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In Mali, studies on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) characterization and diversity are still few, despite the important roles played by these microorganisms in plant growth and in degraded soils restoration. Sorghum is one of the staple food grains in Mali and as such plays a key role in food security in Mali. This study aims to determine diversity of AMF strains associated to sorghum in Sikasso region soils in Mali....
Impact of oil installations on groundwater resources in Bongor Basin, Republic of Chad
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This study examines concentration of pollutants that can contaminate soil, surface water and groundwater in the Bongor basin. The analysis of thirty (30) soil samples from six oil sites: Koudalwa, Ronier, Ndoubadana, Narenang, Croisement Baobab and Croisement Ridina was carried out using standard laboratory testing methods of chemical elements and pollutants. Results reveal that Nickel has a maximum concentration above the...
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Wetlands are one of the world’s most important environmental assets but currently face complex challenges. It is recognized that their long-term sustainability requires participation of their surrounding communities in their management. However, participation of local communities in seeking solutions to wetland’s resources use remains a grave challenge. Yala wetland, in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin, is a very important...
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Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in two vegetables (cabbage and potatoes) were determined and the potential health risks due to the consumption of the vegetables were estimated. Mean concentrations of Zn (134.0+5.62 mg/kg), As (0.12+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.32+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage from Biological Lagoon area and Zn (103.0+8.34 mg/kg), As (0.14+0.01 mg/kg) and Cd (0.31+0.01 mg/kg) in cabbage...
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Nanomaterial assisted removal of pollutants from water has got great attention. This study aimed to evaluate the removal of nitrate using zeolite and zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite. Zeolite-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanomaterials were determined using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and its chemical composition was determined using AAS. The results revealed that;...
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Crude oil spill destroys biodiversity and adversely impacts the physicochemical characteristics of the terrestrial and aquatic environments. The population characteristics of soil nematodes can serve as indicators of alterations in the terrestrial environment. To determine the effects of crude oil spillage on the soil nematode fauna status; a study was carried out at an impacted area in Gokana Local Government Area of...
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Climate variability and change is the significant environmental and global threat of the current century. This study analyzed variability and time series trend analysis of climate from 1981-2018 and local people’s perception towards climate change in Janamora Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Primary data was collected through a household survey from 138 respondents selected by multi-stage sampling method. Secondary data was...
Evaluation of outdoor human thermal comfort conditions in selected streets of Nairobi City's Centre
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This paper evaluated the outdoor human thermal comfort conditions for urban heat island management in Nairobi city. Environmental parameters were measured at microclimatic and instantaneous scales on a typical summer day in Nairobi City's Centre's selected streets. The RayMan software package and ENVI-met v4.0 BETA model were used to evaluate both measured and simulated physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) to...
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Physical structure and activities undertaken at green spaces provides substantial health, social, environmental, psychological and economic benefits to residents of an urban area. Study regarding the health benefits of green spaces in developing countries is very limited. Addis Ababa is the capital and the largest city in Ethiopia and not many studies on green spaces are available. Thus, this community based...
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The creation of an information system for various facilities is crucial as it is a vital instrument for effective urban management, esp. in the areas of monitoring the state of such facilities to ensure adequate maintenance, ease of access, etc. This paper focuses on how Remote Sensing and other modern techniques can aid in developing a Buildings’ Information System (BIS) for the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. It...
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Water samples labeled A, B, C, D and E from five different boreholes in Unwana were analyzed to assess the level of toxicity and essential trace elements present. The results obtained showed slight variation in temperature for all the samples, having sample B, recording the highest values of 28 oC. As for pH, sample B recorded a pH of 6.58 which lies within the limits recommended by WHO. For the trace metals, Cd(II),...
Effectiveness of the Implementation of Plastic Bags Ban: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of plastic bags ban in Nakuru town, Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised of 500 traders in Nakuru retail market located in Central Business District. Stratified sampling techniques were used to pick a sample size of 167 respondents....
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Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilizationof the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the...
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Biomass briquettes are used as an energy source for cooking and heating purposes in households and in some industries. The briquettes are produced by densification of waste biomass using various processes. The study was undertaken to assess the effect of carbonisation process on combustion characteristics of briquettes made from ratios (9:1, 4:1 and 2.3:1) of faecal sludge and sawdust. Combustion characteristics were...
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This study was undertaken to identify and assess climate change vulnerabilities and impacts on the livelihoods of forest dependent communities in Mambioko community forest in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Primary data was collected from 120 households; key informants, focus group discussions and was supplemented with secondary data from desk review of relevant literature. Forest resources were generally perceived by...
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This research was conducted aiming at addressing environmental quality by assessing the waste discharging practices of households, identifying the most significant variables affecting willingness to pay for urban solid waste management and the cost that can be saved because of the improvement in waste management techniques in Mizan-Aman town. Contingent valuation coupled with logistic regression method of analysis was...
Socio-economic and health status of rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia
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Rag pickers are people who collect recyclable and reusable materials from mixed wastes in cities. A cross sectional survey on socio economic and health status among randomly selected rag pickers in the dump site of Mekelle city, Ethiopia was done during 2019. The study showed that all rag pickers were males with age of 19 to 25 years and 60% of them were educated up to secondary level. They worked continuously for 12...
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Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, becoming naturalized in some areas. Jatropha curcas is a non-edible oil crop predominantly used to produce bio-diesel. The seeds contain 27-40% oil (average: 34.4%) that can be processed to...
ASSESSMENT OF OPEN DEFECATION IN KWAHU AFRAM PLAINS SOUTH DISTRICT, GHANA
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This study examined the barriers to open defecation (OD) free in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana. A combination of diverse tools was used to collect the data (in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observation), different means was adopted in selecting the participants. Much of the time in the early stages of the field work spent having interactions with various groups within the community....
Consequences of crude oil pollution on the Niger Delta Environment
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The consequence of crude oil pollution on the sediments in the mangrove rhizosphere in the Niger Delta environment was examined in this study. Propagules of Rhizophora racemosa name of the author of species (red mangrove) were sown in plastic buckets containing 10 kg sediment, polluted with different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of Bonny light crude oil, on weight/volume basis. Sediment samples from these...
Spectral predictions of rainfall extreme event in Eastern Ethiopia
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Ethiopia is one of the countries whose economy is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and is also facing recurring cycles of flood and drought. Climate variability imposes a significant challenge in the country. Consequently, this paper intends to predict the frequency of extreme rainfall in Eastern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, and spectrum analysis were used for analyzing 71 year annual rainfall data obtained...
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The distribution of inorganic nutrient salts (NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4 and SiO4) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea coast, Yemen. Seventy tw72o surface water samples were collected during cruises in August 2014 and January 2015. The sampled area extends from As suqayyah in the west of Gulf of Aden to Hawf in the east. The study showed that the average values of nutrient...
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on Soybean (Glycine max L.) plant germination and growth. This experiment was conducted at Biology Department laboratory and Biotechnology Department Green house, Wolkite University, Ethiopia, during the period of June to August 2019. The Petri dishes were treated with an equal volume of the different concentrations of CdCl2 solutions...
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Background: An increase in the urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In Ethiopia, this waste is eventually thrown into open dump sites. It can causes severe impact on soil and surface water quality. As a result, it can be the probable source of human health risk through food chain. Therefore, this study was...
Securing Land Rights: Geomatics Approach
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Most lands in Africa are claimed and managed by indigenous peoples and local communities. But it is disheartening that most African governments do not seem to recognize the rights of these customary land owners. This will give room for the proliferation of poverty, rights abuses, land grabs and land disputes. Securing land rights has been a priority of the international development sector for decades, Nigeria not being an...
Soil Nutrient Variations Between Soil Depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) Around Cement Factories, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust pollution fields has been assessed. A total of 72 soil samples from 0-20cm &...
Examining the reduction of oil pollutants in the soil by biological methods
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The increase in the use of fossil fuels to meet the energy needs by the industries has led to pollution and tensions in the environment. By entering to water, oil, and weather ecosystems, pollution from the use of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) has led to irreparable damage to the health of humans, living organisms and the environment. Thus, the reduction of pollutants from the entry of these compounds into the environment...
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Dumpsite waste pickers face stigma, harassment and exposure to occupational health and safety risk factors despite their important role in waste materials recycling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors that the pickers were exposed to and their impacts, level of awareness on occupational health and safety and its relationship with waste recovery practices. The population of the study comprised the...
Climate Change Effect on Crops Performance with a focus on Cereals: a Review
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As climate change has demonstrated a variable effect in different part of the world, its effect is severe in the developing world. Climate change, the ambient weather factors are becoming beyond the suitability ranges, is imposing a negative effect on the adaptation and production of the crops. This is because of variability and change in precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, CO2 concentration, thereby, leading to...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a cyclonic scrubber in a simultaneous removal of suspended particles and SO2 from the warm airflow in factories extracting lead. At first, the sampling from the suspended particles and SO2 gases exhausted from the chimneys was carried out before applying the filtration system. Then, the cyclone scrubber system was designed based on the pressure, velocity and...
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It is well known that weather conditions could aggravate factors for climate-sensitive disease. This paper assesses on the effects of extreme temperature and rainfall events on human health in Addis Ababa City. Health statistics of different seasons were utilized for the assessment of health impact on urban population in Addis Ababa. Surface temperatures pattern were analyzed to investigate the urban warming effect....
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practice in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia
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Solid Waste is unwanted materials generated from different sources. The objective of the study was exploring major solid waste and management in Wolkite town. The data was collecting using primary data through questionnaires, structure and semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The analysis of this work was carried out using quantitative description. Data on frequency distribution of solid waste in Wolkite...
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The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the analysis of the relationship that occurs between the occurrence of disasters, the level of development and the need for a sustainable development style as a framework strategy for comprehensive risk management. The so-called natural disasters are not in essence natural, but only triggered by natural events such as floods or earthquakes; the disaster itself is a social...
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This study focused on the comparative evaluation of the potentials of exotic and indigenous breed hen eggshell powder as an adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) ion from textile wastewater. The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH and solution temperature were investigated in a batch process and evaluated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were adsorbent dose of 6g, contact time of 3 h,...
APPLICATION OF TRACERS IN GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY
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Laboratory study was carried out to investigate the effect of acidic and alkaline characteristics of groundwater medium on three tracers (rhodamine B, eosin and potassium dichromate) commonly used for groundwater investigations. This is with the view of improving the criterion used in the selection of tracers for groundwater investigations. The factors considered are: the maximum tracer concentration, Cmax, which could be...
Evaluation of a poultry litter pelleting machine
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In this study a designed and fabricated single screw pelleting machine was evaluated for the production of poultry litter pellets. The design of the components (hopper, barrel, screw auger, dies) of the poultry litter pelleter was done using standard engineering procedures. The poultry litter obtained from a local farm was air-dried, milled and rewetted to the moisture content required for the experiment. Performance...
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An analysis of the vegetation and soil relations in a mixed Tree Bush Savannah (TBS) of Mushandike Wildlife Sanctuary within Tokwe Mukorsi dam basin of Zimbabwe is presented. The objective of this study was to ascertain some perceptible Colophospermun mopane species found in low lying arid or semi arid areas on granite to confirm its indicator value for sodic soils in Zimbabwe. Enumeration and measurements of species along...
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Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity managements in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective...
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Neutral temperature determination study conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings of Jimma town, south-west Ethiopia. 98 residential buildings were systematically selected and the questionnaire was administrated to adult residents in each of selected buildings. They were asked about their thermal sensation for consecutive seven days at living rooms in the morning, afternoon, evening and night times and their...
Sustainability Management in the Mining Industry - A Case Study of AngloGold Ashanti Obuasi Mine
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In recent times, there has been growing concerns about natural resource depletion and pollution related problems across mining areas in Ghana. This research presents a study on sustainability management of large-scale mining concessions, using AngloGold Ashanti as a case study. A top down approach (looking into arguments from different stakeholders) and qualitative interviews were adopted to gather information. Conclusions...
The Impact of Urban Expansion on Physical Environment in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia
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This study aims to investigate the major consequence of urban expansion in urban areas particularly in Debre Markos town with review of relevant literatures. The finding of the paper was presented by using charts, table, graphs, and figures. This study shows that Debre Markos town is one of Ethiopian urban settings experiencing unique rate of urbanization through expansion. The findings of the study showed that the trend...
SHORT TERM WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VAMANAPURAM RIVER, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA
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The study was carried out in Vamanapuram River, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India to assess the water quality for domestic purposes between February and July, 2017. Fifteen physico-chemical parameters of water were estimated and qualitative and quantitative studies of algae were made. Low values of DO (3.0 - 3.97 mg/l) and high BOD (12.0 - 15.0 mg/l) indicate high level of organic pollution in the river. The...
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It is very precious to get clean and enough potable water supply in many parts of the Afar region in Ethiopia. Most of the Afar population living condition is nomadic and cattle based agriculture, hence move from place to place to search hay and food for their cattle. They settle, most of the time, along the periphery of the rivers. Lots of governmental and non-governmental organizations, like Kelem Ethiopia, are...
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Biological monitoring and assessment studies due to urban--road pollutants were carried out using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants. Four plant (leaf) parameters--namely ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content and leaf extract pH were combined together in a formulation signifying the APTI of plants. APTI was calculated for five different shrub species viz. Bougainvillea glabra, Duranta...
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL OF MECHANIC WORKSHOPS ALONG AIRPORT ROAD, ABUJA
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Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu, were determined in topsoil collected from Gosa, Sabon-Lugbe, Aco and Lugbe Auto mechanic workshops along airport road, Abuja, Nigeria, using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method with a view to determining the level of contamination of the areas with the heavy metals. Average values of the heavy metals in (ppm) for all sample locations ( Gosa, Lugbe, Aco and Sabon-Lugbe)...
VALORIZATION OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL AND CHEMICAL
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Conventional production of platform chemicals from fossil fuel has two major disadvantages. It exerts pressure on the depleting world fossil-fuel resources and posses enormous environmental threat. Lignocellulosic materials such as wood wastes are potential resources for the production of chemicals and biofuels. Forest/Agricultural wastes are cheap, renewable and their conversion to bio-based chemicals contributes to green...
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In this article, we study modified nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) by nano manganese oxide (Mn3O4) as adsorbent material to remove iron ions from groundwater. Different parameters were studied to option optimum conditions of removing such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, a dosage of adsorbent, agitation speed and temperature. Kinetics studies included first order (R2= 0.915), pseudo-first order (R2 = 0.936), second...
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A good knowledge of fuel characteristics is a major asset for their acceptability and their diffusion. The present research is intended to be a contribution to a comparative study of the combustible briquettes locally produced using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The physicochemical characterization of the briquettes was carried out by the determination of the moisture content, dry matter, volatile organic matter, fixed...
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The review investigates phytoremediation as an alternative environmentally-friendly method of cleaning and restoring hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Phytoremediation is a ‘green’ technology that exploits the natural ability of green plants to remove, degrade or suppress contaminants in soils, sludges, sediments, surface-water and ground-water in an ecologically-friendly manner. Its processes are stimulated by sunlight and...
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The rain fed crop production is inherently sensitive to climate variability and change. This research aimed to investigate the trend of climate variability and change and examine its impact on rain fed crop production in the Lokka Abaya District. For this purpose, 190 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique from four villages. To collect data, interview schedule, key informant interview and focus group...
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