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BREEDING BIOLOGY OF RED WATTLED LAPWING (VANELLUS INDICUS) FROM SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Study documented some aspects of breeding biology of Red Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) such as breeding season, nest structure, clutch size, incubation period, hatching and fledgling success in the district of Bahawalpur. We selected 6 sites for the observation; barren, open, cultivated, grassy, area along road sides, and constructed areas with the common vegetation of Cynodon dactylon, Ziziphus mauritiana, Albizia...
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Avian diversity is among the key components of the earth’s biodiversity. This study was conducted in Choke Mountains from January to April, 2018 to identify the diversity, relative abundance and distribution of avian fauna. Data were collected in three different habitats (natural forest, grazing and protected areas). The sampling areas were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Point count (for forest site)...
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Ensete ventricosum is a monocarpic perennial crop, in the genus Ensete. The ability of the crop to withstand drought conditions encourages farmers growing enset as a food security crop. Large numbers of enset clones are grown in a wide range of altitude where millions of people rely on it in Ethiopia. Studying enset clones wealth is vital for critical intervention on the clone’s diversity conservation The study was...
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This study takes a qualitative method approach to evaluating the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders to the effectiveness of planning and management in three protected areas in Bangladesh. A complex socio-economic context was revealed within which there were diverse views leading, in some cases, to ongoing conflict and difficulty in law enforcement. While the co-management approach in theory takes the interests of...
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This study was conducted in Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) to analyze the effect of construction of CDNP on local residents’ livelihoods and income. A survey of questionnaires of 100 households was carried in the in four villages: Tandou-Ngoma, Nzambi, Ngoumbi and Mpela. Focused groups discussions, field observations and secondary data from different sources were used to collect information. The data were analyzed...
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Diversity of local varieties of banana and plantain cultivated in Benin
Banana and plantain are popular fruits considered as a major staple food, and providing significant income to farming communities. A handicap to its development and production remains access to quality suckers. However, its diversity is still unknown in Benin. To assess the knowledge on the diversity of local varieties of both dessert banana and plantain at the community level, ethnobotanical surveys were undertaken using...
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Ecosystem services are the base for survival of mankind and play a significant role in economic development, prosperity, health, etc. Forest ecosystems afford a variety of services that human beings depend on from them. Arba Minch Forest ecosystem is a crucial asset that maintains the continuity and survival of the Arba Minch town and its environs. Despite its tangible and worthy ecosystem services, it has been exposed to...
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Medicinal plants play important roles in human and animals disease treatment. 1000 medicinal plant species are identified and reported in the Ethiopian Flora. They have also contributed its own and more preferable for new drug development. Ethiopia has the potential to become an important source country, given the diversity of plants and the rich traditional knowledge regarding their use. The main sources of medicinal...
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Climate variability is one of the major ecological challenges of the 21st century in Waza Logone Plain in the Far North region of Cameroon. The physical environment in this area has almost completly deteriorated as a result of declining rainfall and rising temperatures. A study was carried out to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in terms of climate variability in the Waza National Park. This study was based on both...
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Assessment of Woody Species in Agroforestry Systems around Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia
Woody species are the major components of traditional agroforestry systems. These species vary across the different types of agroforestry practices in different parts of Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess woody species across land uses in three different sites around Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 100 plots were laid out on six transect lines with sample plot size of 25m x 25m for 20 plots of...
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Analysis of Forest Cover Change in Yabello Forest, Borana Zone, Ethiopia
Analyzing trends of land use and the change over time is an effective way for assessing the impact on ecosystem function. A study was conducted to detect forest cover change of Yabello forest between 1986 and 2016. The Land use maps of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 were derived from satellite images. The spatial pattern analysis indicated that the Yabello LULC is at dynamic state and forests had undergone substantial changes...
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The study was conducted on Gatira George’s forest in, North Eastern Ethiopia to determine the floristic composition & vegetation structure. Systematic samplings of 9 (20 m × 20 m) plots were sampled along three line transects. In each main plots, nested plot (5 m x 5 m) and 2m×2m distributed were laid down to sample trees ,shrubs and their seedlings and saplings. All plots were laid at a distance of 50 m along the...
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This study examined the contribution of protected forest areas as means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forests in terms of tree species diversity and volume yield for in-situ biodiversity conservation. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare each, randomly located in the strict nature reserve, forest reserve, and sacred grove. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥...
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Frequent worsening of land resources have become a serious threat to both the ecological systems and economic development in Ethiopia. These problems attributed directly or indirectly to the rapid declining of forests in unsustainable use and management; to escape land degradation problem rehabilitation is best option and different studies shown in Tigray, Amhara (wello and shewa) and Oromia Region, exclosure is one of...
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This study was conducted in Kwanza, Trans-Nzoia County to determine the colonization pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in earthen fish ponds. This was done to ascertain the right stocking time of ponds when the natural fish food is in plenty. Two ponds were used for this study; one was treated with organic manure while the other was not fertilized. Sampling for physico-chemical parameters were then taken immediately...
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A comparative study of the diversity, distribution and abundance of small mammals (rodents and insectivores) in natural and coffee forest habitats of Afalo area of Gera district was conducted from August, 2014 to March, 2015. Two sites, one with coffee forest and the other natural forest, were selected for the study. Grids were established and randomly selected in each of the habitats, and representative sample sites were...
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The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving the biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data....
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In this two phase study, first phase, the Deskwork (ERDAS Imagine, IRS-LISS4 data) identified six forest patches in the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, southern Western Ghats. In the second phase research focused on all six patches involving inspections, measuring and recording as well as interactions with forest managers and members of the indigenous community. Second phase aggregated data pertaining to presentation as...
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Study of the behavior of cultivars from a world collection of olive (Olea europaea L.) in Morocco
In Marrakech (Morocco), a world collection of the genetic resources of the olive-tree was established. This collection currently contains 600 cultivars of various origins. However, work of characterization of these cultivars remains very limited. The objective of this study is to emphasize these genetic resources through their agronomic characterization. Certain agronomic characters were studied on some of the most...
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Floral biodiversity of St. John’s college campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Biodiversity reflects variety and variability within and among living organisms, their associations and habitat-oriented ecological complexes. There is an urgent need for detailed survey of plants resources, both exotic and indigenous for the development of rural as well as urban economy of a region. In this context, the present study was carried out to record the floral resources of St.John’s college campus,...
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Ave fauna diversity in Bonga biosphere reserve, Southwest Ethiopia
The study was carried out for two consecutive years (2013 to 2014) yielding a representative checklist on bird diversity at Decha, Chena, Dadiben, Boka of Bonga biosphere reserve and Gojeb wetland located in South Nation Nationalities and People region, Southwest Ethiopia. The point observation method was used to collect data on activity patterns, distribution and diversity of the various species of birds. Data were...
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Traditional agroforestry homegardens have been described as man-managed ecosystems with complex structure and multiple functions. Despite being an integral part of farming system in South West Ethiopia, this system is still poorly studied and understood. The study was conducted to assess the diversity and horizontal structure of woody species in homegardens at Gimbo district, South West Ethiopia. Two sites and two villages...
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Wetlands are the world’s most productive ecosystems which provide breeding for wider range of both flora and fauna. However, it is under great threat due a number of factors. A study was conducted to assess the existing flora and fauna species with the ecological integrity and human impact on wetlands of Ginda watershed. Identification and description of wetland floras and faunas repeated visual observation was done. As a...
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Comparative studies on hair morphology of Tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus)
Hair is mammalian epidermal exoskeleton and having distinctive specialized anatomic structure consisting of cells and three concentric layers viz. cuticle, cortex and medulla. The main aim of this study was to compare gross and microscopic difference and similarity of hair of tiger and leopard. Four hair samples from four different body regions (neck, back, abdomen and tail) were collected from different four animals of...
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Canopy gap formation, a frequent small-scale disturbance in many forests, has been hypothesized to be an important event in the structuring of many forest communities. Canopy gaps increase environmental heterogeneity by altering abundances and distributions of abiotic and biotic resources. Resources that have been demonstrated to change after gap formation are light, soil moisture, nutrients, fruit availability, seed...
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Conservation of biodiversity is a major environmental challenge today. Homegarden agroforestry (HGAF) have large potential for biodiversity conservation. However, little attention has been paid to the relative importance of HGAF in terms of biodiversity conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate and compare the woody species diversity and structure of HGAF, and adjacent natural forest (NF). Three sites were...
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Assessment of ecotourism resources in Prof. T. A. Afolayan Wildlife Park, FUTA, Akure, Nigeria
Ecotourism resources are natural and cultural features that attract visitors, such resources include landscapes, endemic and rare flora and fauna, cultural festivals, and historic monuments. The major objective of this study was to assess the ecotourism resources in Prof. T. A. Afolayan Wildlife Park, FUTA, Akure, Nigeria for sustainable utilization which will improve conservation and management strategy of the park. Data...
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A multivariate vegetation analysis of Mahasheer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
This study aims to estimate phytodiversity and its relation with environment, and soil of Mahasheer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Field data was recorded from fifteen different sites of the study area. Quadrat method was used for the sampling of vegetation. Exact location of each site, altitude, exposure, as well as geographical coordinates was noted by using geographical positioning system (GPS). To analyze...
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Tropical forests have the largest potential to mitigate climate change amongst the world’s forests through conservation of existing carbon pools and expansion of carbon sinks. Ethiopia is one of the tropical countries which have significant forest resources carbon stock and their associations with environmental variables have not been well studied. This study was completed with the aim of assessing carbon stock...
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Butterflies survey of an Eastern Ghat, near Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Devkund was carried out from November 2014 to March 2016 for species composition, relative abundance and species diversity of butterflies. Transect walk, point transect and direct observation methods were deployed for butterfly’s survey. Sampling sites were selected following the established transect on the edge around the waterfall, with an interval...
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Review on pollination and dispersal in open vegetation
Plant reproductive success varies widely within and among natural populations and understanding the factors, which developed the variation, could enhance the pollination and dispersal process. The basic premise is that as individuals become increasingly isolated reproductive processes, such as pollination and seed dispersal, begin to function less efficiently leading to Allee effects whereby declining population density or...
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Assessing human-induced threatening factors to wildlife is the basis in determining and proposing appropriate conservation measures. The present study was conducted to assess impacts of human activities on wildlife in Gambella National Park, Southwest of Ethiopia, from October 2015 to March 2016, focusing on the case of Nile Lechwe (Kobus megaceros). The data in this study were gathered using questionnaires with structured...
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Conserving precious urban fresh water bodies: A case study of Telangana, India
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognizes sovereign rights of States over their bioresources and also determines terms of accessing them, which is subject to their national legislation. India is among the 196 Contracting Parties to CBD and enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 to claim sovereign rights over its bioresources and associated traditional knowledge (TK), and to meet its national obligations...
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Wetlands are transitional points of habitats that are normally situated between a water body, vegetation cover and dry land. Human activities and climate change influence the net loss of natural features in global wetlands. However, in the earlier part of the 1990s, people began to understand the benefit of wetlands. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the level of anthropogenic activity in and around Baturiya...
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The present survey was carried out in 2 stretches of Yamuna River, India, with a total of 10 km down streams; 2 adults and 1 juvenile from Hamirpur and 6 adults and 3 juvenile from Ekdala River stretches were recorded after a long period. Various threats in the stretches, sand mining, fishing, ferries, cremations, water lifting for irrigation, agricultural cultivation on the river banks were also recorded during the...
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Avifauna species diversity of Leventis Farm and Leventis Conserved Woodland Edo State, Nigeria
The diversity and abundance of avian species in two study sites: Leventis Foundation Conserved woodland (LFCW), and Leventis Foundation Farmland (LFF) in the guinea agro-ecological zone in Edo state Nigeria was carried out between 2011 and 2013 covering dry and wet seasons. Two methods; Line Transect and Point Count Methods were randomly placed in the four study sites, were used to collect data on bird species diversity...
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Drill monkeys (Mandrillus leucophaeus) are known to be the most endangered species of primates in Africa. Hunting and habitat loss are believed to be the major causes of the species decline in Cameroon. It is for this reason that the study explored the behaviour of captive drills in Limbe Wildlife Centre (LWC) in line with reintroduction plan. Data collection started in May 15th 2016 and ended in August 15th 2016. Scan and...
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Detection and estimation of the extent of lost and threaten crop species in Tigray, Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, it is generally accepted that significant amount of genetic erosion has occurred and is still occurring but there are no data on its amount and extent. Likewise, less is known about causes and degree of genetic erosion on local varieties of crop species. Therefore, quantifying the amount of genetic erosion was equally important for devising conservation measures. The present study was conducted to assess the...
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Bush encroachment is reducing rangeland productivity in Borana rangelands. This study was conducted in Teltele Woreda of Borana zone, to evaluate the effects of bush encroachment on plant species composition, diversity and its contribution to carbon stock. Bush encroached, non-encroached and bush thinned rangeland types were selected for the study. Nested plots for collecting tree, shrub, herbaceous and soil data were...
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