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SHORT TERM WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VAMANAPURAM RIVER, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA
The study was carried out in Vamanapuram River, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India to assess the water quality for domestic purposes between February and July, 2017. Fifteen physico-chemical parameters of water were estimated and qualitative and quantitative studies of algae were made. Low values of DO (3.0 - 3.97 mg/l) and high BOD (12.0 - 15.0 mg/l) indicate high level of organic pollution in the river. The...
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The purpose of the study was to quantify waste content in faecal sludge using an appropriate method and characterise the solid wastes inherent with the faecal sludge into categories. A total of eight (8) domestic pit-latrines were analysed in the peri-urban area of Kanyama Settlement in Lusaka from July to October, 2018. From each latrine, three (03) samples were obtained for analysis of solid waste and sand/grit...
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Land degradation has become a global concern that requires countries to undertake immediate measures to mitigate the situation. In agrarian communities, the causal factors and rate of land degradation differs with sites and livelihood system. The objective of the current study was to assess land management in respect to activities of livestock keeping in the Ruvu and Zigi river basins in eastern Tanzania. The two basins...
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Obviously, there is land-use/cover change with multifaceted driving factors and associated adverse impacts out there in different parts of Ethiopia. Evidence from published journals justifies this fact but not yet compiled in a manner to convey information on the trend of change and its criticality with the aim to handle the problems. Thus, filing up all the driving factors and its adverse out come from different corners...
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It is very precious to get clean and enough potable water supply in many parts of the Afar region in Ethiopia. Most of the Afar population living condition is nomadic and cattle based agriculture, hence move from place to place to search hay and food for their cattle. They settle, most of the time, along the periphery of the rivers. Lots of governmental and non-governmental organizations, like Kelem Ethiopia, are...
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Crude Oil Polluted Soil Remediation Using Poultry Dung (Chicken Manure)
Remediating crude oil polluted soil in developing countries by environment-friendly approach has attracted scientific interest. Sampled crude oil and poultry dung was obtained from oil pit and farm in Warri, Delta State. 500g/kg of crude oil polluted soil was weighed into four different containers labeled A, B, C and D, the soil was amended with the application of sundried poultry manure at various weights of 50g/kg,...
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A view of road transport in Africa
Transport sector is usually divided into four main modes: road, air, maritime and rail modes. In sub-Sahara Africa, road appears as the dominant mode. Railways were developed during the colonial period but almost abandoned since the independence in most countries. Air transport once seen as sign of economic prosperity and instrument of sovereignty is far from being competitive. Maritime transport is mainly on coastal...
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Exergy consumption analysis of the transportation sector of Senegal
Exergy analysis has become widely recognized and adopted as a powerful tool for physical and engineering systems analysis. In this paper, it was applied to transportation modes. Transport is second after the residential sector in Senegal when it comes to energy consumption and relies on imported fossil fuels. In 2013, it consumed around 32 PJ which represented 30% of total energy consumed in the country. Exergy use...
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Biological monitoring and assessment studies due to urban--road pollutants were carried out using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants. Four plant (leaf) parameters--namely ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content and leaf extract pH were combined together in a formulation signifying the APTI of plants. APTI was calculated for five different shrub species viz. Bougainvillea glabra, Duranta...
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Abatement of Crude oil Polluted Soils Using Some Agricultural Wastes
This study was on the effect of ameliorated treatment of crude oil-polluted soils on the physicochemical properties of the soil. Top soil (0-25cm depth) was randomly collected from three points bulked to form composite soil sample. Six kilogrammes each of dried soil was weighed into plastic buckets. The soils contained in the plastic buckets were polluted with 0.3 litres of crude oil. The following amendments: groundnut...
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ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL OF MECHANIC WORKSHOPS ALONG AIRPORT ROAD, ABUJA
Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu, were determined in topsoil collected from Gosa, Sabon-Lugbe, Aco and Lugbe Auto mechanic workshops along airport road, Abuja, Nigeria, using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method with a view to determining the level of contamination of the areas with the heavy metals. Average values of the heavy metals in (ppm) for all sample locations ( Gosa, Lugbe, Aco and Sabon-Lugbe)...
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VALORIZATION OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL AND CHEMICAL
Conventional production of platform chemicals from fossil fuel has two major disadvantages. It exerts pressure on the depleting world fossil-fuel resources and posses enormous environmental threat. Lignocellulosic materials such as wood wastes are potential resources for the production of chemicals and biofuels. Forest/Agricultural wastes are cheap, renewable and their conversion to bio-based chemicals contributes to green...
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This paper deals with the Physical and Chemical parameters of Abaya Lake water body before and after it outflow through wet Land. Water samples were collected from two stations of Lake Abaya around Lante village and at the south-western end of the Lake after outflow through wetland. Physical and chemical Parameters such as water temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity, chlorophyll a, total dissolved solids,...
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In this article, we study modified nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) by nano manganese oxide (Mn3O4) as adsorbent material to remove iron ions from groundwater. Different parameters were studied to option optimum conditions of removing such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, a dosage of adsorbent, agitation speed and temperature. Kinetics studies included first order (R2= 0.915), pseudo-first order (R2 = 0.936), second...
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A good knowledge of fuel characteristics is a major asset for their acceptability and their diffusion. The present research is intended to be a contribution to a comparative study of the combustible briquettes locally produced using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The physicochemical characterization of the briquettes was carried out by the determination of the moisture content, dry matter, volatile organic matter, fixed...
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The review investigates phytoremediation as an alternative environmentally-friendly method of cleaning and restoring hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Phytoremediation is a ‘green’ technology that exploits the natural ability of green plants to remove, degrade or suppress contaminants in soils, sludges, sediments, surface-water and ground-water in an ecologically-friendly manner. Its processes are stimulated by sunlight and...
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The rain fed crop production is inherently sensitive to climate variability and change. This research aimed to investigate the trend of climate variability and change and examine its impact on rain fed crop production in the Lokka Abaya District. For this purpose, 190 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique from four villages. To collect data, interview schedule, key informant interview and focus group...
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Linking Spatial and Temporal Scales to Socio-economic Drivers of Land Use Land Cover Change
Urban land cover changes represent a response to socioeconomic, political, demographic, and environmental conditions. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology that will integrate socio-economic factors on driving forces generated by residents’ and experts’ opinions in order to provide scientific basis and a broader input for establishing Transition Probability matrix than spatio-temporal input than relying only on...
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Wetland restoration success is dependent on the likeness of both structure and function of the restored wetland systems comparable to reference sites. Assessing the success of restoration is reliant on the monitoring and evaluation of the restored system overtime as was done with Nakyesanja, a restored wetland, and Kiryagonja, a referenced natural wetland in Wakiso District, Uganda. The objectives of this study were to...
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Estimation of carbon dioxide emissions from rice field of Muvumba P-8 marshland in Rwanda
Globally wetlands appear as a significant source of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission. Rwanda is facing a new challenge of emission of CO2 gases from the rice fields and there is lack of sufficient data showing how it affects the environment. The objective of this paper is to estimate the CO2 gas emissions in different time of the day to determine maximum and minimum CO2 gas emissions from the rice field. An experiment was...
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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN DOMESTIC WATERS IN FOUR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
BACKGROUND: The study determined the concentrations of lead, arsenic, cadmium, zinc and copper in domestic water samples in four Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria. This was with a view of providing information on the quality and safety of domestic waters from wells and boreholes in the study areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred water samples were collected from wells and boreholes in four Local...
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This study was conducted in Aysaita, Afar Regional State of Ethiopia. The study used simple random sampling to select 153 respondents in the study area. In addition, focus group discusion in each kebeles were made with 7 members in the group having the elderly, rich, medium and poor men and women included. While secondary data were collected from project report at districts level. The key informant interview included...
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ABSTRACT This study shows the effect of adsorbent dosage and contact time of activated carbon produced from palm kernel for adsorption of lead. Investigation shows that adsorption of lead by the activated palm kernel reached a maximum after 132 minutes where 67% of lead in the solution was adsorbed. This occurred at an activated carbon concentration of 0.5g/l. Generally, adsorption rate was shown to increase with increase...
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Solid Waste Management Practices and Challenges: The Case of Halaba Town in Southern Ethiopia
Solid waste, which is a consequence of day-to-day activity of human kind, needs to be managed properly. Due to rapid increase in urbanization and population, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Halaba town is also increasing due to which the town is facing several difficulties in providing proper solid waste management services to its population. Accordingly, the objective of this particular study was to assess...
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Globally, wetlands are recognized as the most productive ecosystems due to sustaining a wide range of biodiversity and for providing goods and services to nearby communities. The study was carried out in three wetlands in Ethiopia; namely, Adele, Teneke and Haramaya. The data was collected from January 2016 to May 2016 in the villages which are in proximity to the wetlands to determine the degree of dependency on the...
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Among the crops that can potentially be used to provide the raw material needed for liquid biofuel production Jatropha curcas L. is the one that generates most interest in many development projects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the production and development of 3-year-old Jatropha curcas L. seedlings in 2012. The results showed that after three years of planting, subsoiling and provenance have no effect on growth...
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Iglas and Beswan are the towns in Aligarh district in of Uttar Pradesh, India. These are located along Aligarh- Mathura high way at 24 kms from Aligarh. These are located at 27°43’ N 77°56’ E. It has an average elevation of 178 meters. The town area extends from Karban River (towards Mathura) to old Canal (towards Aligarh).In the present study Groundwater samples were collected from Iglas and Beswan town. The samples were...
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This study assessed the vulnerability of biophysical and socio-economic systems to the impacts of climate change and variability with particular emphasis on gender, age and marginalized groups using household survey. The study was carried out within the Mau Forest Complex, Narok County in Kenya where the sample size was calculated based on probability proportional to estimated size. Proportionate stratified multistage...
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Analysis of Regional Flood frequency and its Socio-economic impact in Ethiopia
Flood is the major catastrophic phenomena that induce a significant impact on human life and property. As seminal papers indicated that it is a common problem in Ethiopia; however, its frequency and magnitude had increased rapidly in the last half century. Methods were developed like Flood frequency curves in order relate magnitude of peak flow with return period. The conventional way of flood frequency analysis was...
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FOREST LANDSCAPE MODELING FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Ikere forest reserve is a State owned forest estate and has experienced changes in its landscape pattern. Therefore, this study is set to assess the dynamic characteristics of the forest reserve landscape between 1985 and 2017 using remote sensing data and spatial metrics. Landscape of the study area maintained complex patterns of spatial heterogeneity over throughout the years. Forest cover loss to other land cover types...
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KINETICS OF PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION BY Ca/Cr LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE
Kinetics of phosphate adsorption by Ca/Cr Layered double hydroxide (LDH) in a batch reactor was investigated in this study. The kinetic experiments indicated that the sorption of phosphate from the synthetic feed solution by the synthesised LDH was very fast, with over 98% removal being achieved within 5 min of contact. Kinetic modeling of the sorption process to different kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second...
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Renewable energies Management of World Energy Resources: What Choices for the Future?
The energy enables technical innovations, health, agricultural and transport progress. The economic and social development and the energy production are linked, although some energy-rich countries are poor. Developed countries are the biggest consumers. The energy consumption is increasing with the increase of the world population. Fossil energies are dominant in the consumption. Nuclear energies are often decried because...
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Water is an indispensable resource to mankind and life in general. Over the world, issues of water scarcity and quality are becoming pronounced with increasing global population, industrialization and urbanization. Developmental activities of man can lead to the deterioration of surface and groundwater. As a result, groundwater has become an important source of water supply throughout the world. This research is very...
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biogas productivity potential of residues of the transformation of halieutics products. Experiments was conducted in two digesters of PUXIN model of 20 m3, where the temperature is 35°C. The Multirae analyser was used to know the composition of biogas produced. A gas counter was also used for counting the amount of biogas produced during the experiment. There was also a balloon...
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The study investigated solid waste sorting and storage practices in the different activity areas of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospital was stratified into eight major groups. The groups consisted of 101 units, out of which 42 units were areas, where mixture of medical and non-medical waste were produced. The remaining 59 units were areas where only non-medical waste was generated. Using...
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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become an issue of the contemporary times especially a concern in the urban environments of developing countries. Modernization and changing life style is contributing to this issue at large. Various aspects of MSW management in the Millennium City i.e. Cuttack, one of the commercial hubs of Orissa were assessed in order to formulate strategies so that effective management can be done. The...
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and their dynamics in the Ferozpur stream of Kashmir valley. The investigation revealed that the dynamics of physico-chemical parameters depends on both autochthonous and allochthonous inputs and interactions taking place in the stream. This study was aimed to analyze the stream at various locations based on the physico-chemical parameters as most...
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This research paper evaluated the level of effectiveness of facilities management in the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) in Bauchi town; the existing scope, strategy, practices & roles, challenges with regard to the effectiveness of their management of facilities, engineering and maintenance services. The state of facilities management in ATBUTH.is presented in the result of this...
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This work is aimed at enlightening the public on the level of contamination of our waters and other aquatic environment. A large number of manufacturing companies prefer to locate their plants in the rural environment where no one queries the treatment of their effluents. This attitude is becoming a common practice which has to be regulated. In this research, Lalupon, a rural setting in Ibadan, Nigeria is no longer a safe...
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Introduction: A high proportion of waterborne disease outbreaks that are most often originating from pathogens, which found in drinking water sources due to fecal contamination. Both developed and developing countries may face the pollution problems of water sources, invariably though they are the most prevalent issues in the third world nations. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological...
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Source to in-house and seasonal contamination of drinking-water quality is a persistent problem in developing countries. This study was conducted in Damot Sore Woreda, Southern Ethiopia to examine physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water. In this study, four Kebele administrations were selected by purposive sampling technique. Location map and water quality sampling point were prepared using Arc GIS...
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In this study, some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Co) were analysed in the pioneer hydroelectric dam of South West Ethiopian’s of Gilgel Gibe I and its potential tributaries. Five water samples from the dam and four water samples from potential tributaries were collected by systematic random sampling and purposive sampling method respectively. The water Samples and blanks were digested prior to analysis. FAAS were used...
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The objective of this study was to assess existing participation of Ameya Woreda community in forest resource conservation (2013). Opinion survey, semi-structured interview, personal observation, and focus group discussion were employed to obtain primary and secondary data. 184 samples respondents were contacted in the case obtaining primary data. The data collected from primary sources were analyzed using descriptive...
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Microbial succession in a laboratory-scale bioremediation of oily sludge
This study sought to identify microbial succession during a laboratory scale-bioremediation of oily sludge. During the 12 week bioremediation study, samples were obtained, diluted and treated to a cocktail of spread-plating on nutrient, potatoes dextrose and Bushnell Haas agar were employed for heterotrophic, fungal and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial and fungal count. Tentatively, biochemical, morphologic and microscopic...
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A HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY FRAMEWORK OF UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
The study determined the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the water supply sources at the University of Port Harcourt; as well as employed a triangulated descriptive cross-sectional retrospective survey, to identify the factors that guide consumers’ selection and consumption of drinking-water, and equally assessed their perception of drinking-water quality and its impact on public health. The pH of all the...
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MANAGING ANTHROPOGENIC WASTES IN THE COASTAL WATERS IN NIGERIA, AS A MEANS OF GENERATING EMPLOYMENT
Human health and environmental quality are undergoing continuous degradation by the increasing amount of wastes being produced. Although some environmental pollution is as a result of natural causes, most are caused by human activities (anthropogenic). Waste generation is closely linked to population, urbanization and affluence. The Coastal zones constitute some of the world’s most productive areas. The offshore sectors...
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The study was conducted at Enyigba mining area in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of artisanal mineral mining activities on heavy metals (lead, zinc and cadmium) concentrations and Chemical Properties of soils of Enyigba mining area. Auger Soil Samples (0-20cm) were collected at the four compass directions from zero to 100m and 2500m away from the mine site at 10m intervals. At each sampling...
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The Bujagali hydropower project is a 250 megawatt facility that was set up to alleviate power shortages in Uganda. The project was perceived to have negative effects on major physico chemical characteristics of the upper Victoria Nile water. Key water physico chemical parameters monitored biannually in April and September from 2006 to 2015 at the upstream and downstream transects and in the reservoir were dissolved oxygen,...
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During the past five decades the Nigerian Government generated vast resource from oil revenues from various oil related operations. However, the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has experienced various form of unrest due to the devastation caused by oil drilling in the region ranging through oil spillage, water contamination air pollution and various ecological dilapidations. This study examines and tests sstakeholders...
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During drilling operation, operators face challenges related to processing large volumes of produced drill cutting wastes which contain hazardous materials and can be detrimental to the environment when not treated properly prior to disposal. Radio-nuclides, a constituent of drill cutting wastes which could cause adverse effects on the environment at concentration above the acceptable limit have not been thoroughly...
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