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Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of various ecosystems worldwide. We aimed at assessing the vertical distribution of amount of soil organic carbon and sampling and analytical approaches on the amount of soil organic carbon in Miombo woodland. Soil samples were collected from circular plots (n = 33) with 15 m radius, each. A soil mini-pit was excavated to 30 cm...
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This study was conducted in Gibe Sheleko National Park from March to August 2015 covering wet and dry seasons. Sampling sites were taken based on the habitat characteristics and a transect line of 1 or less km with a distance of 250 to 300 m in between the transect lines was taken in the woodland habitat and point count was used in the riverine forest habitat. A total of 116 bird species consisting of 2 endemics to both...
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Human activities have affected the biodiversity of Lake Tana. Hence, this research evaluated water quality of Lake Tana by measuring biotic indices. Biotic diversity (Shannon-Weiner diversity index, H) was 3.07 in the dry season and 2.50 in the wet season. The impacted sites’ biotic diversity was H’ = 2.94 in the dry season and 2.49 in the wet season. Hence, diversity was more in the dry season. Thus, Lake Tana water...
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Information on butterflies in the Niger Delta Region is relatively scanty because monitoring of their activities and distribution has not been fully documented and these are paramount to establish their conservation protocols. The study therefore aimed at evaluating the species richness distribution pattern, and relative abundance of butterflies in the University of Port Harcourt. The University Park was purposively...
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The study was conducted in Menz Guassa Community Conservation Area, North Showa, Ethiopia to assess the threats of wildlife and local community attitude towards wildlife conservation. It also aimed at distinguishing the driving force that contributes for the threats Questionnaires, and key formant interview were used to collect data. A total of 376 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were...
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The population status of Osyris quadripartita (Africa sandalwood) is endangered in some places due to overexploitation for commercial values. The study aim was to assess distribution, association and structure at Arba Minch Zuria and Banna-Tsemay Districts, Southern Ethiopia. An inventory of species was carried out for determining the relative proportion of the selected woody species in communities. Systematic sampling was...
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Woody Species Composition and Diversity in Homegardens in Bekoji Town, Southeast Ethiopia
This study assessed the role of urban homegardens in woody species conservation in Bekoji Town, southeast Ethiopia. Ninety-six homegardens were identified using multistage sampling technique. Woody species inventory was made in 310 3m*10m quadrants. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H`), reciprocal of Simpson diversity index (1-D), evenness index (J`) and Margalef richness index (Dmg) were computed to determine alpha...
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Elevation has great impact on species’ diversity; it creates ecologically diverse vegetation. Studying species’ richness patterns at different scales is very important both for ecological explanations and effective conservation design. In this study, grass vegetation data were collected using systematic sampling methods. 18 transects and 54 quadrants were laid, with 6 transects and 18 quadrants from each selected study...
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Abundance, diversity and distribution of primates at Welel Mountain, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Diriba Fufa, 1 Dereje Yazezew, 2 and Gezahegn Degefe, 3 Sibhatu Gebrehiwot 4 1Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Raya University, P. O. Box 92, Maichew, Ethiopia. 2Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P. O. Box...
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This study was conducted to explore species diversity and relative abundance of birds in Lake Hawassa and its adjoining areas from August to February 2018. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling grids. Data were analysed by using PAST Software version 2.17c in analysing biodiversity indices, Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and Individual Rarefaction analysis. The result showed...
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Ability to measure accurately and precisely the amount of carbon sequestered in African forests will go a long way in reducing global warming. Therefore, this study determines the Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Carbon Sequestration Potential (CSP) and variation in tree species present in the Kwara State University. Square plot sampling of 100 by 100 meters was selected randomly for assessment. Trees with diameter at breast...
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Majority of Sub-Saharan Africa land mass is rangelands. However, rangelands are globally degrading rapidly, affecting the soil seed bank (SSB) of native plants, and, therewith, the long-term resilience towards environmental and human-induced pressure on the ecosystem. We investigated SSB in communally and seasonally enclosed (SE) grazing areas as influenced by sub-habitats of mature trees of Acacia tortilis and Acacia...
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Rangelands in Ethiopian highlands are among the most threatened ecosystems as a result of unregulated expansion of crop cultivation and overgrazing. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing forage species diversity and determining their conservation status in the study area. Vegetation data was collected from a total of 60 sample plots of 400 m2 and 300 subplots of 1 m2 for herbaceous species. Sample plots...
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Indigenous browse species can make a large contribution to livestock nutrition as they depend on such species during the dry and wet season. Despite the wide use of the browse species, no studies have been undertaken so far in the Southern zone of Tigray on utilization of such feed resources. The objectives of this study were to identify these feed resources and their utilization. A total of 103 households from five...
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Avian Diversity and Abundance from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia
This study was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity and habitat association of avian fauna from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia. The avian fauna survey was carried out from March to April 2019 during the dry season. A stratified sampling method was used to demarcate the study area into three habitat types, including natural forest, bushland and riverine forest. In each habitat...
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A total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7 x 7 simple lattice design at two environments in south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia during 2018/19 main cropping season to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and yield-related traits. The combined / pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p< 0.001) among the 49 field pea genotypes for all the...
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Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on germination and growth of Crotalaria exaltata Polhill Seeds
The studies on effects of Eucalyptus globulus on seed germination and growth potential of Crotalaria exaltataseedswere conducted in Gullele Botanic Garden. For the germination test, the stock solution was prepared from leaves of E. globulus that collected from the garden site and inserted in boiled water for 24 hours. By serial dilution 25%, 50%, 75% of treatments were prepared. Seeds were pre-treated with boiled water and...
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Urban homegardens are important refuges for native biodiversity and climate change mitigation. This study investigated the potential of homegardens and government institution tree-planted, compounds for conservation of woody species and carbon sequestration in Jimma City. A complete counting of woody species within 138 homegardens and 39 sample plots (each 10 m × 10 m) placed in government institutions were surveyed....
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This study assessed and documented ethnoecological knowledge of the indigenous people of Ada’a District that has important contribution in the conservation of wild medicinal plants. Both purposive and random sampling methods were used to collect appropriate data. Quantitative and qualitative ethnobotanical methods were used to analyze the ethnoecological data. A significance test on the indigenous knowledge variation of...
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Global warming is now recognized as one of the major threats to the survival of species and the integrity of ecosystems worldwide. It modifies the geographical distributions of species, which in return affects the trends of climatic variations. This study was initiated to evaluate the impact of climatic variations on the distribution of the dominant plant species in the chimpanzee’s diet of Tai National Park. The...
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Biodiversity of Anurans from Three Cocoa farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
The research investigated the biodiversity of amphibians from cocoa farms in Ondo state. A total of 38 anurans were collected from three Cocoa farms, by handpicking under leaf litters, inside gullies, along river banks flowing through the farms and on trees. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the Laboratory where...
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This study assesses effects of environmental factors on: (1) the floristic composition and diversity of plant species, and (2) plant communities in selected Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) invaded districts of the Southern Afar Region, Ethiopia. Four sites from two districts Afar Region were selected for vegetation survey. Then, 64 sample quadrats were placed in the wood lands using preferential sampling design. Quadrats of...
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A study on species composition, distribution, relative abundance and habitat association of small mammals was made in Aba Asrat Monastery during August, 2011- January, 2012, encompassing both wet and dry seasons. Four habitat types such as natural forest, bushland, farmland and grassland were selected based on representative vegetation types in the study area. In each habitat type, one representative grid was selected for...
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The effects of agrochemical applications on honeybee production was studied in Tigray regional state to assess the types of agrochemicals and their effects on honeybee colonies using a questionnaire survey and observation methods. From the 384 beekeepers interviewed, 52.3% of them are recognized as pesticides users. Moreover, there was significant variation in use of agrochemicals among beekeepers in the study districts (p
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IN VITRO FLOWERING AND RAPID PROPAGATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.- A MEDICINAL PLANT
The present investigation was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid and efficient in vitro clonal propagation of Cichorium intybus L. Efficient shoot regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. from embryogenic callus cultures has been obtained using thidiazuron (TDZ). In vitro nodes have been used as explant and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different phytohormonal concentrations and combinations. TDZ/IAA...
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This study was carried out in Lake Hawassa, Tikur wuha riverine habitat and Cheleleka wetland from August 2017 to February 2018. The study aims to investigate species composition, seasonal abundance and distribution of birds. Systematic random sampling techniques at an interval of 3km were used to select sampling blocks. T-test and one way ANOVA were applied for analysis of the effect of season on the composition and...
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A review of Human Elephant Interactions in Tanzania, Are there proper mitigation measures?
The success of biodiversity conservation and human societies depends intimately on the living components of natural and managed systems. Conservation of wildlife, especially elephants, is challenging under the increasing human population changes in land use systems. Land use/ land cover change (LULCC) affects the provision of ecosystem services for humans and habitat for wildlife and increase competition between humans and...
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The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in population’ sizes of the populations of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill, coupled with the discovery of a new population at Ga-Dikgale village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The newly discovered population lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. The abiotic...
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Study of vegetation in the Kirala Kele partial-nature-based wetland of Southern Sri Lanka
Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of hydrology, atmosphere and lithological factors of the environment as a unique unit. The analysis of biodiversity makes use of the vegetation species and ecosystem diversity of the Kirala Kele wetland area except genetic diversity. This research focuses on revealing the environmental importance of the biodiversity of the partial-nature-based wetland in Kirala...
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The need to conduct a detailed ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in populations’ sizes of two populations (Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill) coupled with the discovery of one new population in Ga-Dikgale village in Limpopo Province of South Africa. This latter population lacked scientific data necessary to effectively manage it. This study aimed to conduct a detailed...
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Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Ethiopia: Its Trend, Drivers and Effects on Forest Biodiversity
Land use and land cover changes are an all-time phenomena. Its dramatic increasing rate since the near past centuries imply a generational cost of sustainability. Thus, this article synthesizes different literatures and provides information that could be useful for understanding trends of land use and land cover change with its associated major drivers and effects on forest biodiversity in Ethiopia. Once, 40 percent of...
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Homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems are widely practiced in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite the practice and importance of the systems, there are very limited studies in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess plant diversity and composition of homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems in Yayu Biosphere Reserve. Forest inventory and household surveys were employed to collect data. Overall 101...
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Human-wildlife interaction challenges are too much in Africa, particularly in East Africa. The challenges are even larger related to baboons. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) conflict with humans and the local community attitude towards wildlife study was carried out in the Maze National Park, Ethiopia. It was investigated based on questionnaires, informant interview, focus group discussion and direct observation methods. The...
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Poaching continues to be reported by Nyungwe National Park (NNP) managers as a challenge to its conservation. This paper aimed to assess the factors influencing poaching and the impact on the conservation of NNP and to assess perceptions of local communities on the negative impact of poaching to the conservation of the protected area. Primary data collected using a checklist of questionnaire and secondary data was obtained...
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Global overpopulation is at the root of virtually all other environmental problems. In view of this situation the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of population pressure on Wabe vegetation in Abeshige district, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was followed. From the district, sub district Aewan, with in which part of Wabe vegetation located was selected purposefully to select...
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This study was undertaken in 2017 with the aim to bring out community perception that can contribute to the conservation of pangolins in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP). A survey was used for data collection with questionnaires administered, semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. Results showed that, 58% of respondents reported Smutsia gigantea as the most abundant pangolin species followed by...
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This study aimed to assess the vegetation structures and diversity in grazing land of the Abijata Shala Lake National Park in Ethiopia. The stratification of the site was done before sampling based on grazing intensity. Random sampling techniques were used for species composition, diversity and vegetation structure. Two grazing intensities, 12 sampling sites, and five plots per sample site were used that = 120 samples all...
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Abstract Integration of trees into land use practices is an old-aged experience of smallholder farmers in Southwest Ethiopia. The contribution of this practice is much undermined. The objective of this study was to assess socio-economic contributions of agroforestry system to smallholder farmers around Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 199 households were proportionally sampled from the three selected sites...
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The aim of this study was to find out variability, heritability, and genetic advance and trait associations for some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian two-rowed barley. Forty-nine, two-rowed barley landraces were tested in 7 x 7 simple lattice designs with two replications during the 2017 cropping season at the Mata research sub site of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC). A variance component analysis...
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Biocultural diversities and sacred natural site in particular, have been threatened due to pervasive nature of anthropogenic impacts. The menacing factors that affect sacred natural sites are not similar across the globe in degree and level of influences. Hence, this article aims at exploring anthropogenic menace on Me'e Bokko and Dararatu sacred shrines among Guji Oromo, in Adoolaa Reeddee and Annaa Sorraa districts,...
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The research was conducted in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The main aim is to evaluate how indigenous knowledge practices and traditional beliefs have been used successfully to enhance tree biodiversity and environmental conservation. It further explores the environmentally friendly traditions of human-nature interactions. The research was a descriptive ecological study by using biodiversity inventory (tree count)...
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Ensete ventricosum is a monocarpic perennial crop, in the genus Ensete. The ability of the crop to withstand drought conditions encourages farmers growing enset as a food security crop. Large numbers of enset clones are grown in a wide range of altitude where millions of people rely on it in Ethiopia. Studying enset clones wealth is vital for critical intervention on the clone’s diversity conservation The study was...
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Ecosystem services are the base for survival of mankind and play a significant role in economic development, prosperity, health, etc. Forest ecosystems afford a variety of services that human beings depend on from them. Arba Minch Forest ecosystem is a crucial asset that maintains the continuity and survival of the Arba Minch town and its environs. Despite its tangible and worthy ecosystem services, it has been exposed to...
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Climate variability is one of the major ecological challenges of the 21st century in Waza Logone Plain in the Far North region of Cameroon. The physical environment in this area has almost completly deteriorated as a result of declining rainfall and rising temperatures. A study was carried out to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in terms of climate variability in the Waza National Park. This study was based on both...
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Analysis of Forest Cover Change in Yabello Forest, Borana Zone, Ethiopia
Analyzing trends of land use and the change over time is an effective way for assessing the impact on ecosystem function. A study was conducted to detect forest cover change of Yabello forest between 1986 and 2016. The Land use maps of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 were derived from satellite images. The spatial pattern analysis indicated that the Yabello LULC is at dynamic state and forests had undergone substantial changes...
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This study examined the contribution of protected forest areas as means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forests in terms of tree species diversity and volume yield for in-situ biodiversity conservation. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare each, randomly located in the strict nature reserve, forest reserve, and sacred grove. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥...
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Frequent worsening of land resources have become a serious threat to both the ecological systems and economic development in Ethiopia. These problems attributed directly or indirectly to the rapid declining of forests in unsustainable use and management; to escape land degradation problem rehabilitation is best option and different studies shown in Tigray, Amhara (wello and shewa) and Oromia Region, exclosure is one of...
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This study was conducted in Kwanza, Trans-Nzoia County to determine the colonization pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in earthen fish ponds. This was done to ascertain the right stocking time of ponds when the natural fish food is in plenty. Two ponds were used for this study; one was treated with organic manure while the other was not fertilized. Sampling for physico-chemical parameters were then taken immediately...
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The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving the biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data....
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In this two phase study, first phase, the Deskwork (ERDAS Imagine, IRS-LISS4 data) identified six forest patches in the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, southern Western Ghats. In the second phase research focused on all six patches involving inspections, measuring and recording as well as interactions with forest managers and members of the indigenous community. Second phase aggregated data pertaining to presentation as...
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