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Groundwater is a valuable natural resource whose quality is vulnerable to natural and man-made pollutants. This study aims to perform a hydrochemical characterization of groundwater resources used for domestic and irrigational activities in Melong (Littoral Cameroon). Thus, 26 subsurface water samples were collected in the dry season (six sampling points) and rainy season (seven sampling points) of the years 2019 and 2020....
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It is believed that since the advent of agriculture, changes in LULC have happened. However, rates, extents and intensities of LULC changes have become more aggravated at all levels. The current study aims to examine the dynamics and perceptions of LULC change in the last four decades (1973-2013) in Aykoleba, Ethiopia using a combination of remote sensing data and the ground truth data. Focus Group Discussions were...
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Floods are the most devastating natural occurrences that affect both natural and manmade features existing on the earth's surface. The study area found in the low laying areas of Amhara Region characterized by intensive human activities, a steep slope, heavy rainfall during summer with high drainage density and dominantly verti soil type, proximity to the river were identified as the main factor increasing flood risk....
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Spillage of oil from various automobile shops poses a serious threat to the environment. Soil contamination through oil spillage contributes to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. This affects soil fertility and soil microbial diversity thereby decreasing its function regarding organic matter decomposition and microbial remediation of toxic contaminant. The study was aimed to examine the effect of spilled engine...
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This research accesses the physical and chemical parameters of MAFFS hand dug well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie Town. The physical parameters such as Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Turbidity, pH, Temperature, Conductivity; and the chemical parameters such as Residual Chlorine, Ammonium, Ammonia, Bromine, Copper, Fluoride, Iron, Nitrite, Potassium, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrogen-Nitrate and...
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The study assessed the adaptive capacity of crop farmers in the six Area Councils of FCT using Geoinformatics. Socio-economic indicators were used to map the adaptive capacity of FCT farmers to climate variability from 1981-2017. The arable crops considered are: yam, beans and maize. The selected climatic variables based on their importance to crop production are: rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and potential...
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Watersheds around Addis Ababa are critically threatened by rapid urbanization expansion. This study aims to explain the rate of urban expansion and interaction with communities around the city. GIS and RS were used to evaluate the Land use and Land cover changes and urban expansion in the last 30 years using Landsat images and selected households. Results revealed that agricultural/bare land increased by 29.02% from 1984...
Briquette Production from Sugar Cane Bagasse and its potential as clean source of energy
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Large quantities of bagasse are regularly accumulated on open spaces around sugar factory thereby endangering fragile ecosystem. The sugar cane bagasse carbonization process can be put in to effect as an environmentally friendly, energy self-providing continuous flow technology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use bagasse for the production of high caloric value briquette to safeguard the environment from...
A Community Perspective of flood occurrence and weather forecasting over Kampala City
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Weather and climate issues have become increasingly recognized among the global challenges especially in the era of climate change. Kampala city has faced a number of flooding events in the past that have led to serious damages in many low lying areas of the city. A study was conducted in one of the flood prone areas in Kampala city to understand the community perspectives on flood occurrence and weather forecasting in the...
IMPACT OF MINING ON ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, KENYA
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Research on the impacts of mining on the environment was conducted on nine purposive selected mining sites in Kamtonga and Mkuki, Taita Taveta County, Kenya. The FOLCHI method was adopted to quantify the environmental impact of mining activities in gemstone mining sites. The affected environment surrounding the pits was broken down into three components such as Topography, Vegetation and Air. The effect of the three...
Increase Soil Condensation Capacity for Agricultural Purposes
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The issue of water scarcity in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a major dilemma. The amount of moisture for plants is not comparable to rain, but in arid areas, it is a huge contribution to plant water supply. In this research, the effect of using Peltier to improve soil condensation by performing several tests was studied in order to investigate the possibility of increasing soil...
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In this study, healthcare waste (HCW) generated in four referral hospitals in Tanzania namely: Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Bugando Medical Center (BMC) and Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH) was characterized to establish its feasibility for energy recovery. The HCW collected and loaded into the incinerators was weighed and its composition determined (as highly...
CLIMATE MODELS BIASES AND CORRECTION METHODS EVALUATION IN MOUHOUN RIVER BASIN, BURKINA FASO
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Projected climate change in the Sahel region could strongly affect water resource availability and further compromise food security. Like other Sahelian countries, water resources in Burkina Faso face this threat. This study evaluates five precipitation bias correction methods on climate models outputs in the Mouhoun river basin. Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) products merged with Comité...
Analysis of the influence of precipitation patterns on wetland sizes in South-Eastern Zimbabwe
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In this paper, the hypothesis that rainfall variability has an impact on wetland loss is tested. There is limited research in Zimbabwe that recognises the influence of rainfall variability on wetland loss. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of rainfall variability on wetland size over time. Topographical maps, for the period 1972 to 2008, provided data on wetland locations and their changes in size...
HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES OF RIBB WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA
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The analysis examined the Covering the surface within the catchment and its effect on the catchment's hydrological responses. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2009) model was wont to investigate the impact of land cover change on hydrological responses of the study area. Sensitivity analysis result shown SCN curve number (CN), Soil Evaporation Compensation Factor (ESCO), Soil Depth (m) (Sol_Z), Threshold water...
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Introduction: Solid waste management is a cosmopolitan environmental problem confronting humanities and metropolitan authorities by contributing 80% of all diseases and related mortality. There is low commitment in managing urban environmental issues. Consequently, Solid waste disposal is an important environmental area of concern since information is barely available in the study area. Objective: To measure solid waste...
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Wetlands are one of the world’s most important environmental assets which experience complex challenges. Wetlands’ sustainability require meaningful participation of the riparian communities in their management, yet this remains a challenge. Yala Wetland is a very important resource whose key challenges revolve around land and water resource use for competing interests and from catchment degradation. Consequently,...
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Effective community participation in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Land Use Planning (LUP) is key to wetlands’ sustainable management. Yala Wetland key challenges of land and water resource use for competing interests prompted Siaya and Busia County Governments to initiate preparation a LUP/SEA to resolve these and enable it to sustainably support local residents’ livelihoods and protect its ecological...
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Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in two vegetables (cabbage and potatoes) were determined and the potential health risks due to the consumption of the vegetables were estimated. Mean concentrations of Zn (134.0+5.62 mg/kg), As (0.12+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.32+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage from Biological Lagoon area and Zn (103.0+8.34 mg/kg), As (0.14+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.31+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage...
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Nanomaterial assisted removal of pollutants from water has got great attention. This study aimed to evaluate the removal of nitrate using zeolite and zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite. Zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanomaterials were determined using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and its chemical composition was determined using AAS. The results revealed that;...
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Climate variability and change is the significant environmental and global threat of the current century. This study analyzed variability and time series trend analysis of climate from 1981-2018 and local people’s perception towards climate change in Janamora Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Primary data was collected through a household survey from 138 respondents selected by multi-stage sampling method. Secondary data was...
Evaluation of outdoor human thermal comfort conditions in selected streets of Nairobi City's Centre
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This paper evaluated the outdoor human thermal comfort conditions for urban heat island management in Nairobi city. Environmental parameters were measured at microclimatic and instantaneous scales on a typical summer day in Nairobi City's Centre's selected streets. The RayMan software package and ENVI-met v4.0 BETA model were used to evaluate both measured and simulated physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) to...
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The creation of an information system for various facilities is crucial as it is a vital instrument for effective urban management, esp. in the areas of monitoring the state of such facilities to ensure adequate maintenance, ease of access, etc. This paper focuses on how Remote Sensing and other modern techniques can aid in developing a Buildings’ Information System (BIS) for the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. It...
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Water samples labeled A, B, C, D and E from five different boreholes in Unwana were analyzed to assess the level of toxicity and essential trace elements present. The results obtained showed slight variation in temperature for all the samples, having sample B, recording the highest values of 28 oC. As for pH, sample B recorded a pH of 6.58 which lies within the limits recommended by WHO. For the trace metals, Cd(II),...
Effectiveness of the Implementation of Plastic Bags Ban: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of plastic bags ban in Nakuru town, Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised of 500 traders in Nakuru retail market located in Central Business District. Stratified sampling techniques were used to pick a sample size of 167...
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Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilizationof the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the...
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This study was undertaken to identify and assess climate change vulnerabilities and impacts on the livelihoods of forest dependent communities in Mambioko community forest in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Primary data was collected from 120 households; key informants, focus group discussions and was supplemented with secondary data from desk review of relevant literature. Forest resources were generally perceived by...
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This research was conducted aiming at addressing environmental quality by assessing the waste discharging practices of households, identifying the most significant variables affecting willingness to pay for urban solid waste management and the cost that can be saved because of the improvement in waste management techniques in Mizan-Aman town. Contingent valuation coupled with logistic regression method of analysis was...
Socio-economic and health status of rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia
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Rag pickers are people who collect recyclable and reusable materials from mixed wastes in cities. A cross sectional survey on socio economic and health status among randomly selected rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Ethiopia was done during 2019. The study showed that all rag pickers were males with age of 19 to 25 years and 60% of them were educated up to secondary level. They worked continuously for 12...
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Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, becoming naturalized in some areas. Jatropha curcas is a non-edible oil crop predominantly used to produce bio-diesel. The seeds contain 27-40% oil (average: 34.4%) that can be processed to...
ASSESSMENT OF OPEN DEFECATION IN KWAHU AFRAM PLAINS SOUTH DISTRICT, GHANA
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This study examined the barriers to open defecation (OD) free in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana. A combination of diverse tools was used to collect the data (in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observation), different means was adopted in selecting the participants. Much of the time in the early stages of the field work spent having interactions with various groups within the community....
Consequences of crude oil pollution on the Niger Delta Environment
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The consequence of crude oil pollution on the sediments in the mangrove rhizosphere in the Niger Delta environment was examined in this study. Propagules of Rhizophora racemosa name of the author of species (red mangrove) were sown in plastic buckets containing 10 kg sediment, polluted with different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of Bonny light crude oil, on weight/volume basis. Sediment samples from these...
Spectral predictions of rainfall extreme event in Eastern Ethiopia
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Ethiopia is one of the countries whose economy is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and is also facing recurring cycles of flood and drought. Climate variability imposes a significant challenge in the country. Consequently, this paper intends to predict the frequency of extreme rainfall in Eastern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, and spectrum analysis were used for analyzing 71 year annual rainfall data obtained...
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The distribution of inorganic nutrient salts (NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4 and SiO4) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea coast, Yemen. Seventy tw72o surface water samples were collected during cruises in August 2014 and January 2015. The sampled area extends from As suqayyah in the west of Gulf of Aden to Hawf in the east. The study showed that the average values of nutrient...
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Background: An increase in the urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In Ethiopia, this waste is eventually thrown into open dump sites. It can causes severe impact on soil and surface water quality. As a result, it can be the probable source of human health risk through food chain. Therefore, this study was...
Securing Land Rights: Geomatics Approach
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Most lands in Africa are claimed and managed by indigenous peoples and local communities. But it is disheartening that most African governments do not seem to recognize the rights of these customary land owners. This will give room for the proliferation of poverty, rights abuses, land grabs and land disputes. Securing land rights has been a priority of the international development sector for decades, Nigeria not being an...
Soil Nutrient Variations Between Soil Depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) Around Cement Factories, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust pollution fields has been assessed. A total of 72 soil samples from 0-20cm &...
Examining the reduction of oil pollutants in the soil by biological methods
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The increase in the use of fossil fuels to meet the energy needs by the industries has led to pollution and tensions in the environment. By entering to water, oil, and weather ecosystems, pollution from the use of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) has led to irreparable damage to the health of humans, living organisms and the environment. Thus, the reduction of pollutants from the entry of these compounds into the environment...
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Dumpsite waste pickers face stigma, harassment and exposure to occupational health and safety risk factors despite their important role in waste materials recycling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors that the pickers were exposed to and their impacts, level of awareness on occupational health and safety and its relationship with waste recovery practices. The population of the study comprised the...
Climate Change Effect on Crops Performance with a focus on Cereals: a Review
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As climate change has demonstrated a variable effect in different part of the world, its effect is severe in the developing world. Climate change, the ambient weather factors are becoming beyond the suitability ranges, is imposing a negative effect on the adaptation and production of the crops. This is because of variability and change in precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, CO2 concentration, thereby, leading to...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a cyclonic scrubber in a simultaneous removal of suspended particles and SO2 from the warm airflow in factories extracting lead. At first, the sampling from the suspended particles and SO2 gases exhausted from the chimneys was carried out before applying the filtration system. Then, the cyclone scrubber system was designed based on the pressure, velocity and...
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It is well known that weather conditions could aggravate factors for climate-sensitive disease. This paper assesses on the effects of extreme temperature and rainfall events on human health in Addis Ababa City. Health statistics of different seasons were utilized for the assessment of health impact on urban population in Addis Ababa. Surface temperatures pattern were analyzed to investigate the urban warming effect....
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practice in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia
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Solid Waste is unwanted materials generated from different sources. The objective of the study was exploring major solid waste and management in Wolkite town. The data was collecting using primary data through questionnaires, structure and semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The analysis of this work was carried out using quantitative description. Data on frequency distribution of solid waste in Wolkite...
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The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the analysis of the relationship that occurs between the occurrence of disasters, the level of development and the need for a sustainable development style as a framework strategy for comprehensive risk management. The so-called natural disasters are not in essence natural, but only triggered by natural events such as floods or earthquakes; the disaster itself is a social...
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This study focused on the comparative evaluation of the potentials of exotic and indigenous breed hen eggshell powder as an adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) ion from textile wastewater. The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH and solution temperature were investigated in a batch process and evaluated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were adsorbent dose of 6g, contact time of 3 h,...
APPLICATION OF TRACERS IN GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY
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Laboratory study was carried out to investigate the effect of acidic and alkaline characteristics of groundwater medium on three tracers (rhodamine B, eosin and potassium dichromate) commonly used for groundwater investigations. This is with the view of improving the criterion used in the selection of tracers for groundwater investigations. The factors considered are: the maximum tracer concentration, Cmax, which could be...
Evaluation of a poultry litter pelleting machine
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In this study a designed and fabricated single screw pelleting machine was evaluated for the production of poultry litter pellets. The design of the components (hopper, barrel, screw auger, dies) of the poultry litter pelleter was done using standard engineering procedures. The poultry litter obtained from a local farm was air-dried, milled and rewetted to the moisture content required for the experiment. Performance...
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An analysis of the vegetation and soil relations in a mixed Tree Bush Savannah (TBS) of Mushandike Wildlife Sanctuary within Tokwe Mukorsi dam basin of Zimbabwe is presented. The objective of this study was to ascertain some perceptible Colophospermun mopane species found in low lying arid or semi arid areas on granite to confirm its indicator value for sodic soils in Zimbabwe. Enumeration and measurements of species along...
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Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity managements in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective...
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Neutral temperature determination study conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings of Jimma town, south-west Ethiopia. 98 residential buildings were systematically selected and the questionnaire was administrated to adult residents in each of selected buildings. They were asked about their thermal sensation for consecutive seven days at living rooms in the morning, afternoon, evening and night times and their...
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