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Understanding attitudes of local leaders towards conservation issues in village areas surrounding protected areas is vital for the success of sustainable biodiversity conservation. This is because of the need of designing effective conservation programs outside protected areas and to reduce resource-based conflicts involving local communities and protected areas. Twenty villages in Karatu district located between...
Community Dependency and Perceptions of a Protected Area in a Threatened Ecoregion of Myanmar
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Local communities living adjacent to Protected Areas (PA) play a vital role in biodiversity conservation. Understanding communities’ use and perceptions of a PA will increase its conservation effectiveness through reducing anthropogenic pressures and improving park-people relationship. This study assessed local communities’ dependency on the PA and perceptions of benefits and costs accrued from the PA. Using a...
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Survey was conducted from July to December 2019, aimed at assessing medium and large-sized mammals’ diversity, and their major threats management of the study area in Fura-Faragosa Communal Forest (FFCF) areas, Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Systematic sampling design and Line transect field method using direct and indirect field observations were used to assess mammals and their threats, whereas key informant interview...
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The study conducted in Malga district in 2019 aims at documenting indigenous medicinal plants use among the Kebeles community, the factors threatening local knowledge on medicinal plants before suggesting ways to overcome such threats. A total of 100 informants were selected and snowball sampling techniques were used. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews, field observations, guided field...
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With a few exceptions, comprehensive assessment of invasive plants species (IPSs) list that invade Maputo special Reserve’s natural ecosystems is lacking. Some available data are either preliminary or localised, or focus on agricultural weeds that leaves an ecological gap about IPSs. In order to establish this gap, a study was conducted to asses the impact of IPSs in Maputo Special Reserve. A stratified random sample...
Underfunding, the challenge of federally managed protected areas of Ethiopia
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This paper presents an analysis of the costs of protected areas (PAs) management in Ethiopia specifically those managed by the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority. The authority is managing a network of protected area (PA) systems covering an area of about 29,950 km2. Primary and secondary data were used. A total of 3,045 rangers are required to effectively control illegal activities. The estimated number of rangers...
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There is a lack of consensus among conservationists regarding whether the association between trophy hunting and wildlife poaching exists. Anti-hunting groups argue that trophy hunting should be refuted because of its adverse effects on the wildlife population, and it is against animal welfare. Pro-hunting groups advocate regulated hunting as an essential tool for supporting habitat protection and reducing illegal wildlife...
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Vegetation data were collected from 72 sample plots laid on the four transects. The size of the main plot was 20 mx20m for tree species. Socio-economic data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software packages. A total of 75 species of vascular plants belonging to 60 genera and 26 Families were identified from 72 plots from the study area. Out of these plant species, 20% were trees, 30.7 were shrubs, 33.3% were herbs and...
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A study was conducted on conservation status of Argo forest, Bena Tsemay district, South Omo zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and peoples National Regional State, Ethiopia. Four transects were taken from gravel road and individuals farmers land as a baseline. Physiographic data, DBH/DSH and height of all tree/shrub species were taken in all the 41 quadrates. The external pressure on the forest was also assessed using...
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We examined population demography and reproductive seasonality among small mammals under protection, pastoralism and agriculture in the Serengeti Ecosystem in 2017 and 2018. We trapped small mammals to quantify variation in the proportions of actively breeding individuals, juvenile recruitment and adult sex ratio across land use types and seasons. Breeding peaked in the wet season, reflecting a corresponding underlying...
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Fungi range among the most important organisms in the world thanks to their ecological roles in the ecosystems and their socio-economic importance for human beings. Still, the global fungal species richness is full of uncertainties as evidenced by various estimates. Estimating fungal species richness and diversity is raising many questions related to the sampling effort (in space and time). This study aims to determine...
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Family Euphobiaceae is one of the largest families of the vascular plants in Malesian Region. The family consists of large woody trees, shrubs, and succulents through climbing lianas to simple weeds that grow prostrate to the ground. Euphorbiaceae is an important source of herbal medicine of human, veterinary and agricultural. The family also consists of great economic importance like castor oil plant, cassava, rubber...
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Gelada baboon is the only surviving primate of the genus Theropithecus, which is endemic to Ethiopia. It is adapted to live in afroalpine and subafroalpine ecosystems of the Ethiopian highlands. Although it is at risk of habitat loss due to agriculture expansion, gelada baboon is classified as Least Concern by IUCN. Gelada is of great importance because it represents an Ethiopian national treasure that brings tourists...
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This study was carried out from August 2018 to February 2019 to determine the conservation challenges of Banded Wattle Eye and Bannerman’s Turaco in the Njising-Tabenken Forest. The study used point transects. Point stations had radius of 50m and measured 100m apart. Transects were 500m long and randomly stratified. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect additional information on conservation challenges....
EFFECTS OF FOREST FIRE ON TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN OLOKEMEJI FOREST RESERVE, OGUN STATE
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The effect of forest fire on the forest trees at Olokemeji Forest Reserve was established in this study. The fire experimental plot was selected at the reserve. The site was divided into three plots; Plot A was tested with late fire treatment, Plot B was tested with Early fire treatment and plot C (without fire treatment). The diameter at breast height (Dbh) and tree height (m) of the tree species in the plots were...
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Human activities have affected the biodiversity of Lake Tana. Hence, this research evaluated water quality of Lake Tana by measuring biotic indices. Biotic diversity (Shannon-Weiner diversity index, H) was 3.07 in the dry season and 2.50 in the wet season. The impacted sites’ biotic diversity was H’ = 2.94 in the dry season and 2.49 in the wet season. Hence, diversity was more in the dry season. Thus, Lake Tana water...
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The study was conducted in Menz Guassa Community Conservation Area, North Showa, Ethiopia to assess the threats of wildlife and local community attitude towards wildlife conservation. It also aimed at distinguishing the driving force that contributes for the threats Questionnaires, and key formant interview were used to collect data. A total of 376 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were...
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The population status of Osyris quadripartita (Africa sandalwood) is endangered in some places due to overexploitation for commercial values. The study aim was to assess distribution, association and structure at Arba Minch Zuria and Banna-Tsemay Districts, Southern Ethiopia. An inventory of species was carried out for determining the relative proportion of the selected woody species in communities. Systematic sampling was...
Woody Species Composition and Diversity in Homegardens in Bekoji Town, Southeast Ethiopia
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This study assessed the role of urban homegardens in woody species conservation in Bekoji Town, southeast Ethiopia. Ninety-six homegardens were identified using multistage sampling technique. Woody species inventory was made in 310 3m*10m quadrants. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H`), reciprocal of Simpson diversity index (1-D), evenness index (J`) and Margalef richness index (Dmg) were computed to determine alpha...
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This study was conducted to explore species diversity and relative abundance of birds in Lake Hawassa and its adjoining areas from August to February 2018. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling grids. Data were analysed by using PAST Software version 2.17c in analysing biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and Individual Rarefaction analysis. The result showed...
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Ability to measure accurately and precisely the amount of carbon sequestered in African forests will go a long way in reducing global warming. Therefore, this study determines the Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Carbon Sequestration Potential (CSP) and variation in tree species present in the Kwara State University. Square plot sampling of 100 by 100 meters was selected randomly for assessment. Trees with diameter at breast...
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Majority of Sub-Saharan Africa land mass is rangelands. However, rangelands are globally degrading rapidly, affecting the soil seed bank (SSB) of native plants, and, therewith, the long-term resilience towards environmental and human-induced pressure on the ecosystem. We investigated SSB in communally and seasonally enclosed (SE) grazing areas as influenced by sub-habitats of mature trees of Acacia tortilis and Acacia...
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Rangelands in Ethiopian highlands are among the most threatened ecosystems as a result of unregulated expansion of crop cultivation and overgrazing. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing forage species diversity and determining their conservation status in the study area. Vegetation data was collected from a total of 60 sample plots of 400 m2 and 300 subplots of 1 m2 for herbaceous species. Sample plots...
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Indigenous browse species can make a large contribution to livestock nutrition as they depend on such species during the dry and wet season. Despite the wide use of the browse species, no studies have been undertaken so far in the Southern zone of Tigray on utilization of such feed resources. The objectives of this study were to identify these feed resources and their utilization. A total of 103 households from five...
Avian Diversity and Abundance from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity and habitat association of avian fauna from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia. The avian fauna survey was carried out from March to April 2019 during the dry season. A stratified sampling method was used to demarcate the study area into three habitat types, including natural forest, bushland and riverine forest. In each habitat...
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A total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7 x 7 simple lattice design at two environments in south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia during 2018/19 main cropping season to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and yield-related traits. The combined / pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p< 0.001) among the 49 field pea genotypes for all the...
Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on germination and growth of Crotalaria exaltata Polhill Seeds
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The studies on effects of Eucalyptus globulus on seed germination and growth potential of Crotalaria exaltataseedswere conducted in Gullele Botanic Garden. For the germination test, the stock solution was prepared from leaves of E. globulus that collected from the garden site and inserted in boiled water for 24 hours. By serial dilution 25%, 50%, 75% of treatments were prepared. Seeds were pre-treated with boiled water and...
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Urban homegardens are important refuges for native biodiversity and climate change mitigation. This study investigated the potential of homegardens and government institution tree-planted, compounds for conservation of woody species and carbon sequestration in Jimma City. A complete counting of woody species within 138 homegardens and 39 sample plots (each 10 m × 10 m) placed in government institutions were surveyed....
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This study assessed and documented ethnoecological knowledge of the indigenous people of Ada’a District that has important contribution in the conservation of wild medicinal plants. Both purposive and random sampling methods were used to collect appropriate data. Quantitative and qualitative ethnobotanical methods were used to analyze the ethnoecological data. A significance test on the indigenous knowledge variation of...
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Global warming is now recognized as one of the major threats to the survival of species and the integrity of ecosystems worldwide. It modifies the geographical distributions of species, which in return affects the trends of climatic variations. This study was initiated to evaluate the impact of climatic variations on the distribution of the dominant plant species in the chimpanzee’s diet of Tai National Park. The...
Biodiversity of Anurans from Three Cocoa farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
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The research investigated the biodiversity of amphibians from cocoa farms in Ondo state. A total of 38 anurans were collected from three Cocoa farms, by handpicking under leaf litters, inside gullies, along river banks flowing through the farms and on trees. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the Laboratory where...
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This study assesses effects of environmental factors on: (1) the floristic composition and diversity of plant species, and (2) plant communities in selected Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) invaded districts of the Southern Afar Region, Ethiopia. Four sites from two districts Afar Region were selected for vegetation survey. Then, 64 sample quadrats were placed in the wood lands using preferential sampling design. Quadrats of...
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A study on species composition, distribution, relative abundance and habitat association of small mammals was made in Aba Asrat Monastery during August, 2011- January, 2012, encompassing both wet and dry seasons. Four habitat types such as natural forest, bushland, farmland and grassland were selected based on representative vegetation types in the study area. In each habitat type, one representative grid was selected for...
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The effects of agrochemical applications on honeybee production was studied in Tigray regional state to assess the types of agrochemicals and their effects on honeybee colonies using a questionnaire survey and observation methods. From the 384 beekeepers interviewed, 52.3% of them are recognized as pesticides users. Moreover, there was significant variation in use of agrochemicals among beekeepers in the study districts (p
IN VITRO FLOWERING AND RAPID PROPAGATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.- A MEDICINAL PLANT
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The present investigation was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid and efficient in vitro clonal propagation of Cichorium intybus L. Efficient shoot regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. from embryogenic callus cultures has been obtained using thidiazuron (TDZ). In vitro nodes have been used as explant and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different phytohormonal concentrations and combinations. TDZ/IAA...
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This study was carried out in Lake Hawassa, Tikur wuha riverine habitat and Cheleleka wetland from August 2017 to February 2018. The study aims to investigate species composition, seasonal abundance and distribution of birds. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling blocks. T-test and one way ANOVA were applied for analysis of the effect of season on the composition and...
A review of Human Elephant Interactions in Tanzania, Are there proper mitigation measures?
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The success of biodiversity conservation and human societies depends intimately on the living components of natural and managed systems. Conservation of wildlife, especially elephants, is challenging under the increasing human population changes in land use systems. Land use/ land cover change (LULCC) affects the provision of ecosystem services for humans and habitat for wildlife and increase competition between humans and...
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The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in population’ sizes of the populations of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill, coupled with the discovery of a new population at Ga-Dikgale village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The newly discovered population lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. The abiotic...
Study of vegetation in the Kirala Kele partial-nature-based wetland of Southern Sri Lanka
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Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of hydrology, atmosphere and lithological factors of the environment as a unique unit. The analysis of biodiversity makes use of the vegetation species and ecosystem diversity of the Kirala Kele wetland area except genetic diversity. This research focuses on revealing the environmental importance of the biodiversity of the partial-nature-based wetland in Kirala...
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The need to conduct a detailed ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in populations’ sizes of two populations (Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill) coupled with the discovery of one new population in Ga-Dikgale village in Limpopo Province of South Africa. This latter population lacked scientific data necessary to effectively manage it. This study aimed to conduct a detailed...
Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Ethiopia: Its Trend, Drivers and Effects on Forest Biodiversity
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Land use and land cover changes are an all-time phenomena. Its dramatic increasing rate since the near past centuries imply a generational cost of sustainability. Thus, this article synthesizes different literatures and provides information that could be useful for understanding trends of land use and land cover change with its associated major drivers and effects on forest biodiversity in Ethiopia. Once, 40 percent of...
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Homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems are widely practiced in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite the practice and importance of the systems, there are very limited studies in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess plant diversity and composition of homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems in Yayu Biosphere Reserve. Forest inventory and household surveys were employed to collect data. Overall 101...
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Human-wildlife interaction challenges are too much in Africa, particularly in East Africa. The challenges are even larger related to baboons. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) conflict with humans and the local community attitude towards wildlife study was carried out in the Maze National Park, Ethiopia. It was investigated based on questionnaires, informant interview, focus group discussion and direct observation methods. The...
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Poaching continues to be reported by Nyungwe National Park (NNP) managers as a challenge to its conservation. This paper aimed to assess the factors influencing poaching and the impact on the conservation of NNP and to assess perceptions of local communities on the negative impact of poaching to the conservation of the protected area. Primary data collected using a checklist of questionnaire and secondary data was obtained...
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Global overpopulation is at the root of virtually all other environmental problems. In view of this situation the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of population pressure on Wabe vegetation in Abeshige district, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was followed. From the district, sub district Aewan, with in which part of Wabe vegetation located was selected purposefully to select...
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This study was undertaken in 2017 with the aim to bring out community perception that can contribute to the conservation of pangolins in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP). A survey was used for data collection with questionnaires administered, semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. Results showed that, 58% of respondents reported Smutsia gigantea as the most abundant pangolin species followed by...
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This study aimed to assess the vegetation structures and diversity in grazing land of the Abijata Shala Lake National Park in Ethiopia. The stratification of the site was done before sampling based on grazing intensity. Random sampling techniques were used for species composition, diversity and vegetation structure. Two grazing intensities, 12 sampling sites, and five plots per sample site were used that = 120 samples all...
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The aim of this study was to find out variability, heritability, and genetic advance and trait associations for some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian two-rowed barley. Forty-nine, two-rowed barley landraces were tested in 7 x 7 simple lattice designs with two replications during the 2017 cropping season at the Mata research sub site of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC). A variance component analysis...
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Biocultural diversities and sacred natural site in particular, have been threatened due to pervasive nature of anthropogenic impacts. The menacing factors that affect sacred natural sites are not similar across the globe in degree and level of influences. Hence, this article aims at exploring anthropogenic menace on Me'e Bokko and Dararatu sacred shrines among Guji Oromo, in Adoolaa Reeddee and Annaa Sorraa districts,...
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The research was conducted in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The main aim is to evaluate how indigenous knowledge practices and traditional beliefs have been used successfully to enhance tree biodiversity and environmental conservation. It further explores the environmentally friendly traditions of human-nature interactions. The research was a descriptive ecological study by using biodiversity inventory (tree count)...
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