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The detailed sedimentary study of the deposit sequences of the ancient hominid sector (SahelanthropustchadensisalisToumaï) of Toros-Menalla, presented here addresses new aspects of the sedimentary geology of the Chad Basin through an original field study of Moi- sediments. Pliocene of the northern basin of CHAD. This is an original contribution that sheds light on new knowledge of sedimentary series of fluvio-lacustrine...
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Hydropower is cost effective environment friendly and worldwide proven sustainable energy source. Driven by streamflow stream flows, it is vulnerable to climate change and land use change. The hydropower production from the two-existing run-of-river hydropower projects on the Sondu Miriu river are vulnerable to rainfall variability and requires proper understanding of the climate change trends and policies to support...
Uroclhoa mosambincensis A POTENTIAL NATIVE PHYTOREMEDIATOR FOR SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH ARSENIC
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Industrial development has caused the contamination of the environment, leading to biodiversity loss and human health concerns. The use of native plants and/or their associated microbiota is a sustainable solution for reducing or transforming contaminants into less harmful forms. We aimed to evaluate the remedial potential of Uroclhoa mosambincensis in soils contaminated with arsenic. In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings...
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The performance of a healthcare waste Pyrotec Model 8 incinerator at Muhimbili national referral hospital in Dar es Salaam - Tanzania was investigated using two different types of healthcare wastes namely sharps waste and other waste (mass/weight) and as fractions. The other independent factor used in the investigation was diesel oil consumption. The Pyrotec Model 8 incinerator performance was evaluated by determining how...
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Awash River is considered as most important river for the surrounding community, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic activities. Thus, the present study was investigated about the pollution status of Cr, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Pb and their ecological risk in aquatic system of Awash River. Water and sediment samples were collected from selected sampling sites of the river and its tributaries and samples were analyzed. The...
Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Mango fruits grown in Kasese district, Uganda
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Fruits are a good source of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals. In this study, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as the soil and irrigation water used in fruit growing were analysed for heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). The mango fruits and soil samples were obtained from three sites; Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council (MLTC) and...
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This study investigated the use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at household-level application. It involved experimental setups for biogas purification in two different runs, 4L activated EM and 1 L dormant EM by bubbling biogas through EM purification units. Biogas composition was analyzed using an industry-standard biogas analyzer. The results indicated that EM has the...
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This research was carried out to investigate the physicochemical parameters of livestock drinking water samples collected from Falfal, Degehabur and Bulale areas in Somali regional state of Ethiopia. The objective of this research was to analyze the physicochemical parameters of water ponds used for livestock drink. The result was recorded that, the pH, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solid and Total hardness was 7.17±0.03,...
Pollution Assessment of Light Rare Earth Metals in Sediments of the Ogun River
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This research was aimed at determining the concentrations of light earth metals in sediments of the Ogun River as well as their pollution and contamination status. Sediment samples collected using a graduated hand held sediment grab were stored in polythene bags and transported to the laboratory in an ice chested cooler. At the laboratory, the sediment samples were air dried, pulverized and sieved. Induced Couple Plasma...
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The assessment of solid waste characterization in Keffi Local Government Area in view of adopting biogas technology for solid waste management was carried out. This was achieved through assessment of the quantity of solid waste generation and the composition in the study area. Materials used for data collection are weighing scale, waste bins and questionnaire. Stratified and systematic samplings were used to select...
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The assumption that borehole water is safe for drinking purpose was verified by empirical study of the physico-chemical properties of borehole water in Gwagwalada Area Council Abuja, Nigeria. The physico-chemical properties of borehole water were anaysed and compared with regulatory standards for drinking purpose. Fifteen samples were collected from five purposely selected wards (Dobi, Ibwa, Tungan-Maje, Zuba and Ikwa) in...
Improving future temperature projections with bias correction methods in Lake of Guiers/Senegal
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Climate models are generally used to evaluate the climate change impacts. However, they have important biases at the regional or local scales. This study evaluates the future temperature projections in Lake of Guiers/Senegal. For this, we used the daily maximum and minimum temperature from the ensemble mean of five (5) CORDEX (Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment) regional climate models (RCMs) under the...
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With time population and needs have changed many folds and at the same time researchers endeavored to enhance resources and their productivities world over. There have been some noble innovations of universal applications and bring fast improvement in the situations. Objective of the present study was to collate innovations which improve different sectors of needs in Burkina Faso, where socio-economic condition has worsen...
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN THE BIOMONITORING OF A NIGERIAN COASTAL WATER
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Most coastal waters are exposed to high influx of pollutants due to the obvious elevated human activities. In order to adequately evaluate the extent of toxicity of contaminants in the ecosystem, and their synergistic effects, marine ecologists prefer biomonitoring to chemical approach. The benthic macroinvertebrates, due to their sedentary mode of life and residence at the sediment-water microcosm, are regarded as the...
2.2’-DIPHENIC ACID: A RELIABLE BIOMARKER OF PHENANTHRENE BIODEGRADATION
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Phenanthrene is among the 16 priority pollutants thus its mitigation in the environment has been a global concern. It serves as a model compound for the biodegradation study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because it has both the Bay- and K-region found in most PAH pollutants. Like other PAH pollutants, different means are available for its remediation in the environment, including microbial biodegradation. The...
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Floods are the most devastating natural occurrences that affect both natural and manmade features existing on the earth's surface. The study area found in the low laying areas of Amhara Region characterized by intensive human activities, a steep slope, heavy rainfall during summer with high drainage density and dominantly verti soil type, proximity to the river were identified as the main factor increasing flood risk....
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The study assessed the adaptive capacity of crop farmers in the six Area Councils of FCT using Geoinformatics. Socio-economic indicators were used to map the adaptive capacity of FCT farmers to climate variability from 1981-2017. The arable crops considered are: yam, beans and maize. The selected climatic variables based on their importance to crop production are: rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and potential...
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Watersheds around Addis Ababa are critically threatened by rapid urbanization expansion. This study aims to explain the rate of urban expansion and interaction with communities around the city. GIS and RS were used to evaluate the Land use and Land cover changes and urban expansion in the last 30 years using Landsat images and selected households. Results revealed that agricultural/bare land increased by 29.02% from 1984...
Briquette Production from Sugar Cane Bagasse and its potential as clean source of energy
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Large quantities of bagasse are regularly accumulated on open spaces around sugar factory thereby endangering fragile ecosystem. The sugar cane bagasse carbonization process can be put in to effect as an environmentally friendly, energy self-providing continuous flow technology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use bagasse for the production of high caloric value briquette to safeguard the environment from...
A Community Perspective of flood occurrence and weather forecasting over Kampala City
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Weather and climate issues have become increasingly recognized among the global challenges especially in the era of climate change. Kampala city has faced a number of flooding events in the past that have led to serious damages in many low lying areas of the city. A study was conducted in one of the flood prone areas in Kampala city to understand the community perspectives on flood occurrence and weather forecasting in the...
IMPACT OF MINING ON ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, KENYA
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Research on the impacts of mining on the environment was conducted on nine purposive selected mining sites in Kamtonga and Mkuki, Taita Taveta County, Kenya. The FOLCHI method was adopted to quantify the environmental impact of mining activities in gemstone mining sites. The affected environment surrounding the pits was broken down into three components such as Topography, Vegetation and Air. The effect of the three...
Increase Soil Condensation Capacity for Agricultural Purposes
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The issue of water scarcity in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a major dilemma. The amount of moisture for plants is not comparable to rain, but in arid areas, it is a huge contribution to plant water supply. In this research, the effect of using Peltier to improve soil condensation by performing several tests was studied in order to investigate the possibility of increasing soil...
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In this study, healthcare waste (HCW) generated in four referral hospitals in Tanzania namely: Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Bugando Medical Center (BMC) and Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH) was characterized to establish its feasibility for energy recovery. The HCW collected and loaded into the incinerators was weighed and its composition determined (as highly...
CLIMATE MODELS BIASES AND CORRECTION METHODS EVALUATION IN MOUHOUN RIVER BASIN, BURKINA FASO
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Projected climate change in the Sahel region could strongly affect water resource availability and further compromise food security. Like other Sahelian countries, water resources in Burkina Faso face this threat. This study evaluates five precipitation bias correction methods on climate models outputs in the Mouhoun river basin. Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) products merged with Comité...
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In the countries underdeveloped in particular in medium rural, the subsoil waters constitute an invaluable resource but they remain fragile and vulnerable because of the demographic pressure, of the uncontrolled exploitation of the discharges, the absence of system of adequate cleansing and of husbandries. This present work aims to evaluate physicochemical and metal quality waters of 10 wells collecting the ground water of...
HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES OF RIBB WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA
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The analysis examined the Covering the surface within the catchment and its effect on the catchment's hydrological responses. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2009) model was wont to investigate the impact of land cover change on hydrological responses of the study area. Sensitivity analysis result shown SCN curve number (CN), Soil Evaporation Compensation Factor (ESCO), Soil Depth (m) (Sol_Z), Threshold water...
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Introduction: Solid waste management is a cosmopolitan environmental problem confronting humanities and metropolitan authorities by contributing 80% of all diseases and related mortality. There is low commitment in managing urban environmental issues. Consequently, Solid waste disposal is an important environmental area of concern since information is barely available in the study area. Objective: To measure solid waste...
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Wetlands are one of the world’s most important environmental assets which experience complex challenges. Wetlands’ sustainability require meaningful participation of the riparian communities in their management, yet this remains a challenge. Yala Wetland is a very important resource whose key challenges revolve around land and water resource use for competing interests and from catchment degradation. Consequently,...
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Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in two vegetables (cabbage and potatoes) were determined and the potential health risks due to the consumption of the vegetables were estimated. Mean concentrations of Zn (134.0+5.62 mg/kg), As (0.12+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.32+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage from Biological Lagoon area and Zn (103.0+8.34 mg/kg), As (0.14+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.31+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage...
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Nanomaterial assisted removal of pollutants from water has got great attention. This study aimed to evaluate the removal of nitrate using zeolite and zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite. Zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanomaterials were determined using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and its chemical composition was determined using AAS. The results revealed that;...
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Climate variability and change is the significant environmental and global threat of the current century. This study analyzed variability and time series trend analysis of climate from 1981-2018 and local people’s perception towards climate change in Janamora Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Primary data was collected through a household survey from 138 respondents selected by multi-stage sampling method. Secondary data was...
Evaluation of outdoor human thermal comfort conditions in selected streets of Nairobi City's Centre
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This paper evaluated the outdoor human thermal comfort conditions for urban heat island management in Nairobi city. Environmental parameters were measured at microclimatic and instantaneous scales on a typical summer day in Nairobi City's Centre's selected streets. The RayMan software package and ENVI-met v4.0 BETA model were used to evaluate both measured and simulated physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) to...
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Water samples labeled A, B, C, D and E from five different boreholes in Unwana were analyzed to assess the level of toxicity and essential trace elements present. The results obtained showed slight variation in temperature for all the samples, having sample B, recording the highest values of 28 oC. As for pH, sample B recorded a pH of 6.58 which lies within the limits recommended by WHO. For the trace metals, Cd(II),...
Effectiveness of the Implementation of Plastic Bags Ban: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of plastic bags ban in Nakuru town, Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised of 500 traders in Nakuru retail market located in Central Business District. Stratified sampling techniques were used to pick a sample size of 167...
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This study was undertaken to identify and assess climate change vulnerabilities and impacts on the livelihoods of forest dependent communities in Mambioko community forest in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Primary data was collected from 120 households; key informants, focus group discussions and was supplemented with secondary data from desk review of relevant literature. Forest resources were generally perceived by...
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This research was conducted aiming at addressing environmental quality by assessing the waste discharging practices of households, identifying the most significant variables affecting willingness to pay for urban solid waste management and the cost that can be saved because of the improvement in waste management techniques in Mizan-Aman town. Contingent valuation coupled with logistic regression method of analysis was...
Socio-economic and health status of rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia
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Rag pickers are people who collect recyclable and reusable materials from mixed wastes in cities. A cross sectional survey on socio economic and health status among randomly selected rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Ethiopia was done during 2019. The study showed that all rag pickers were males with age of 19 to 25 years and 60% of them were educated up to secondary level. They worked continuously for 12...
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Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, becoming naturalized in some areas. Jatropha curcas is a non-edible oil crop predominantly used to produce bio-diesel. The seeds contain 27-40% oil (average: 34.4%) that can be processed to...
Consequences of crude oil pollution on the Niger Delta Environment
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The consequence of crude oil pollution on the sediments in the mangrove rhizosphere in the Niger Delta environment was examined in this study. Propagules of Rhizophora racemosa name of the author of species (red mangrove) were sown in plastic buckets containing 10 kg sediment, polluted with different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of Bonny light crude oil, on weight/volume basis. Sediment samples from these...
Spectral predictions of rainfall extreme event in Eastern Ethiopia
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Ethiopia is one of the countries whose economy is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and is also facing recurring cycles of flood and drought. Climate variability imposes a significant challenge in the country. Consequently, this paper intends to predict the frequency of extreme rainfall in Eastern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, and spectrum analysis were used for analyzing 71 year annual rainfall data obtained...
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The distribution of inorganic nutrient salts (NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4 and SiO4) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea coast, Yemen. Seventy tw72o surface water samples were collected during cruises in August 2014 and January 2015. The sampled area extends from As suqayyah in the west of Gulf of Aden to Hawf in the east. The study showed that the average values of nutrient...
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Background: An increase in the urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In Ethiopia, this waste is eventually thrown into open dump sites. It can causes severe impact on soil and surface water quality. As a result, it can be the probable source of human health risk through food chain. Therefore, this study was...
Securing Land Rights: Geomatics Approach
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Most lands in Africa are claimed and managed by indigenous peoples and local communities. But it is disheartening that most African governments do not seem to recognize the rights of these customary land owners. This will give room for the proliferation of poverty, rights abuses, land grabs and land disputes. Securing land rights has been a priority of the international development sector for decades, Nigeria not being an...
Soil Nutrient Variations Between Soil Depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) Around Cement Factories, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust pollution fields has been assessed. A total of 72 soil samples from 0-20cm &...
Examining the reduction of oil pollutants in the soil by biological methods
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The increase in the use of fossil fuels to meet the energy needs by the industries has led to pollution and tensions in the environment. By entering to water, oil, and weather ecosystems, pollution from the use of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) has led to irreparable damage to the health of humans, living organisms and the environment. Thus, the reduction of pollutants from the entry of these compounds into the environment...
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Dumpsite waste pickers face stigma, harassment and exposure to occupational health and safety risk factors despite their important role in waste materials recycling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors that the pickers were exposed to and their impacts, level of awareness on occupational health and safety and its relationship with waste recovery practices. The population of the study comprised the...
Climate Change Effect on Crops Performance with a focus on Cereals: a Review
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As climate change has demonstrated a variable effect in different part of the world, its effect is severe in the developing world. Climate change, the ambient weather factors are becoming beyond the suitability ranges, is imposing a negative effect on the adaptation and production of the crops. This is because of variability and change in precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, CO2 concentration, thereby, leading to...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a cyclonic scrubber in a simultaneous removal of suspended particles and SO2 from the warm airflow in factories extracting lead. At first, the sampling from the suspended particles and SO2 gases exhausted from the chimneys was carried out before applying the filtration system. Then, the cyclone scrubber system was designed based on the pressure, velocity and...
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It is well known that weather conditions could aggravate factors for climate-sensitive disease. This paper assesses on the effects of extreme temperature and rainfall events on human health in Addis Ababa City. Health statistics of different seasons were utilized for the assessment of health impact on urban population in Addis Ababa. Surface temperatures pattern were analyzed to investigate the urban warming effect....
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practice in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia
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Solid Waste is unwanted materials generated from different sources. The objective of the study was exploring major solid waste and management in Wolkite town. The data was collecting using primary data through questionnaires, structure and semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The analysis of this work was carried out using quantitative description. Data on frequency distribution of solid waste in Wolkite...
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