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Wastewater treatment is a serious environmental problem, especially in developing countries such as Morocco. Their discharge into the natural environment has negative impacts on water resources and the environment. They are therefore purified to reduce the concentration of the main pollutants. Often biological remediation is used when wastewater contains biodegradable organic pollutants. This generally leads to treated...
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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the levels of gaseous emissions from four different healthcare wastes incinerators in three regional hospitals and one national hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The incinerators studied differ in terms of capacity (kg/h) and design features. Five gaseous air pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2) were analyzed in the sampled flue gases using a portable desktop combustion gas analyzer...
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Vertical and horizontal motion of the solid earth surface due to geological and geodynamical phenomena are generally consequences of terrain deformation. Variations as a result of the deformation affect structures, particularly large storage facilities that are steel and/or concrete in nature. The criticality of this phenomena underscores the need to carryout regular measurements and monitoring of its effect in all...
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Climate change remains a crucial threat to sustainable development, particularly to the farming communities, which are more vulnerable to climate impacts. Uganda has made commendable steps in building an institutional framework for addressing climate change. However, the framework remains scattered in several documents making it difficult to track and conceptualize. This paper provides a one-stop center for understanding...
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Water samples labeled A, B, C, D and E from five different boreholes in Unwana were analyzed to assess the level of toxicity and essential trace elements present. The results obtained showed slight variation in temperature for all the samples, having sample B, recording the highest values of 28 oC. As for pH, sample B recorded a pH of 6.58 which lies within the limits recommended by WHO. For the trace metals, Cd(II),...
Urban climate variability Trend in the Coastal Region of Mombasa Kenya
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The world population in global south countries is increasing. This fast growth has heightened urban ecological footprint that contributes to anthropogenic forcing triggering the climate system. From this study, we examine climate variability trend dynamics in Mombasa County, a coastal urban area in Kenya. A retrospective study was done (1989-2019) to determine the changes in temperature and rainfall in the area of study....
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Little attention has been given to solid waste management in Senior High Schools meanwhile their population and consumption pattern keeps on increasing. The study was conducted in senior high schools within the Ashanti Region to determine the composition and generation rate of solid waste in the selected senior high schools. An extensive field investigation was used for quantification and analysis of the composition of...
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Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in Sub Saharan African countries. The current difficulties in the management of solid waste are the result of poor mastering of concepts, approaches, and techniques. This paper aims to study the Greenhouse gas reduction and cost-benefit through improving municipal solid waste management in Ouagadougou. Because the site location is important for collection...
Statistical Modeling of Diesel Leaching Rate in Soils at Base Transceiver Stations
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The process of modeling contaminant volume, rainfall intensity, and soil depth was investigated on diesel leaching and retention in soil subjected to oil pollution from five Base Transceiver Stations. The experimental runs were carried out over three operating parameters which include contaminant volume (50 – 350ml), rainfall intensity (5 – 10mm/hr), and soil depth (30 – 90cm) using Response Surface Methodology. Among all...
Irrigation Water Quality Analysis of Mitheu Stream in Machakos Municipality, Kenya
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Water samples for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological analyses were collected from 4 selected points along Mitheu stream flowing through Machakos Municipality once every month from June 2019 to September 2019. The samples were analyzed in Kenya Plant and Health Inspectorate Service and Water Resources Authority laboratories then data subjected to one-way analysis of variance to test significant differences...
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This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities against 9 control communities in disaster-prone areas in northern Ghana. We extracted community-specific data on patient-reported cases of WASH-related diseases from health facilities in the study areas. Also, we used key informant interviews and household questionnaires to seek information for validation. The impact was measured...
Effectiveness of the Implementation of Plastic Bags Ban: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of plastic bags ban in Nakuru town, Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised of 500 traders in Nakuru retail market located in Central Business District. Stratified sampling techniques were used to pick a sample size of 167 respondents....
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Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilizationof the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the...
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Heavy metals have been shown to impair water and sediment quality and thus cause adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. They have been shown negatively affect their survival, reproduction and growth especially when they exceed the recommended threshold levels in water and sediments. Heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments are to a large extent a reflection of the anthropogenic activities on the watershed as well...
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Biomass briquettes are used as an energy source for cooking and heating purposes in households and in some industries. The briquettes are produced by densification of waste biomass using various processes. The study was undertaken to assess the effect of carbonisation process on combustion characteristics of briquettes made from ratios (9:1, 4:1 and 2.3:1) of faecal sludge and sawdust. Combustion characteristics were...
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This study was undertaken to identify and assess climate change vulnerabilities and impacts on the livelihoods of forest dependent communities in Mambioko community forest in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Primary data was collected from 120 households; key informants, focus group discussions and was supplemented with secondary data from desk review of relevant literature. Forest resources were generally perceived by...
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This research was conducted aiming at addressing environmental quality by assessing the waste discharging practices of households, identifying the most significant variables affecting willingness to pay for urban solid waste management and the cost that can be saved because of the improvement in waste management techniques in Mizan-Aman town. Contingent valuation coupled with logistic regression method of analysis was...
Socio-economic and health status of rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia
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Rag pickers are people who collect recyclable and reusable materials from mixed wastes in cities. A cross sectional survey on socio economic and health status among randomly selected rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Ethiopia was done during 2019. The study showed that all rag pickers were males with age of 19 to 25 years and 60% of them were educated up to secondary level. They worked continuously for 12...
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Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, becoming naturalized in some areas. Jatropha curcas is a non-edible oil crop predominantly used to produce bio-diesel. The seeds contain 27-40% oil (average: 34.4%) that can be processed to...
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Forest serves as a major carbon sink that help reduce carbon concentrations in the atmosphere through carbon sequestration. Measuring the carbon stored through carbon stock assessment provides vital information of carbon estimates and carbon dynamics of a forest ecosystem. This baseline information will be valuable in managing the forest resources especially in the Philippines where forest cover is significantly depleting...
ASSESSMENT OF OPEN DEFECATION IN KWAHU AFRAM PLAINS SOUTH DISTRICT, GHANA
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This study examined the barriers to open defecation (OD) free in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana. A combination of diverse tools was used to collect the data (in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observation), different means was adopted in selecting the participants. Much of the time in the early stages of the field work spent having interactions with various groups within the community....
Consequences of crude oil pollution on the Niger Delta Environment
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The consequence of crude oil pollution on the sediments in the mangrove rhizosphere in the Niger Delta environment was examined in this study. Propagules of Rhizophora racemosa name of the author of species (red mangrove) were sown in plastic buckets containing 10 kg sediment, polluted with different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of Bonny light crude oil, on weight/volume basis. Sediment samples from these...
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The present study was designed to determine the concentration levels of selected toxic heavy metals from industrial wastes of Saygin Dima Textile and Nefas Silk Paint factories in Ethiopia. The investigated heavy metals were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Digestion was used for sample preparation. Finally, the concentration level of selected heavy metals was determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and compared with...
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Analyzing land use/land cover (LULC) plays a paramount role for better understanding of the economic, environmental and social consequences of LULC changes. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) were employed to capture changes in LULC. Quantitative and qualitative approaches of the socioeconomic study were applied to identify the causes of LULC changes and their impacts on the physical environment and...
Spectral predictions of rainfall extreme event in Eastern Ethiopia
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Ethiopia is one of the countries whose economy is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and is also facing recurring cycles of flood and drought. Climate variability imposes a significant challenge in the country. Consequently, this paper intends to predict the frequency of extreme rainfall in Eastern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, and spectrum analysis were used for analyzing 71 year annual rainfall data obtained...
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The distribution of inorganic nutrient salts (NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4 and SiO4) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea coast, Yemen. Seventy tw72o surface water samples were collected during cruises in August 2014 and January 2015. The sampled area extends from As suqayyah in the west of Gulf of Aden to Hawf in the east. The study showed that the average values of nutrient...
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on Soybean (Glycine max L.) plant germination and growth. This experiment was conducted at Biology Department laboratory and Biotechnology Department Green house, Wolkite University, Ethiopia, during the period of June to August 2019. The Petri dishes were treated with an equal volume of the different concentrations of CdCl2 solutions...
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Background: An increase in the urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In Ethiopia, this waste is eventually thrown into open dump sites. It can causes severe impact on soil and surface water quality. As a result, it can be the probable source of human health risk through food chain. Therefore, this study was...
Securing Land Rights: Geomatics Approach
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Most lands in Africa are claimed and managed by indigenous peoples and local communities. But it is disheartening that most African governments do not seem to recognize the rights of these customary land owners. This will give room for the proliferation of poverty, rights abuses, land grabs and land disputes. Securing land rights has been a priority of the international development sector for decades, Nigeria not being an...
Soil Nutrient Variations Between Soil Depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) Around Cement Factories, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust pollution fields has been assessed. A total of 72 soil samples from 0-20cm &...
Examining the reduction of oil pollutants in the soil by biological methods
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The increase in the use of fossil fuels to meet the energy needs by the industries has led to pollution and tensions in the environment. By entering to water, oil, and weather ecosystems, pollution from the use of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) has led to irreparable damage to the health of humans, living organisms and the environment. Thus, the reduction of pollutants from the entry of these compounds into the environment...
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Dumpsite waste pickers face stigma, harassment and exposure to occupational health and safety risk factors despite their important role in waste materials recycling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors that the pickers were exposed to and their impacts, level of awareness on occupational health and safety and its relationship with waste recovery practices. The population of the study comprised the...
Climate Change Effect on Crops Performance with a focus on Cereals: a Review
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As climate change has demonstrated a variable effect in different part of the world, its effect is severe in the developing world. Climate change, the ambient weather factors are becoming beyond the suitability ranges, is imposing a negative effect on the adaptation and production of the crops. This is because of variability and change in precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, CO2 concentration, thereby, leading to...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a cyclonic scrubber in a simultaneous removal of suspended particles and SO2 from the warm airflow in factories extracting lead. At first, the sampling from the suspended particles and SO2 gases exhausted from the chimneys was carried out before applying the filtration system. Then, the cyclone scrubber system was designed based on the pressure, velocity and...
Environmental monitoring of the cross-border Struma (Strymónas) River between Bulgaria and Greece
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This study is generally aimed at underlining the importance of environmental monitoring for effective preservation of the natural resources for future generations, including water, soil, air, forests, biodiversity, and agricultural lands. Specifically, the research is geared towards obtaining information on the quality and possible contamination of water and sediments along the cross-border Struma River and its inflows as...
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It is well known that weather conditions could aggravate factors for climate-sensitive disease. This paper assesses on the effects of extreme temperature and rainfall events on human health in Addis Ababa City. Health statistics of different seasons were utilized for the assessment of health impact on urban population in Addis Ababa. Surface temperatures pattern were analyzed to investigate the urban warming effect....
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practice in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia
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Solid Waste is unwanted materials generated from different sources. The objective of the study was exploring major solid waste and management in Wolkite town. The data was collecting using primary data through questionnaires, structure and semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The analysis of this work was carried out using quantitative description. Data on frequency distribution of solid waste in Wolkite...
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The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the analysis of the relationship that occurs between the occurrence of disasters, the level of development and the need for a sustainable development style as a framework strategy for comprehensive risk management. The so-called natural disasters are not in essence natural, but only triggered by natural events such as floods or earthquakes; the disaster itself is a social...
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This study focused on the comparative evaluation of the potentials of exotic and indigenous breed hen eggshell powder as an adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) ion from textile wastewater. The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH and solution temperature were investigated in a batch process and evaluated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were adsorbent dose of 6g, contact time of 3 h,...
APPLICATION OF TRACERS IN GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY
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Laboratory study was carried out to investigate the effect of acidic and alkaline characteristics of groundwater medium on three tracers (rhodamine B, eosin and potassium dichromate) commonly used for groundwater investigations. This is with the view of improving the criterion used in the selection of tracers for groundwater investigations. The factors considered are: the maximum tracer concentration, Cmax, which could be...
Evaluation of a poultry litter pelleting machine
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In this study a designed and fabricated single screw pelleting machine was evaluated for the production of poultry litter pellets. The design of the components (hopper, barrel, screw auger, dies) of the poultry litter pelleter was done using standard engineering procedures. The poultry litter obtained from a local farm was air-dried, milled and rewetted to the moisture content required for the experiment. Performance...
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An analysis of the vegetation and soil relations in a mixed Tree Bush Savannah (TBS) of Mushandike Wildlife Sanctuary within Tokwe Mukorsi dam basin of Zimbabwe is presented. The objective of this study was to ascertain some perceptible Colophospermun mopane species found in low lying arid or semi arid areas on granite to confirm its indicator value for sodic soils in Zimbabwe. Enumeration and measurements of species along...
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Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity managements in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective...
Challenges in maintaining Sustainability of Drinking Water Systems – Aftermath of a natural disaster
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October 8, 2005 earthquake was a major calamity affecting the northern regions of Pakistan disturbing the social system generally and drinking water supply systems specifically. In response several organizations of national and international backgrounds intervened the affected areas contributing in different areas including water supply systems. The current study assessed over eight hundred (800) water supply systems in...
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Neutral temperature determination study conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings of Jimma town, south-west Ethiopia. 98 residential buildings were systematically selected and the questionnaire was administrated to adult residents in each of selected buildings. They were asked about their thermal sensation for consecutive seven days at living rooms in the morning, afternoon, evening and night times and their...
Sustainability Management in the Mining Industry - A Case Study of AngloGold Ashanti Obuasi Mine
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In recent times, there has been growing concerns about natural resource depletion and pollution related problems across mining areas in Ghana. This research presents a study on sustainability management of large-scale mining concessions, using AngloGold Ashanti as a case study. A top down approach (looking into arguments from different stakeholders) and qualitative interviews were adopted to gather information. Conclusions...
The Impact of Urban Expansion on Physical Environment in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia
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This study aims to investigate the major consequence of urban expansion in urban areas particularly in Debre Markos town with review of relevant literatures. The finding of the paper was presented by using charts, table, graphs, and figures. This study shows that Debre Markos town is one of Ethiopian urban settings experiencing unique rate of urbanization through expansion. The findings of the study showed that the trend...
SHORT TERM WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VAMANAPURAM RIVER, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA
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The study was carried out in Vamanapuram River, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India to assess the water quality for domestic purposes between February and July, 2017. Fifteen physico-chemical parameters of water were estimated and qualitative and quantitative studies of algae were made. Low values of DO (3.0 - 3.97 mg/l) and high BOD (12.0 - 15.0 mg/l) indicate high level of organic pollution in the river. The...
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It is very precious to get clean and enough potable water supply in many parts of the Afar region in Ethiopia. Most of the Afar population living condition is nomadic and cattle based agriculture, hence move from place to place to search hay and food for their cattle. They settle, most of the time, along the periphery of the rivers. Lots of governmental and non-governmental organizations, like Kelem Ethiopia, are...
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Biological monitoring and assessment studies due to urban--road pollutants were carried out using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants. Four plant (leaf) parameters--namely ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content and leaf extract pH were combined together in a formulation signifying the APTI of plants. APTI was calculated for five different shrub species viz. Bougainvillea glabra, Duranta...
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