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Africa is the world’s largest top producer of frankincense, which has been collected and traded by rural communities in the Horn of Africa for generations, providing livelihoods for millions of people. The study seeks to answer; what function do Boswellia species play in terms of livelihood income, and how do pastoralists and agro pastoralist contribute to the degradation or restoration of Boswellia species? What could be...
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The Integrated Development Program (IDP) model green model village project was introduced by the Government of Rwanda in 2009 to improve rural settlements. The program intended to rationalize land use and regroup the human settlements in rural areas on serviced sites equipped with the basic infrastructure and community amenities and contribute to their resilience to climate change impacts. The study is assessing the...
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Globally traditional knowledge on wild edible vegetables (WEVs) exists in most of communities, but this information is limited and incomplete in the Serengeti ecosystem. This study employed face to face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires to about 180 households to acquire the required information on the WEVs species they consume in their area. After analysis of the collected data, the results indicated that a...
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Pericopsis elata is a tall tree of high commercial value within moist and dry semi-deciduous West African forests. It is threatened with extinction, mainly due to overexploitation. Information on the reproductive phenology of such threatened but highly demanded trees remains crucial for taking conservation measures. This study examined the reproductive phenology of 50 individual trees relative to climatic variables, within...
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Agroforestry technologies (AFTs) have the potential for improving productivity but little effort has been made to study their species composition and diversity in Tanzania. The study aims to determine the variations of useful plant species composition and diversity across five agroforestry technologies. A plot size of 10 x 10 m was used to assess plants from each agroforestry technology. The useful plant species were...
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Human-Bear conflict is one of the major issues faced by local community in South Kashmir and Wildlife Protection Department of Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Due to the habitat degradation, the natural prey species has declined, resulting into the high frequency of black bear visits in forest fringes, which in turn causes the tremendous conflict with human beings. This paper aims to study this conflict, its causes,...
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The importance of tropical forests in the conservation of biodiversity can not be underrated. The Mbam and Djerem National Park (MDNP) is located in the forest-savanna transition zone, which gives it an exceptional biological diversity characterised by a wide variety of plant formations, a diversity of habitats and threatened animal species such as the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee finds almost all the food resources it needs...
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A field study in Chimit Kolla, Gozamen District, Ethiopia was conducted in November, 2020. The study aimed to evaluate the biodiversity loss and major conservation challenges in the area. Direct sighting of the animals in the field and indirect evidences like scats, prey leftover, and evidence from native key informants revealed higher wildlife potential of the area. However, intensive agricultural investment,...
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Africa as a tourism destination is seen as a wildlife tourism hotspot that contributes significantly to job creation, community upliftment, and conservation. Wildlife tourism is based on encounters with non-domestic animals that can occur in either the animal’s natural environment or in captivity. The interaction with the animals includes activities that are historically classified as consumptive and non-consumptive. This...
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Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., a spontaneous species from Guinean savannahs of West Africa, plays as socio-economic and cultural livelihood in rural areas of Benin. This study improved the knowledge of people about the uses of Pterocarpus erinaceus organs connected to the sociolinguistic diversity in Benin, intending to enhance the pathways of conservation and sustainable management of the species. A total of 506 respondents...
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Agroforestry practice play a crucial role for carbon regulation through carbon sequestration. Trees in agroforestry practice have received much attention recently due to their contribution for mitigate climate change . This study aimed at estimation of carbon stock in homegarden and parkland agroforestry practices. Accordingly, sixty plots (i.e. thirty 50m by 20 m plots were laid in parkland and thirty, 30 m by 30 m...
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This review examines the drastic changes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes Basin (ERVLB) that have sweeping environmental implications, and it attempts to show the new paradigm of integrated water resource management (IWRM) option focusing on a decision support system (DSS). The water bodies ERVLB are facing many threats. Also, there have been negligible efforts at ensuring the normal functioning of ecosystems....
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Millipedes have crucial role in environment especially in forest eco system, unfortunately we have very poor knowledge about it and we think its harmful invertebrate and venomous but it’s not, simultaneously we need to conserve this; therefore, it is important to understand about these are eco - friendly and best decomposer in forest eco system. The main objective of this work to update species descriptions and...
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The major goal of the current study was to evaluate the water quality at a part of the Damietta branch, Nile River of Egypt via water quality index (WQI) and biological indices. Selected 8 physicochemical parameters were measured in surface water to calculate WQI from 10 sampling sites monthly from January to December 2014. At the same time, bottom sediment collected to record benthos macro-invertebrates biodiversity in...
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Colobus monkey (Colobus guereza) presently registered as Data Lacking Animal on the IUCN Red list does not get conservation care. With the current increasing habitat loss and degradation across its geographic range, data on the activity patterns are essential to design a management plan the data could be to evaluate the UNESCO program under the Man and Biosphere Reserve's objective with respect to colobus monkey...
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Communities living adjacent to protected areas tend to express more willingness to coexist with large carnivores in their areas when they receive tangible benefits. The aim of this study was to explore people’s willingness to coexist with large carnivores, including lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and...
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Human modification of the land surface through the conversion of natural land into other land use types like agriculture and settlement has affected regional and global climate processes by changing the fluxes of mass and energy between an ecosystem and the atmosphere. This study was out to evaluate the effects of plantation agriculture on land use, land cover change in the Nguti sub division and to investigate resident’s...
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Despite the ecological significance, social and economic values and the roles being play by Pangolin their ecological roles remain under-studied in context to Nigeria. There is dearth of information on the current status, distribution, habitat preferred by Pangolin especially in the tropical rainforest ecoregion of Nigeria. Information on the overall habitat ecology, preference and the current distribution pattern of...
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Mammal inventories are essential tools for direct conservation strategies and management practices. Large mammals are often key stone species that maintain ecosystem stability and biodiversity. So, their inventories are very important to design planned conservation strategies and management practices. A study was carried out to assess population status and species diversity of wild large mammals in Ensessa kotteh wildlife...
Networks as Institutions: a biodiversity-based enterprises incubator
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This paper presents the network architecture (Nelson, 2008) and institutional dynamics of a "biodiversity green incubator" for the Peruvian Amazonian and Andes mountains areas, the “PerúBioInnova.” It is a kind of livelihood initiative, business model and economic mechanism that facilitates the development of new forest ecosystem-based opportunities, in which a benefit-sharing model has been developed, as well as a format...
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This study was premeditated to provide data on plant diversity management, organizational and functional structure, use diversity and management practices in home garden agroforestry practices. Interview with owners, discussions with local people and botanical inventories were applied to collect primary data. Secondary data were collected form online and documented sources. Species diversity data were calculated using...
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Secondary forests may act as buffer area and serve as reservoir for biotic components that are lost from primary forest due to anthropogenic disturbances. This study investigated the floristic composition, diversity and community structure of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-five main plots (each 50 m x 50 m) were randomly mapped out to enumerate tree species, five 10 m x 10 m...
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Urban forest patches act as a refuge for biological diversities. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the woody species diversity and structural composition potential of three urban forest patches of Masha and Teppi towns, Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Urban forest patches of Masha and Teppi towns were stratified into three patches namely government institution, churches and indigenous sacred sites. Totally 39...
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The Mbam and Djerem National Park (MDNP) is threatened by bush fires and particularly by uncontrolled late fires which compromise all of its biodiversity of the park. This study aims to assess the impact of fires on the plant diversity. To do this, plots were demarcated on the basis of the distribution of active fires, burned areas and ground measurements. A total of 56 herbaceous species have been identified. It also...
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As of the IUCN and other existing reports, most of the Colobine monkeys are not yet globally endangered. Nevertheless, many species are locally threatened. Therefore, data on Colobine population abundance and ecological preferences are important prerequisites for successful local and global conservation efforts but these data are often lacking. To address this gap, we estimated the abundance of Colobus guereza ssp. guereza...
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The study was carried out in SNNPR in Dawuro zone in general Essera district in particular. The study was focused on the assessment of farmers’ participation towards forest production and protection in Essera district of Dawuro zone. In the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained from the respondents through semi- structured questionnaires and, interview schedule Sample size was...
Geographic distribution, diversity and conservation status of giant millipedes in Cameroon
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Giant millipedes are one of the major groups of arthropods involved in the breakdown of organic matter and confined to tropical biomes. A review of giant millipedes from historical reports and new field data was carried out to assess distribution and diversity patterns in Cameroonian rainforest, while conservation status of endemic species was evaluated for the first-time using IUCN red list criteria and categories....
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Survey was conducted from July to December 2019, aimed at assessing medium and large-sized mammals’ diversity, and their major threats management of the study area in Fura-Faragosa Communal Forest (FFCF) areas, Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Systematic sampling design and Line transect field method using direct and indirect field observations were used to assess mammals and their threats, whereas key informant interview...
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Vegetation data were collected from 72 sample plots laid on the four transects. The size of the main plot was 20 mx20m for tree species. Socio-economic data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software packages. A total of 75 species of vascular plants belonging to 60 genera and 26 Families were identified from 72 plots from the study area. Out of these plant species, 20% were trees, 30.7 were shrubs, 33.3% were herbs and...
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A study was conducted on conservation status of Argo forest, Bena Tsemay district, South Omo zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and peoples National Regional State, Ethiopia. Four transects were taken from gravel road and individuals farmers land as a baseline. Physiographic data, DBH/DSH and height of all tree/shrub species were taken in all the 41 quadrates. The external pressure on the forest was also assessed using...
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This study was carried out from August 2018 to February 2019 to determine the conservation challenges of Banded Wattle Eye and Bannerman’s Turaco in the Njising-Tabenken Forest. The study used point transects. Point stations had radius of 50m and measured 100m apart. Transects were 500m long and randomly stratified. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect additional information on conservation challenges....
EFFECTS OF FOREST FIRE ON TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN OLOKEMEJI FOREST RESERVE, OGUN STATE
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The effect of forest fire on the forest trees at Olokemeji Forest Reserve was established in this study. The fire experimental plot was selected at the reserve. The site was divided into three plots; Plot A was tested with late fire treatment, Plot B was tested with Early fire treatment and plot C (without fire treatment). The diameter at breast height (Dbh) and tree height (m) of the tree species in the plots were...
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The study was conducted in Menz Guassa Community Conservation Area, North Showa, Ethiopia to assess the threats of wildlife and local community attitude towards wildlife conservation. It also aimed at distinguishing the driving force that contributes for the threats Questionnaires, and key formant interview were used to collect data. A total of 376 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were...
Woody Species Composition and Diversity in Homegardens in Bekoji Town, Southeast Ethiopia
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This study assessed the role of urban homegardens in woody species conservation in Bekoji Town, southeast Ethiopia. Ninety-six homegardens were identified using multistage sampling technique. Woody species inventory was made in 310 3m*10m quadrants. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H`), reciprocal of Simpson diversity index (1-D), evenness index (J`) and Margalef richness index (Dmg) were computed to determine alpha...
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This study was conducted to explore species diversity and relative abundance of birds in Lake Hawassa and its adjoining areas from August to February 2018. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling grids. Data were analysed by using PAST Software version 2.17c in analysing biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and Individual Rarefaction analysis. The result showed...
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Ability to measure accurately and precisely the amount of carbon sequestered in African forests will go a long way in reducing global warming. Therefore, this study determines the Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Carbon Sequestration Potential (CSP) and variation in tree species present in the Kwara State University. Square plot sampling of 100 by 100 meters was selected randomly for assessment. Trees with diameter at breast...
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Majority of Sub-Saharan Africa land mass is rangelands. However, rangelands are globally degrading rapidly, affecting the soil seed bank (SSB) of native plants, and, therewith, the long-term resilience towards environmental and human-induced pressure on the ecosystem. We investigated SSB in communally and seasonally enclosed (SE) grazing areas as influenced by sub-habitats of mature trees of Acacia tortilis and Acacia...
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Indigenous browse species can make a large contribution to livestock nutrition as they depend on such species during the dry and wet season. Despite the wide use of the browse species, no studies have been undertaken so far in the Southern zone of Tigray on utilization of such feed resources. The objectives of this study were to identify these feed resources and their utilization. A total of 103 households from five...
Avian Diversity and Abundance from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity and habitat association of avian fauna from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia. The avian fauna survey was carried out from March to April 2019 during the dry season. A stratified sampling method was used to demarcate the study area into three habitat types, including natural forest, bushland and riverine forest. In each habitat...
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A total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7 x 7 simple lattice design at two environments in south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia during 2018/19 main cropping season to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and yield-related traits. The combined / pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p< 0.001) among the 49 field pea genotypes for all the...
Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on germination and growth of Crotalaria exaltata Polhill Seeds
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The studies on effects of Eucalyptus globulus on seed germination and growth potential of Crotalaria exaltataseedswere conducted in Gullele Botanic Garden. For the germination test, the stock solution was prepared from leaves of E. globulus that collected from the garden site and inserted in boiled water for 24 hours. By serial dilution 25%, 50%, 75% of treatments were prepared. Seeds were pre-treated with boiled water and...
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Urban homegardens are important refuges for native biodiversity and climate change mitigation. This study investigated the potential of homegardens and government institution tree-planted, compounds for conservation of woody species and carbon sequestration in Jimma City. A complete counting of woody species within 138 homegardens and 39 sample plots (each 10 m × 10 m) placed in government institutions were surveyed....
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Global warming is now recognized as one of the major threats to the survival of species and the integrity of ecosystems worldwide. It modifies the geographical distributions of species, which in return affects the trends of climatic variations. This study was initiated to evaluate the impact of climatic variations on the distribution of the dominant plant species in the chimpanzee’s diet of Tai National Park. The...
Biodiversity of Anurans from Three Cocoa farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
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The research investigated the biodiversity of amphibians from cocoa farms in Ondo state. A total of 38 anurans were collected from three Cocoa farms, by handpicking under leaf litters, inside gullies, along river banks flowing through the farms and on trees. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the Laboratory where...
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This study assesses effects of environmental factors on: (1) the floristic composition and diversity of plant species, and (2) plant communities in selected Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) invaded districts of the Southern Afar Region, Ethiopia. Four sites from two districts Afar Region were selected for vegetation survey. Then, 64 sample quadrats were placed in the wood lands using preferential sampling design. Quadrats of...
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The effects of agrochemical applications on honeybee production was studied in Tigray regional state to assess the types of agrochemicals and their effects on honeybee colonies using a questionnaire survey and observation methods. From the 384 beekeepers interviewed, 52.3% of them are recognized as pesticides users. Moreover, there was significant variation in use of agrochemicals among beekeepers in the study districts (p
IN VITRO FLOWERING AND RAPID PROPAGATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.- A MEDICINAL PLANT
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The present investigation was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid and efficient in vitro clonal propagation of Cichorium intybus L. Efficient shoot regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. from embryogenic callus cultures has been obtained using thidiazuron (TDZ). In vitro nodes have been used as explant and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different phytohormonal concentrations and combinations. TDZ/IAA...
A review of Human Elephant Interactions in Tanzania, Are there proper mitigation measures?
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The success of biodiversity conservation and human societies depends intimately on the living components of natural and managed systems. Conservation of wildlife, especially elephants, is challenging under the increasing human population changes in land use systems. Land use/ land cover change (LULCC) affects the provision of ecosystem services for humans and habitat for wildlife and increase competition between humans and...
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The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in population’ sizes of the populations of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill, coupled with the discovery of a new population at Ga-Dikgale village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The newly discovered population lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. The abiotic...
Study of vegetation in the Kirala Kele partial-nature-based wetland of Southern Sri Lanka
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Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of hydrology, atmosphere and lithological factors of the environment as a unique unit. The analysis of biodiversity makes use of the vegetation species and ecosystem diversity of the Kirala Kele wetland area except genetic diversity. This research focuses on revealing the environmental importance of the biodiversity of the partial-nature-based wetland in Kirala...
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