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Parkland agroforestry woody species are prominent features in many landscapes worldwide, and their ecological, social and economic importance is widely acknowledged. It is the traditional agroforestry systems from different countries and is almost a universal occurrence in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Gindeberet District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia to assess the parkland agroforestry woody...
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Rangelands in Ethiopian highlands are among the most threatened ecosystems as a result of unregulated expansion of crop cultivation and overgrazing. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing forage species diversity and determining their conservation status in the study area. Vegetation data was collected from a total of 60 sample plots of 400 m2 and 300 subplots of 1 m2 for herbaceous species. Sample plots...
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FOREST STRUCTURE AND CARBON STOCKS OF OSUN-OSOGBO SACRED GROVE, NIGERIA
Forest trees and soil are considered for climate change mitigation. Forest structure of the grove is required to predict its capacity to mitigate climate change. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the forest structure and carbon stocks of Osun-Osogbo Sacred grove. Five (30 x 30 m2) plots were demarcated in Old-growth forest (OF) and Re-growth forest (RF). Trees with ≥10cm diameter-at-breast-height...
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Indigenous browse species can make a large contribution to livestock nutrition as they depend on such species during the dry and wet season. Despite the wide use of the browse species, no studies have been undertaken so far in the Southern zone of Tigray on utilization of such feed resources. The objectives of this study were to identify these feed resources and their utilization. A total of 103 households from five...
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Avian Diversity and Abundance from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia
This study was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity and habitat association of avian fauna from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia. The avian fauna survey was carried out from March to April 2019 during the dry season. A stratified sampling method was used to demarcate the study area into three habitat types, including natural forest, bushland and riverine forest. In each habitat...
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Hagenia abyssinica is a multipurpose tree, which is sparsely distributed in the highland of Ethiopia. It is used for illness remedy, furniture, fuel, and as a soil additive. This review provides information on the present status and Management Practice of Hagenia abyssinica in Ethiopia to give urgency care other than that given to introduced species for future conservation. The foliage and flowers have a higher quality of...
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A total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7 x 7 simple lattice design at two environments in south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia during 2018/19 main cropping season to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and yield-related traits. The combined / pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p< 0.001) among the 49 field pea genotypes for all the...
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Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on germination and growth of Crotalaria exaltata Polhill Seeds
The studies on effects of Eucalyptus globulus on seed germination and growth potential of Crotalaria exaltataseedswere conducted in Gullele Botanic Garden. For the germination test, the stock solution was prepared from leaves of E. globulus that collected from the garden site and inserted in boiled water for 24 hours. By serial dilution 25%, 50%, 75% of treatments were prepared. Seeds were pre-treated with boiled water and...
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Urban homegardens are important refuges for native biodiversity and climate change mitigation. This study investigated the potential of homegardens and government institution tree-planted, compounds for conservation of woody species and carbon sequestration in Jimma City. A complete counting of woody species within 138 homegardens and 39 sample plots (each 10 m × 10 m) placed in government institutions were surveyed....
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This study assessed and documented ethnoecological knowledge of the indigenous people of Ada’a District that has important contribution in the conservation of wild medicinal plants. Both purposive and random sampling methods were used to collect appropriate data. Quantitative and qualitative ethnobotanical methods were used to analyze the ethnoecological data. A significance test on the indigenous knowledge variation of...
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Global warming is now recognized as one of the major threats to the survival of species and the integrity of ecosystems worldwide. It modifies the geographical distributions of species, which in return affects the trends of climatic variations. This study was initiated to evaluate the impact of climatic variations on the distribution of the dominant plant species in the chimpanzee’s diet of Tai National Park. The...
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Biodiversity of Anurans from Three Cocoa farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
The research investigated the biodiversity of amphibians from cocoa farms in Ondo state. A total of 38 anurans were collected from three Cocoa farms, by handpicking under leaf litters, inside gullies, along river banks flowing through the farms and on trees. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the Laboratory where...
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This study assesses effects of environmental factors on: (1) the floristic composition and diversity of plant species, and (2) plant communities in selected Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) invaded districts of the Southern Afar Region, Ethiopia. Four sites from two districts Afar Region were selected for vegetation survey. Then, 64 sample quadrats were placed in the wood lands using preferential sampling design. Quadrats of...
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A study on species composition, distribution, relative abundance and habitat association of small mammals was made in Aba Asrat Monastery during August, 2011- January, 2012, encompassing both wet and dry seasons. Four habitat types such as natural forest, bushland, farmland and grassland were selected based on representative vegetation types in the study area. In each habitat type, one representative grid was selected for...
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The effects of agrochemical applications on honeybee production was studied in Tigray regional state to assess the types of agrochemicals and their effects on honeybee colonies using a questionnaire survey and observation methods. From the 384 beekeepers interviewed, 52.3% of them are recognized as pesticides users. Moreover, there was significant variation in use of agrochemicals among beekeepers in the study districts (p
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IN VITRO FLOWERING AND RAPID PROPAGATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.- A MEDICINAL PLANT
The present investigation was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid and efficient in vitro clonal propagation of Cichorium intybus L. Efficient shoot regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. from embryogenic callus cultures has been obtained using thidiazuron (TDZ). In vitro nodes have been used as explant and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different phytohormonal concentrations and combinations. TDZ/IAA...
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This study was carried out in Lake Hawassa, Tikur wuha riverine habitat and Cheleleka wetland from August 2017 to February 2018. The study aims to investigate species composition, seasonal abundance and distribution of birds. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling blocks. T-test and one way ANOVA were applied for analysis of the effect of season on the composition and...
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A review of Human Elephant Interactions in Tanzania, Are there proper mitigation measures?
The success of biodiversity conservation and human societies depends intimately on the living components of natural and managed systems. Conservation of wildlife, especially elephants, is challenging under the increasing human population changes in land use systems. Land use/ land cover change (LULCC) affects the provision of ecosystem services for humans and habitat for wildlife and increase competition between humans and...
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The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in population’ sizes of the populations of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill, coupled with the discovery of a new population at Ga-Dikgale village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The newly discovered population lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. The abiotic...
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Study of vegetation in the Kirala Kele partial-nature-based wetland of Southern Sri Lanka
Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of hydrology, atmosphere and lithological factors of the environment as a unique unit. The analysis of biodiversity makes use of the vegetation species and ecosystem diversity of the Kirala Kele wetland area except genetic diversity. This research focuses on revealing the environmental importance of the biodiversity of the partial-nature-based wetland in Kirala...
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The need to conduct a detailed ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in populations’ sizes of two populations (Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill) coupled with the discovery of one new population in Ga-Dikgale village in Limpopo Province of South Africa. This latter population lacked scientific data necessary to effectively manage it. This study aimed to conduct a detailed...
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Wabero forest is one of the very few remnant moist evergreen montane forests in southeast Ethiopia. However, basic data on vegetation structure and composition of the forest that could provide valuable information for possible conservation measures is lacking. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the woody species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status of the forest. In the...
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Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Ethiopia: Its Trend, Drivers and Effects on Forest Biodiversity
Land use and land cover changes are an all-time phenomena. Its dramatic increasing rate since the near past centuries imply a generational cost of sustainability. Thus, this article synthesizes different literatures and provides information that could be useful for understanding trends of land use and land cover change with its associated major drivers and effects on forest biodiversity in Ethiopia. Once, 40 percent of...
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Homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems are widely practiced in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite the practice and importance of the systems, there are very limited studies in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess plant diversity and composition of homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems in Yayu Biosphere Reserve. Forest inventory and household surveys were employed to collect data. Overall 101...
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Human-wildlife interaction challenges are too much in Africa, particularly in East Africa. The challenges are even larger related to baboons. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) conflict with humans and the local community attitude towards wildlife study was carried out in the Maze National Park, Ethiopia. It was investigated based on questionnaires, informant interview, focus group discussion and direct observation methods. The...
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Poaching continues to be reported by Nyungwe National Park (NNP) managers as a challenge to its conservation. This paper aimed to assess the factors influencing poaching and the impact on the conservation of NNP and to assess perceptions of local communities on the negative impact of poaching to the conservation of the protected area. Primary data collected using a checklist of questionnaire and secondary data was obtained...
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Global overpopulation is at the root of virtually all other environmental problems. In view of this situation the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of population pressure on Wabe vegetation in Abeshige district, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was followed. From the district, sub district Aewan, with in which part of Wabe vegetation located was selected purposefully to select...
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This study was undertaken in 2017 with the aim to bring out community perception that can contribute to the conservation of pangolins in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP). A survey was used for data collection with questionnaires administered, semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. Results showed that, 58% of respondents reported Smutsia gigantea as the most abundant pangolin species followed by...
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This study aimed to assess the vegetation structures and diversity in grazing land of the Abijata Shala Lake National Park in Ethiopia. The stratification of the site was done before sampling based on grazing intensity. Random sampling techniques were used for species composition, diversity and vegetation structure. Two grazing intensities, 12 sampling sites, and five plots per sample site were used that = 120 samples all...
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Abstract Integration of trees into land use practices is an old-aged experience of smallholder farmers in Southwest Ethiopia. The contribution of this practice is much undermined. The objective of this study was to assess socio-economic contributions of agroforestry system to smallholder farmers around Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 199 households were proportionally sampled from the three selected sites...
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The aim of this study was to find out variability, heritability, and genetic advance and trait associations for some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian two-rowed barley. Forty-nine, two-rowed barley landraces were tested in 7 x 7 simple lattice designs with two replications during the 2017 cropping season at the Mata research sub site of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC). A variance component analysis...
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Biocultural diversities and sacred natural site in particular, have been threatened due to pervasive nature of anthropogenic impacts. The menacing factors that affect sacred natural sites are not similar across the globe in degree and level of influences. Hence, this article aims at exploring anthropogenic menace on Me'e Bokko and Dararatu sacred shrines among Guji Oromo, in Adoolaa Reeddee and Annaa Sorraa districts,...
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The research was conducted in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The main aim is to evaluate how indigenous knowledge practices and traditional beliefs have been used successfully to enhance tree biodiversity and environmental conservation. It further explores the environmentally friendly traditions of human-nature interactions. The research was a descriptive ecological study by using biodiversity inventory (tree count)...
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Ensete ventricosum is a monocarpic perennial crop, in the genus Ensete. The ability of the crop to withstand drought conditions encourages farmers growing enset as a food security crop. Large numbers of enset clones are grown in a wide range of altitude where millions of people rely on it in Ethiopia. Studying enset clones wealth is vital for critical intervention on the clone’s diversity conservation The study was...
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Ecosystem services are the base for survival of mankind and play a significant role in economic development, prosperity, health, etc. Forest ecosystems afford a variety of services that human beings depend on from them. Arba Minch Forest ecosystem is a crucial asset that maintains the continuity and survival of the Arba Minch town and its environs. Despite its tangible and worthy ecosystem services, it has been exposed to...
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Climate variability is one of the major ecological challenges of the 21st century in Waza Logone Plain in the Far North region of Cameroon. The physical environment in this area has almost completly deteriorated as a result of declining rainfall and rising temperatures. A study was carried out to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in terms of climate variability in the Waza National Park. This study was based on both...
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Analysis of Forest Cover Change in Yabello Forest, Borana Zone, Ethiopia
Analyzing trends of land use and the change over time is an effective way for assessing the impact on ecosystem function. A study was conducted to detect forest cover change of Yabello forest between 1986 and 2016. The Land use maps of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 were derived from satellite images. The spatial pattern analysis indicated that the Yabello LULC is at dynamic state and forests had undergone substantial changes...
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This study examined the contribution of protected forest areas as means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forests in terms of tree species diversity and volume yield for in-situ biodiversity conservation. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare each, randomly located in the strict nature reserve, forest reserve, and sacred grove. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥...
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Frequent worsening of land resources have become a serious threat to both the ecological systems and economic development in Ethiopia. These problems attributed directly or indirectly to the rapid declining of forests in unsustainable use and management; to escape land degradation problem rehabilitation is best option and different studies shown in Tigray, Amhara (wello and shewa) and Oromia Region, exclosure is one of...
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This study was conducted in Kwanza, Trans-Nzoia County to determine the colonization pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in earthen fish ponds. This was done to ascertain the right stocking time of ponds when the natural fish food is in plenty. Two ponds were used for this study; one was treated with organic manure while the other was not fertilized. Sampling for physico-chemical parameters were then taken immediately...
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The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving the biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data....
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In this two phase study, first phase, the Deskwork (ERDAS Imagine, IRS-LISS4 data) identified six forest patches in the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, southern Western Ghats. In the second phase research focused on all six patches involving inspections, measuring and recording as well as interactions with forest managers and members of the indigenous community. Second phase aggregated data pertaining to presentation as...
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Study of the behavior of cultivars from a world collection of olive (Olea europaea L.) in Morocco
In Marrakech (Morocco), a world collection of the genetic resources of the olive-tree was established. This collection currently contains 600 cultivars of various origins. However, work of characterization of these cultivars remains very limited. The objective of this study is to emphasize these genetic resources through their agronomic characterization. Certain agronomic characters were studied on some of the most...
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Floral biodiversity of St. John’s college campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Biodiversity reflects variety and variability within and among living organisms, their associations and habitat-oriented ecological complexes. There is an urgent need for detailed survey of plants resources, both exotic and indigenous for the development of rural as well as urban economy of a region. In this context, the present study was carried out to record the floral resources of St.John’s college campus,...
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Ave fauna diversity in Bonga biosphere reserve, Southwest Ethiopia
The study was carried out for two consecutive years (2013 to 2014) yielding a representative checklist on bird diversity at Decha, Chena, Dadiben, Boka of Bonga biosphere reserve and Gojeb wetland located in South Nation Nationalities and People region, Southwest Ethiopia. The point observation method was used to collect data on activity patterns, distribution and diversity of the various species of birds. Data were...
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Traditional agroforestry homegardens have been described as man-managed ecosystems with complex structure and multiple functions. Despite being an integral part of farming system in South West Ethiopia, this system is still poorly studied and understood. The study was conducted to assess the diversity and horizontal structure of woody species in homegardens at Gimbo district, South West Ethiopia. Two sites and two villages...
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Wetlands are the world’s most productive ecosystems which provide breeding for wider range of both flora and fauna. However, it is under great threat due a number of factors. A study was conducted to assess the existing flora and fauna species with the ecological integrity and human impact on wetlands of Ginda watershed. Identification and description of wetland floras and faunas repeated visual observation was done. As a...
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Comparative studies on hair morphology of Tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus)
Hair is mammalian epidermal exoskeleton and having distinctive specialized anatomic structure consisting of cells and three concentric layers viz. cuticle, cortex and medulla. The main aim of this study was to compare gross and microscopic difference and similarity of hair of tiger and leopard. Four hair samples from four different body regions (neck, back, abdomen and tail) were collected from different four animals of...
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Canopy gap formation, a frequent small-scale disturbance in many forests, has been hypothesized to be an important event in the structuring of many forest communities. Canopy gaps increase environmental heterogeneity by altering abundances and distributions of abiotic and biotic resources. Resources that have been demonstrated to change after gap formation are light, soil moisture, nutrients, fruit availability, seed...
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Conservation of biodiversity is a major environmental challenge today. Homegarden agroforestry (HGAF) have large potential for biodiversity conservation. However, little attention has been paid to the relative importance of HGAF in terms of biodiversity conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate and compare the woody species diversity and structure of HGAF, and adjacent natural forest (NF). Three sites were...
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