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Study of vegetation in the Kirala Kele partial-nature-based wetland of Southern Sri Lanka
Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of hydrology, atmosphere and lithological factors of the environment as a unique unit. The analysis of biodiversity makes use of the vegetation species and ecosystem diversity of the Kirala Kele wetland area except genetic diversity. This research focuses on revealing the environmental importance of the biodiversity of the partial-nature-based wetland in Kirala...
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Testate amoebae are a group of free living heterotrophic protists that have an organic shell or test and play a very good role as bioindicators in the ecological monitoring of environment. In this study it is herewith reporting two species of testate amoebae viz., Assulina quadratum Van Oye, 1958 and Cyclopyxis leidy Couteaux et Chardez, 1981 for the first time from India from Sangla Valley, Himachal Pradesh.
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This study contributes to the knowledge of the variants of coffee-based agroforestry systems (CAFS) of the semi-deciduous forest zone of Togo. To achieve this, forest, floristic and ecological data were collected in 163 random plots of 25 m x 25 m (625 m²), to analyze the typology of the CAFS and their characteristics across the study area. In the 10.1875 ha surveyed, results showed a total of 2510 stems of woody plants...
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The need to conduct a detailed ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in populations’ sizes of two populations (Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill) coupled with the discovery of one new population in Ga-Dikgale village in Limpopo Province of South Africa. This latter population lacked scientific data necessary to effectively manage it. This study aimed to conduct a detailed...
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Wabero forest is one of the very few remnant moist evergreen montane forests in southeast Ethiopia. However, basic data on vegetation structure and composition of the forest that could provide valuable information for possible conservation measures is lacking. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the woody species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status of the forest. In the...
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Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Ethiopia: Its Trend, Drivers and Effects on Forest Biodiversity
Land use and land cover changes are an all-time phenomena. Its dramatic increasing rate since the near past centuries imply a generational cost of sustainability. Thus, this article synthesizes different literatures and provides information that could be useful for understanding trends of land use and land cover change with its associated major drivers and effects on forest biodiversity in Ethiopia. Once, 40 percent of...
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Wildlife crop depredation represents a serious human-wildlife conflict around protected areas globally. It undermines farming livelihoods and local support for long-term conservation. Though studies have focused on different aspects such as the economics, spatiotemporal and vulnerability of farms to crop depredation, little attention has been given to the farmers’ evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategies used to...
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Homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems are widely practiced in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite the practice and importance of the systems, there are very limited studies in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess plant diversity and composition of homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems in Yayu Biosphere Reserve. Forest inventory and household surveys were employed to collect data. Overall 101...
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Human-wildlife interaction challenges are too much in Africa, particularly in East Africa. The challenges are even larger related to baboons. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) conflict with humans and the local community attitude towards wildlife study was carried out in the Maze National Park, Ethiopia. It was investigated based on questionnaires, informant interview, focus group discussion and direct observation methods. The...
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Poaching continues to be reported by Nyungwe National Park (NNP) managers as a challenge to its conservation. This paper aimed to assess the factors influencing poaching and the impact on the conservation of NNP and to assess perceptions of local communities on the negative impact of poaching to the conservation of the protected area. Primary data collected using a checklist of questionnaire and secondary data was obtained...
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Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Lakeshore Bird Species around Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
Ecological investigation of species diversity and relative abundance of birds was conducted from January to September 2017 at the shoreline of Lake Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Three habitats namely-Tikurwuha wetland, Human settlement and Farmland were identified for the study. A total of 60 bird species under 14 orders and 37 families were identified. In general, 2720 individuals of 81 species of birds were recorded during...
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Structure and regeneration of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br Ex G Don in Mount Mandara, Cameroon
A study was carried out in the Mount Mandara area to assess the populations and renewal status of Parkia biglobosa, a multi-purpose species. The study was aimed at contributing to the sustainable management of this resource. Transect methods were used to count individuals of P. biglobosa in fields. Results showed that the density of P. biglobosa was 7 individuals ha-1. The basal area of P. biglobosa individuals varied as...
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Global overpopulation is at the root of virtually all other environmental problems. In view of this situation the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of population pressure on Wabe vegetation in Abeshige district, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was followed. From the district, sub district Aewan, with in which part of Wabe vegetation located was selected purposefully to select...
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This study was undertaken in 2017 with the aim to bring out community perception that can contribute to the conservation of pangolins in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP). A survey was used for data collection with questionnaires administered, semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. Results showed that, 58% of respondents reported Smutsia gigantea as the most abundant pangolin species followed by...
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This study aimed to assess the vegetation structures and diversity in grazing land of the Abijata Shala Lake National Park in Ethiopia. The stratification of the site was done before sampling based on grazing intensity. Random sampling techniques were used for species composition, diversity and vegetation structure. Two grazing intensities, 12 sampling sites, and five plots per sample site were used that = 120 samples all...
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Abstract Integration of trees into land use practices is an old-aged experience of smallholder farmers in Southwest Ethiopia. The contribution of this practice is much undermined. The objective of this study was to assess socio-economic contributions of agroforestry system to smallholder farmers around Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 199 households were proportionally sampled from the three selected sites...
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The aim of this study was to find out variability, heritability, and genetic advance and trait associations for some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian two-rowed barley. Forty-nine, two-rowed barley landraces were tested in 7 x 7 simple lattice designs with two replications during the 2017 cropping season at the Mata research sub site of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC). A variance component analysis...
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Biocultural diversities and sacred natural site in particular, have been threatened due to pervasive nature of anthropogenic impacts. The menacing factors that affect sacred natural sites are not similar across the globe in degree and level of influences. Hence, this article aims at exploring anthropogenic menace on Me'e Bokko and Dararatu sacred shrines among Guji Oromo, in Adoolaa Reeddee and Annaa Sorraa districts,...
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The research was conducted in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The main aim is to evaluate how indigenous knowledge practices and traditional beliefs have been used successfully to enhance tree biodiversity and environmental conservation. It further explores the environmentally friendly traditions of human-nature interactions. The research was a descriptive ecological study by using biodiversity inventory (tree count)...
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Ensete ventricosum is a monocarpic perennial crop, in the genus Ensete. The ability of the crop to withstand drought conditions encourages farmers growing enset as a food security crop. Large numbers of enset clones are grown in a wide range of altitude where millions of people rely on it in Ethiopia. Studying enset clones wealth is vital for critical intervention on the clone’s diversity conservation The study was...
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Ecosystem services are the base for survival of mankind and play a significant role in economic development, prosperity, health, etc. Forest ecosystems afford a variety of services that human beings depend on from them. Arba Minch Forest ecosystem is a crucial asset that maintains the continuity and survival of the Arba Minch town and its environs. Despite its tangible and worthy ecosystem services, it has been exposed to...
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Climate variability is one of the major ecological challenges of the 21st century in Waza Logone Plain in the Far North region of Cameroon. The physical environment in this area has almost completly deteriorated as a result of declining rainfall and rising temperatures. A study was carried out to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in terms of climate variability in the Waza National Park. This study was based on both...
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Analysis of Forest Cover Change in Yabello Forest, Borana Zone, Ethiopia
Analyzing trends of land use and the change over time is an effective way for assessing the impact on ecosystem function. A study was conducted to detect forest cover change of Yabello forest between 1986 and 2016. The Land use maps of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 were derived from satellite images. The spatial pattern analysis indicated that the Yabello LULC is at dynamic state and forests had undergone substantial changes...
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This study examined the contribution of protected forest areas as means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forests in terms of tree species diversity and volume yield for in-situ biodiversity conservation. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare each, randomly located in the strict nature reserve, forest reserve, and sacred grove. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥...
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Frequent worsening of land resources have become a serious threat to both the ecological systems and economic development in Ethiopia. These problems attributed directly or indirectly to the rapid declining of forests in unsustainable use and management; to escape land degradation problem rehabilitation is best option and different studies shown in Tigray, Amhara (wello and shewa) and Oromia Region, exclosure is one of...
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This study was conducted in Kwanza, Trans-Nzoia County to determine the colonization pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in earthen fish ponds. This was done to ascertain the right stocking time of ponds when the natural fish food is in plenty. Two ponds were used for this study; one was treated with organic manure while the other was not fertilized. Sampling for physico-chemical parameters were then taken immediately...
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The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving the biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data....
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In this two phase study, first phase, the Deskwork (ERDAS Imagine, IRS-LISS4 data) identified six forest patches in the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, southern Western Ghats. In the second phase research focused on all six patches involving inspections, measuring and recording as well as interactions with forest managers and members of the indigenous community. Second phase aggregated data pertaining to presentation as...
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Study of the behavior of cultivars from a world collection of olive (Olea europaea L.) in Morocco
In Marrakech (Morocco), a world collection of the genetic resources of the olive-tree was established. This collection currently contains 600 cultivars of various origins. However, work of characterization of these cultivars remains very limited. The objective of this study is to emphasize these genetic resources through their agronomic characterization. Certain agronomic characters were studied on some of the most...
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Floral biodiversity of St. John’s college campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Biodiversity reflects variety and variability within and among living organisms, their associations and habitat-oriented ecological complexes. There is an urgent need for detailed survey of plants resources, both exotic and indigenous for the development of rural as well as urban economy of a region. In this context, the present study was carried out to record the floral resources of St.John’s college campus,...
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Ave fauna diversity in Bonga biosphere reserve, Southwest Ethiopia
The study was carried out for two consecutive years (2013 to 2014) yielding a representative checklist on bird diversity at Decha, Chena, Dadiben, Boka of Bonga biosphere reserve and Gojeb wetland located in South Nation Nationalities and People region, Southwest Ethiopia. The point observation method was used to collect data on activity patterns, distribution and diversity of the various species of birds. Data were...
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Traditional agroforestry homegardens have been described as man-managed ecosystems with complex structure and multiple functions. Despite being an integral part of farming system in South West Ethiopia, this system is still poorly studied and understood. The study was conducted to assess the diversity and horizontal structure of woody species in homegardens at Gimbo district, South West Ethiopia. Two sites and two villages...
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Wetlands are the world’s most productive ecosystems which provide breeding for wider range of both flora and fauna. However, it is under great threat due a number of factors. A study was conducted to assess the existing flora and fauna species with the ecological integrity and human impact on wetlands of Ginda watershed. Identification and description of wetland floras and faunas repeated visual observation was done. As a...
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Comparative studies on hair morphology of Tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus)
Hair is mammalian epidermal exoskeleton and having distinctive specialized anatomic structure consisting of cells and three concentric layers viz. cuticle, cortex and medulla. The main aim of this study was to compare gross and microscopic difference and similarity of hair of tiger and leopard. Four hair samples from four different body regions (neck, back, abdomen and tail) were collected from different four animals of...
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Canopy gap formation, a frequent small-scale disturbance in many forests, has been hypothesized to be an important event in the structuring of many forest communities. Canopy gaps increase environmental heterogeneity by altering abundances and distributions of abiotic and biotic resources. Resources that have been demonstrated to change after gap formation are light, soil moisture, nutrients, fruit availability, seed...
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Conservation of biodiversity is a major environmental challenge today. Homegarden agroforestry (HGAF) have large potential for biodiversity conservation. However, little attention has been paid to the relative importance of HGAF in terms of biodiversity conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate and compare the woody species diversity and structure of HGAF, and adjacent natural forest (NF). Three sites were...
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Assessment of ecotourism resources in Prof. T. A. Afolayan Wildlife Park, FUTA, Akure, Nigeria
Ecotourism resources are natural and cultural features that attract visitors, such resources include landscapes, endemic and rare flora and fauna, cultural festivals, and historic monuments. The major objective of this study was to assess the ecotourism resources in Prof. T. A. Afolayan Wildlife Park, FUTA, Akure, Nigeria for sustainable utilization which will improve conservation and management strategy of the park. Data...
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A multivariate vegetation analysis of Mahasheer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
This study aims to estimate phytodiversity and its relation with environment, and soil of Mahasheer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Field data was recorded from fifteen different sites of the study area. Quadrat method was used for the sampling of vegetation. Exact location of each site, altitude, exposure, as well as geographical coordinates was noted by using geographical positioning system (GPS). To analyze...
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Tropical forests have the largest potential to mitigate climate change amongst the world’s forests through conservation of existing carbon pools and expansion of carbon sinks. Ethiopia is one of the tropical countries which have significant forest resources carbon stock and their associations with environmental variables have not been well studied. This study was completed with the aim of assessing carbon stock...
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Butterflies survey of an Eastern Ghat, near Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Devkund was carried out from November 2014 to March 2016 for species composition, relative abundance and species diversity of butterflies. Transect walk, point transect and direct observation methods were deployed for butterfly’s survey. Sampling sites were selected following the established transect on the edge around the waterfall, with an interval...
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Review on pollination and dispersal in open vegetation
Plant reproductive success varies widely within and among natural populations and understanding the factors, which developed the variation, could enhance the pollination and dispersal process. The basic premise is that as individuals become increasingly isolated reproductive processes, such as pollination and seed dispersal, begin to function less efficiently leading to Allee effects whereby declining population density or...
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Conserving precious urban fresh water bodies: A case study of Telangana, India
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognizes sovereign rights of States over their bioresources and also determines terms of accessing them, which is subject to their national legislation. India is among the 196 Contracting Parties to CBD and enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 to claim sovereign rights over its bioresources and associated traditional knowledge (TK), and to meet its national obligations...
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Wetlands are transitional points of habitats that are normally situated between a water body, vegetation cover and dry land. Human activities and climate change influence the net loss of natural features in global wetlands. However, in the earlier part of the 1990s, people began to understand the benefit of wetlands. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the level of anthropogenic activity in and around Baturiya...
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The present survey was carried out in 2 stretches of Yamuna River, India, with a total of 10 km down streams; 2 adults and 1 juvenile from Hamirpur and 6 adults and 3 juvenile from Ekdala River stretches were recorded after a long period. Various threats in the stretches, sand mining, fishing, ferries, cremations, water lifting for irrigation, agricultural cultivation on the river banks were also recorded during the...
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Avifauna species diversity of Leventis Farm and Leventis Conserved Woodland Edo State, Nigeria
The diversity and abundance of avian species in two study sites: Leventis Foundation Conserved woodland (LFCW), and Leventis Foundation Farmland (LFF) in the guinea agro-ecological zone in Edo state Nigeria was carried out between 2011 and 2013 covering dry and wet seasons. Two methods; Line Transect and Point Count Methods were randomly placed in the four study sites, were used to collect data on bird species diversity...
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Detection and estimation of the extent of lost and threaten crop species in Tigray, Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, it is generally accepted that significant amount of genetic erosion has occurred and is still occurring but there are no data on its amount and extent. Likewise, less is known about causes and degree of genetic erosion on local varieties of crop species. Therefore, quantifying the amount of genetic erosion was equally important for devising conservation measures. The present study was conducted to assess the...
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Bush encroachment is reducing rangeland productivity in Borana rangelands. This study was conducted in Teltele Woreda of Borana zone, to evaluate the effects of bush encroachment on plant species composition, diversity and its contribution to carbon stock. Bush encroached, non-encroached and bush thinned rangeland types were selected for the study. Nested plots for collecting tree, shrub, herbaceous and soil data were...
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