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Maize is a primary crop in most farming systems and the staple food of the rural population in abundant of the mid-altitude sub- humid agroecology of Ethiopia. Nearly 88% of maize produced in Ethiopia is consumed as foboth sub-humid andmidb-humidand dry grain. Yet, it has low protein content since it is normal maize, with poor protein quality limited by deficiencies in lysine and tryptophan and has an excess of leucine and...
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Genotype x Environment interactions and identification of stable genotypes in crop breeding program production of grain crops under rain fed environment has become challenging. The study aimed to identify high yielding and stable durum wheat genotypes that best fit to the relatively long season high rain fall wheat growing environment of Ethiopia. In the study a total of 51 durum wheat genotypes including three standard...
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Frogeye Leaf Spot (FLS) is a soybean disease caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina. It is distinctly signified by red-brown circular lesions on the leaves that can move to the stems, pods, and seeds in severe infections. QoI inhibitor fungicides had been priorly used to control C. sojina, but resistance was quickly developed. Without adequate control, yield can be reduced to 40% when environmental conditions are...
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After 20 years of conservation of accessions of Tall coconut palms in the International Coconut Collection for Africa and the Indian Ocean (ICC-AIO), they become unusable because of the hight of the coconut palms which makes variety creation operations difficult. The regeneration of old accessions was therefore undertaken. However, the representativeness of the parental palms used as male or female genitors during the...
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Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important staple food crop cultivated by many smallholder farmers in drought prone areas of Africa for food, nutritional security and income generation. It serves as an important source of energy, proteins, minerals and calcium to many Ugandans. In addition, the sale of finger millet grain and value-added products like the different “busheera” beverages and local beer...
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Groundnut plays a significant economic role in the lowland and drought-prone regions of Ethiopia. During the main cropping season of 2021/22 in the North, Western Ethiopia Metekel zone at Pawe Agricultural Research Centre, genotypes of groundnut were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits. In an 8x8 simple lattice design, 64 groundnut genotypes were evaluated to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of...
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The success of a plant breeding program greatly depends on the right choice of parents for hybridization and the gene action of different economic traits. Genetic variation is a key component in broadening gene pools in any given crop population and is critical to the success of yield improvement program. However, limited genetic variation and lack of potential parents and hybrids are the most limiting factors for...
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The African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora is one of the major insect pests in Africa including Uganda. Yield losses of up to 100 % are attributed to the AfRGM in different rice growing regions, especially in lowland and irrigated. Some sources of resistance to AfRGM have be developed in West Africa but none of the varieties grown in Uganda is resistant. This study was aimed identifying genotypes with...
Agro-morphological diversity of Amaranth (Amaranthus ssp) Cultivated in Burkina Faso
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In Burkina Faso, phenotypic diversity for amaranth (Amaranthus ssp) has not been sufficiently described germplasm conservation, and cultivar development or improvement. This study evaluated 80 amaranth accessions collected from three climatic zones in Burkina Faso for 12 quantitative traits related to plant growth and agronomic producitivity. Accessions were planted in a Fischer block design with three replications at the...
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Seed yield is a complex quantitative trait, hence the knowledge of interrelationship between contributing characters and yield is pre-requisite to plan meaningful crop improvement program. A total of 64 bread wheat genotypes were planted at Werer Agricultural Research Center during 2019/20 to assess associations of traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield under both optimum and drought stress conditions....
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In spite of the importance of quality protein maize to alleviate protein deficiency, almost all maize varieties cultivated in Ethiopia are normal maize varieties, which are devoid of lysine and tryptophan. Perusing combining ability of QPM inbred for grain yield and its components is a vital to design appropriate breeding strategies for the development of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars. A line x tester analysis...
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Evaluation of soybean genetic backgrounds under different growing environments of Ethiopia is necessary to identify the most important traits in soybean genetic improvement. The present study were aimed to evaluate and identify the best performing soybean variety (s) for yield, oil content and estimate the association of yield, oil and other agronomic traits. Nineteen released soybean varities were evaluated in...
Inheritance and detection of QTL in cowpea resistance to brown blotch disease.
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Brown blotch disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici, is one of the most important disease affecting cowpea production in Burkna Faso. Every year the disease can cause yield losses as high as 42-100% in farmer’s fileds. In order to determine the nature of genes transmission, inheritance of the resistance has been undertaken. Seedlings of parents and F1, F2 and BC1F1 progeny from crosses involving four susceptible and four...
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Twenty genotypes consisting local collections and varieties of fenugreek were evaluated in (RBD) randomized block design for the assessment of genetic variability parameters. Genotypes under observation showed a significant variation (P=0.05) for characters under study. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability was recorded high for number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1,...
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8 Environments explained 49.4%, GxE interaction 28.1%, and genotypes only 5.6% of the total sum of squares due to treatments for the first year of studied period 2018-19 and 2019-20. More than 95% of variations had been accounted for by the first seven interaction principal components. Superiority indexes had identified WH1239, DBW187, HD3249 genotypes as per the BLUE estimates. Same genotypes were highlighted by...
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Sorghum is an important staple food crop in Kenya, but its yield is low due to many constraints that include; diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Twenty elite sorghum genotypes and one resistant check were evaluated in three replications in a complete randomized design in Agar Gel (AG) experiment and randomized complete block design on selected Striga hotspot farms at...
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The study was carried out at Huye, Nyanza and Muhanga districts, with a general objective to assess the major constraints and challenges of sericulture production in Rwanda and propose the way forward for the development of sericulture industry in Rwanda based on case studies of Huye, Nyanza and Muhanga districts. The study used a random sampling which involved three districts, three villages per district- and six...
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Maize landraces have the highest genetic variation and adaptation to less favourable farming environments. In Eswatini, maize landraces occupy about 20 percent of the maize crop planted annually. The current study was undertaken to assess the morpho-agronomic diversity, heritability and genotype by environment interaction among 70 genetically diverse maize landraces collected from different farmers in the country. The...
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Sorghum bicolor genotypes in Nigeria were assessed for variability in phenotypic parameters. Eight quantitative and ten qualitative parameters were evaluated in forty-five (45) Sorghum bicolor genotypes. The results from ANOVA and qualitative analyses showed that there was significant variation in the genotypes. Significant positive correlation was also observed amongst the parameters examined. Principal component analysis...
Agronomic and Yield Performance of Yellow Cassava Genotypes across Three Zones in Nigeria.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health concern for communities that depend mainly on cassava for their daily carbohydrate requirements. About 50% of Nigerians eat cassava at least once a day in various forms while 60% of children under the age of five and 20% of pregnant women in the country are faced with VAD. Therefore, breeding for enhanced pro-vitamin A in cassava to address both food and nutrition...
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This study was carried out at the Sakha agricultural research station, cotton research institute, agriculture research center (ARC), Egypt during the three growing seasons 2015, 2016 and 2017. The genetic material used in the present study consists of twelve genotypes, four of them as testers (male parents) and eight genotypes as female parents. In 2015 season the males and female parents were crossed according to line x...
Effect of planting density on vegetative growth and yield of Irish potato in Rwanda.
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Potato is one of the most important foods and cash crops in Rwanda. Even though potato has become a very popular food source in Rwanda but the productivity is still low due to many constraints including inappropriate plant spacing. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth and yield parameters of Irish potato. The experiment used Kuruseke variety with different...
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The scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is an African traditional vegetable grown for its edibles leaves and fruits, which can contribute to food security in Republic of Benin. However, very little information is available on the genetic variability of this vegetable for varietal improvement purposes. Sixty accessions of scarlet eggplantscollected throughout 52 villages in Benin republic were characterized using 34...
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The present research was designed to study the association of different agronomic and fiber quality traits through correlation analysis and the relative importance of each traits on lint yield. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result indicated that significant and positive association among four agronomic traits (boll number per plant, seed cotton yield, ginning...
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The experiments were conducted to estimate the combining ability and heterosis in yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola (Latitude 90 141 N and longitude 120 321 E) Adamawa state and at Taraba state Agricultural Development progroamme...
Water use efficiency: behavior of upland rice lines under water deficit.
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Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors that limit the yield potential of cultivars. In relation to water deficiency, the development of drought tolerant and water efficient cultivars is a priority in breeding programs. With this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic behavior of upland rice lines subjected to different irrigations depths aiming for the selection of genotypes that are...
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Ten yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes and two released cassava varieties (check) were evaluated in two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria to access their yield performance, agronomic parameters and genotypes by environment interaction effects. The study was conducted in 2017 and 2018cropping seasons at Umudike (humid rainforest)and Otobi (derived savanna), the trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)...
Characterization of Sorghum Genotypes Using Qualitative and Quantitative Traits
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The present investigation was carried out using 30 different sorghum genotypes grown in randomized block design from June-Dec. 2019. All genotypes were evaluated and classified on the basis of various DUS parameters viz., qualitative and quantitative as per the guidelines for the conduct of test for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability on sorghum by PPV & FRA, GOI. The observation were taken on five randomly selected...
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This study was conducted at research and farmers’ field. Seven new promising and three standard checks in total ten hybrid varieties were planted and evaluated in 2013 main season. At research field the genotypes were tested under sole and inter cropping in two replications and each genotype was planted in two rows using spacing 0.75 cm and 0.30 cm between consecutive maize rows and between plants, respectively....
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Geographical distribution of landrace robusta coffee due to its adaptability to different climatic conditions, necessitate the study of relative diversity of available cultivars among Nigeria farmers. Morphological markers proved basic information on observable traits. Six landrace accessions and one accession from germplasm were collected for this study. Ate-kekere (ATK), Shekoni (SEK), Iyamuye (IY1), Kabba bunu (KB3),...
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Association of traits between yield and yield components plays a great importance for the development of high yielding maize genotypes. The study included twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design at the main experimental station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Center with the aim of establishing the association and direct and indirect effect of various...
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Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated over two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019), at three locations in the irrigated scheme of Newhalfa, Sudan, to study the inter-relationships between yield, yield components and other agronomic traits of the genotypes. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Data were collected on grain yield, some of its components and other growth...
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A multi- locations field trial was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at three locations of Newhalfa irrigated scheme to estimate genotype by environment interaction for some growth attributes, yield and yield components of two wheat genotypes. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used to lay out the field trial. Highly significant differences at the genotypes level,...
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Chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the major biotic constraints of faba bean production in the highlands of Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed to evaluate the effect of varieties and fungicide spray frequency on disease development and crop performance. Field experiments involving four faba bean varieties and four fungicide (Mancozeb 80% WP) spray frequencies were carried out at two locations...
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The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease leading to substantial yield losses in Uganda. Therefore, it is necessary to test the reaction of R-genes to the strains of the fungus prevalent at a particular area to these genes before incorporating the carrier lines of such genes into a rice breeding programme through gene pyramiding. This study was aimed at understanding the effectiveness of R-genes to the...
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White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is rich in quality protein, relatively tolerant to drought, soil salinity and acidity, increase the fertility of soils and can contribute to improved agricultural sustainability, food security and reduce malnutrition which has close associations with climate change. This study was conducted to assess genetic variability of white lupin genotypes for agronomic traits and nutrient contents of...
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Pennissetum glaucum L. the poaceae family used to be grown under monocroping conditions where its succeeding yield in the same field is severely affected because of self toxicity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the self-toxic effect of P. gluacum (seeds and whole plant extracts) on its growth rate. It came out that pearl millet growth was enhanced by 5% of its aquous extract but significantly affected at...
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Sesame is a very important oil crop produced in Ethiopia mainly for export purposes. Regardless of wide cultivation of the crop it’s susceptibility to shattering is highly affecting yield and quality. Studies suggest that there is some natural variation towards shatter resistance in sesame. This study aims to quantify and screen non shattering capacities of seventy eight sesame accessions collected from different parts...
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Groundnut is an important legume crops for small scale farmers in different parts of Tigray region where recurrent drought stress and land degradation severely affects its yield and quality. Drought stress is the main yield and quality limiting factors in most of the groundnut producing regions. This study aimed at assessing the effect of drought stress on groundnut performance and differential yield response of genotypes...
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Quality seed is a key input for agriculture, with a direct impact on agricultural production and productivity. Local seed business (LSB) development in Ethiopia is focusing on organizing and supporting groups of farmers to produce and market quality seed of local preferences. The activities of four local seed businesses supported by University of Gondar and other partners are assessed from 2012 till 2018. These LSBs...
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Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) is a neglected and under-utilized crop consumed in several regions ofword. In order to assess performance of pigeonpea landraces grown in Benin for useful breeding programs, 50 accessions were collected from 39 villages. These accessions were characterized by using 12 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits. Based on the seeds morphological characteristics, the 50 accessions were...
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Extra-early maize cultivars offer a means to reduce the losses from recurrent drought stress in sub-Saharan Africa but limited knowledge on the stability and adaptability of these genotypes offer some set back on their importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the stability and adaptability of tropical extra-early maize genotypes for grain yield and key agronomic traits in Ghana. Thirty-three regional...
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Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food crop ranks fourth among pulse crops in Ethiopia. The yield of field pea is hampered due to the prevalence of powdery mildew disease. In view of the cost-effective solution for powdery mildew disease, host plant resistance is one of the most widely used control measure for this disease. Sixty nine field pea gene pools including one released variety were screened against...
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Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food crop ranks fourth among pulse crops in Ethiopia. The yield of field pea is hampered due to the prevalence of powdery mildew disease. In view of the cost-effective solution for powdery mildew disease, host plant resistance is one of the most widely used control measure for this disease. Sixty nine field pea gene pools including one released variety were screened against...
Variation among Colletotrichum Isolates Associated with Coffee Berry Disease in Ethiopia
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Variations among the populations of Colletotrichum species from diseased coffee berries were studied. A total of 35 Colletotrichum isolates representing 24 districts from major coffee producing regions of Ethiopia were studied on the basis of cultural, morphological and pathological characteristics. Isolates differed on their colony color, density, sector and acervuli. Mycelial growth rate varied significantly (p
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A field experiment was conducted to identify the best adapted and high yielding lentil variety at Shishinda sub-testing site of Bonga Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Eleven improved lentil varieties were used for this study. The varieties included in the study were Teshale, Alemaya, Alemtena, Assano, Gudo, EL-142, R-186, Ada’a,...
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In sugarcane and many other crops, crossing of varieties stand as the best was to generate variations for breeding and selection purposes. The research aimed to examine the performance of the reciprocal crosses in comparison with their bi-parental crosses. Twenty four bi-parental crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete design, at the breeding nursery of Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy, China. The...
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The procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction to recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. Therefore, 49 genotypes (hybrids + varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season to estimate the magnitude and nature of GEI for yield...
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Salinity is a major abiotic constrain faced by farmers in most rice cultivating areas of the world and improving grain yield in rice is the most important breeding objective. Twenty seven hybrids were generated in a line x tester mating design and were evaluated with their parents in a Randomized Complete Block Design at the fadama site of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) during the 2014/2015 and...
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Field experiment was done for eight malt barley varieties with the aim of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction and recommend stable variety. The design was randomized complete block with three replication in 2012-2013.The combined analysis of variance showed significant differences (P
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