized water, air-dried and ground using electric grinder. The powdered fiber was sieved and treated with 0.3 M HNO3 solution for 24 h, washed with deionized water...
Phenoloxidases activity in root system and their importance in the phytoremediation of organic contaminants
February 2012
Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms in response to xenobiotics, and gain the concept of the ‘‘green liver” by analogy with the detoxication role of the liver in animal organisms and present other detoxication mechanisms; particularly the xenobiotic oxidation by plant roots. This review focused on two kinds of oxido-reductase enzymes: peroxidases and laccases, regarding their...
Pesticide residue analysis of fruits and vegetables
January 2012
This project describes an efficient and effective analytical method to screen pesticides in fruits and vegetable samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with acetate buffering (AOAC Official Method 2007.01) was used for sample preparation, which has been previously shown to yield high-quality results for...
Radioactivity concentration and heavy metal assessment of soil and water, in and around Imirigin oil field, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
January 2012
The alpha and beta activity concentration and heavy metal assessment of soil and water in and around Imirigin oil field has been carried out. Study area was subdivided into five locations, Soil and water samples were collected from field undisturbed environment and oil spilled areas. Sample collection and preparation follows standard procedures. In situ measurement was conducted for pH and...
Assessment of exposure risk to lead and cadmium via fish consumption in the lacusrian village of Ganvié in Benin republic
January 2012
The assessment of exposure risk related to lead and cadmium via fish consumption was conducted consecutively to the extent of the high level of pollution of the aquatic system of lacustrian village of Ganvié by recent studies. The evaluation was performed in adults and children by computing daily dose of exposure (DDE) by crossing the average levels of contamination of fish with lead and cadmium with...
Potential climate effects on nitrogen eco-toxicology of freshwater Lake, Victoria
January 2012
Lake Victoria has experienced changes that include introduction of alien species, over exploitation of fish, eutrophication and climate change. This review is a scenario of nitrogen cycle acceleration resulting in retention above the total inflow and the potential effect of climate on the N cycle. Excess nitrogen is attributed to nitrogen fixation, algal proliferation and decomposition. The nitrogen...
Heavy metals remediation from urban wastes using three species of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida and Perionyx excavatus)
December 2011
Remediation of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) by the three earthworm species - Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida and Perionyx excavatus from three different urban wastes (Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Market Waste (MW) and Flower Waste (FW)) through the vermicomposting process carried out for sixty days was investigated. The metals concentrations...
Toxicological effects of burrow pit effluent from a waste dump on periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus linne)
December 2011
Burrow pit effluent collected from a waste dump site in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was subjected to sublethal test using periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus linne). This was to ascertain if the heavy metals and organic constituents in the burrow pit effluent bioaccumulated in the tissues of the organisms. The test was conducted using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) protocol...
Essentials of ecotoxicology in the tanning industry
November 2011
Pollution within the tanning Industry has been a great concern with efforts recently directed towards mitigating the emerging challenges. The most inspiring is the development of novel ecotoxicological diagnostic tools which are considered rapid, cost effective and reliable. In the tanning industry, particular attention is directed towards use of chromium, salts, chlorinated phenols among others which are...
Toxicological effects of methomyl and remediation technologies of its residues in an aquatic system
November 2011
This study was carried out to evaluate toxicological effects of methomyl at low concentration level with respect to some biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase [AChE], alkaline phasphates [ALP], glutamic-pyrovic transaminase [GPT], glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT] and glutathion-S-transferase [GST]) and histopathological changes of treated rats organs (kidney and liver). Furthermore, to evaluate...
Analyses of geophagic materials consumed by pregnant women in Embu, Meru and Chuka towns in eastern province, Kenya
November 2011
Geophagy is the deliberate consumption of soil and clay deposits by animals, including man. During pregnancy all the nourishment needed by the developing fetus comes from the mother, either the food she eats or the supplement she may take. The geochemical and mineralogical composition of the materials which are consumed by pregnant women from Meru, Embu and Chuka open air markets were studied. The geophagic...
Chlorpyrifos induces hypertension in rats
November 2011
This study using a non-invasive measurement with a working range from 0–300 mm Hg and a silent built-in air pump that ensured automated cuff inflation/deflation at a constant rate blood pressure (BP) demonstrated an initially elevated BP in all treatment groups for several hours after exposure. This parameter was monitored for 3 and 14 days. BP was elevated at 3- and 14 –day exposure, but not...
Effect of cadmium ions on amyloid beta peptide 1-42 channel activity
November 2011
Amyloid b-peptide (Ab) is a natural peptide of about 39-42 amino acids, which can aggregate and accumulate into senile plaques, one of the main pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD).There is extensive evidence that neurodegenerative pathologies, such as AD, are associated with protein misfolding and environmental factors, such as heavy metals, that are known to pollute the...
Physicochemical characteristics of rainwater quality of Warri axis of Delta state in western Niger Delta region of Nigeria
November 2011
Physicochemical characteristics in rainwater samples collected at the peak of rainy seasons of August 2008 and 2009 from fifteen locations of Warri axis of Delta area in Western part of Niger Delta region of Nigeria were investigated for two consecutive years. The temperature ranged from 28.21- 29.38°C with mean value of 28.79 ± 0.27°C - 29.68°C with mean value of 29.20...
Ruditapes decussatus embryo-larval toxicity bioassay for assessment of Tunisian coastal water contamination
October 2011
This paper aims to assess Tunisian coastal water quality using the clam Ruditapes decussatusembryos and larvae bioassays tests. Water samples collected from four stations (Monastir lagoon, Chebba, Mahres and Zarat), was used for chemical analysis and clam bioassay tests (embryogenesis, larval growth and metamorphosis). The results, based on chemical analysis, showed the highest metal contamination in...
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of some selected hydroxytriazenes
October 2011
Eight hydroxytriazenes were synthesized and then subjected to spot tests. The composition of these hydroxytriazenes was analyzed using elemental analysis and their physical characteristics like melting point, crystal shape and colour were studied into details. The synthesized compounds were screened for their insecticidal activities against one day old male Drosophila melanogaster Meig (vinegar...
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution onto two Cameroon clays: Kaolinite and smectite
October 2011
The efficiency of the adsorbents; kaolinite (MY22s) and smectite (Sa01) for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. Parameters such as contact time (t) and initial concentration (Co) with a particle size of 80 µm were studied by using a batch scale adsorption technique. This is with the intension of optimising appropriate conditions to be utilised on a commercial scale...
Physicochemical dynamics of the impact of paper mill effluents on Owerrinta River, eastern Nigeria
October 2011
Industrial effluent discharge constitute major source of water pollution. Effects of effluent discharge from three paper mill industries on recipient Owerrinta River was determined by subjecting samples to standard physicochemical analysis. All values were within standard excepting the pH value of Effluent-II sample (3.92) and Total Suspended Solids values of all the effluent samples (84, 496, and...
Preconcentration and separation of some heavy metal ions by solid-phase extraction using silica modified with zirconium phosphate
September 2011
An analytical method was developed for the separation and preconcentration of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Fe3+ from surface water samples collected from ten locations at Suez Gulf, using silica gel chemically modified with zirconium (IV) phosphate. The effects of pH value, time of stirring, concentration of eluting acids and some common ionic species on the separation and preconcentration of...
Heavy metal levels in spinach (Amaranthus caudatus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in Maiduguri, Nigeria
September 2011
Levels of some heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were investigated in edible portions of Amaranthus caudatus and Lactuca sativa grown in Maiduguri. These heavy metals were similarly investigated in the soils in which the vegetables were grown. The metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of the heavy metals in the vegetable and soil samples...
An overview of the treatment of print ink wastewaters
September 2011
Based on a large number of domestic and international literatures, the characteristics of print ink wastewaters such as high concentration and chroma, complex of the wastewater composition, poor biodegradabilitiy, and the present treatment of it were summarized. It has made a comment on treatment for ink wastewaters. Key words: Print ink wastewaters, treatment, CODcr, decolor.
Study of multi-resistance to heavy metals, antibiotics and some hydrocarbons of bacterial strains isolated from an estuary basin
September 2011
Microorganisms contained in estuary water samples (Deltebre, Spain) have been the subject of several tests of resistance against various chemicals, such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and antibiotics. Isolates were plated (cultivated) on Trypticase Soy Agar plates and purified for further screening. The strains were extremely resistant to heavy metals, with peculiarly, high average minimal inhibitory concentration...
Preconcentration and removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using modified charcoal
September 2011
Levels of Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Co(II) ion in aqueous solutions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique after preconcentration on diethyl dithiocarbamate supported by EDTA modified charcoal from Khaya senegalensis wood. The sorbed elements were eluted with acid and subsequently analyzed. The influence of pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration by the modified charcoal...
Metal concentrations in sediments and water from Rivers Doma, Farinruwa and Mada in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
September 2011
The Rivers Doma, Farinruwa and Mada are important rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria especially with regard to domestic use, irrigation and aquatic food. Levels of sodium, potassium, nickel, copper, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, chromium and manganese were determined in samples of sediment and water collected from different points of the three rivers at two distinct seasons (dry and...
Use of Mediterranean plant as potential adsorbent for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment
August 2011
A batch adsorption system using dried Carpobrotus edulis plant as a new cheap adsorbent was investigated to remove some pollutants from raw wastewater. The results show that the uptake of nitrate, phosphate and some heavy metals ions from wastewater by C. edulis increased with increasing contact time. The percentage uptake of heavy metals from industrial wastewater...
Polyamine levels and pigment contents in rapeseed regenerated in vitro in the presence of zinc
August 2011
The present work was designed to select hyperaccumulator plants by in vitro breeding from transversal thin cell layers. The thin layer explants of Brassica napus cv. Jumbo were cultivated directly in the presence of ZnSO4 at different concentrations (0.1 to 1 mM). Regenerated shoots were transferred into pots, acclimatized, and cultured in the greenhouse. After 3 weeks, the...
Chelate-assisted phytoextraction of metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil
August 2011
This study examined the effect of citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) application on As, Cr and Cu phytoextraction of maize (Zea mays L.) plant in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil. The soluble and available metal pools in the contaminated soil were determined to be 6.20 ± 0.12 mg/kg and 9.80 ± 0.39 mg/kg As; 34.70 ± 1.10 mg/kg and 69.80...
Algal density assessed by spectrophotometry: A calibration curve for the unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
August 2011
The unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korschikov) Hindák has been frequently used for ecotoxicological tests. In this paper, a calibration curve is proposed correlating absorbance values (684 nm) and cell density for routine ecotoxicological experiments. Density (cells/mL) could be estimated as follow: Cell Density = e {[ln (absorbance_684)...
Trace element concentrations of soils of Ife-Ijesa area South-western Nigeria
July 2011
Accumulation of selected trace elements on the surface and sub-soil of the Ife-Ijesa area of southwestern Nigeria was investigated. This was with a view to ascertaining the levels of these elements on some agricultural land that have been receiving chemical fertilizers and pesticides for high crop productivity in the study area. From the nine selected soil types, composite soil samples were taken to the...
Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Agave sisalana Perrine juice (waste)
July 2011
Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the aqueous and methanolic extract of theAgave sisalana Perrine juice (waste) were investigated to evaluate its medicinal properties. The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of saponins, glycosides, phlobatannins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides in the aqueous extract of the A. sisalanaPerrine juice (waste). Steroids were...
Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in soils around the vicinity of automobile mechanic workshops in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
July 2011
The study of heavy metals in environmental niches is essential, especially with their potential toxicity to human life. Metal toxicity depends on chemical associations in soils. For this reason, determining the chemical form of a metal in soils is important to evaluate its mobility and bioavailability. In this manner sequential extraction was used to fractionate seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Fe and...
Occurrence of paraquat residues in some Nigerian crops, vegetables and fruits
July 2011
Pesticides constitute the major source of potential environmental hazard to man and animal, as they are present and concentrated in the food chain. Paraquat (1,11-dimethyl-4,41-bipyridylium dichloride) is one of the most highly toxic herbicide to be marketed over the last 60 years. Although, Paraquat (PQ) has been banned or severely restricted in most countries, its use continues in some, especially in...
Analysis of heavy metals found in vegetables from some cultivated irrigated gardens in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria
June 2011
The use of industrial and domestic wastewaters for irrigation on vegetable gardens is a public health concern. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in four different vegetables, including,spinach, okra, onions and tomatoes, grown in effluent irrigated fields at Sharada, Kwakwachi and Jakara in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Similar...
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