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Ten yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes and two released cassava varieties (check) were evaluated in two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria to access their yield performance, agronomic parameters and genotypes by environment interaction effects. The study was conducted in 2017 and 2018cropping seasons at Umudike (humid rainforest)and Otobi (derived savanna), the trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)...
Characterization of Sorghum Genotypes Using Qualitative and Quantitative Traits
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The present investigation was carried out using 30 different sorghum genotypes grown in randomized block design from June-Dec. 2019. All genotypes were evaluated and classified on the basis of various DUS parameters viz., qualitative and quantitative as per the guidelines for the conduct of test for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability on sorghum by PPV & FRA, GOI. The observation were taken on five randomly selected...
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The primary efforts in any wheat breeding program is the targeting of important traits and the detection of genetic diversity among different wheat genotypes in different environments. Hence to identify prominent traits in wheat lines in low altitudes conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon, 38 wheat lines were characterized on the base of morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted in low...
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This study was conducted at research and farmers’ field. Seven new promising and three standard checks in total ten hybrid varieties were planted and evaluated in 2013 main season. At research field the genotypes were tested under sole and inter cropping in two replications and each genotype was planted in two rows using spacing 0.75 cm and 0.30 cm between consecutive maize rows and between plants, respectively. However,...
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Geographical distribution of landrace robusta coffee due to its adaptability to different climatic conditions, necessitate the study of relative diversity of available cultivars among Nigeria farmers. Morphological markers proved basic information on observable traits. Six landrace accessions and one accession from germplasm were collected for this study. Ate-kekere (ATK), Shekoni (SEK), Iyamuye (IY1), Kabba bunu (KB3),...
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Association of traits between yield and yield components plays a great importance for the development of high yielding maize genotypes. The study included twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design at the main experimental station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Center with the aim of establishing the association and direct and indirect effect of various...
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Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated over two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019), at three locations in the irrigated scheme of Newhalfa, Sudan, to study the inter-relationships between yield, yield components and other agronomic traits of the genotypes. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Data were collected on grain yield, some of its components and other growth...
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A multi- locations field trial was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at three locations of Newhalfa irrigated scheme to estimate genotype by environment interaction for some growth attributes, yield and yield components of two wheat genotypes. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used to lay out the field trial. Highly significant differences at the genotypes level,...
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The need to accelerate breeding for increased yield and better adaptation to drought is an issue of great concern because of the high demand for food and potential climate change poses further calamity. The study was designed to introgress drought-tolerant possessing genes into farmer-preferred varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and assess for post-flowering drought tolerance. Sixty-one converted...
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Chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the major biotic constraints of faba bean production in the highlands of Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed to evaluate the effect of varieties and fungicide spray frequency on disease development and crop performance. Field experiments involving four faba bean varieties and four fungicide (Mancozeb 80% WP) spray frequencies were carried out at two locations...
Impact of climate change on armyworm infestation on maize in Nigeria: A Review
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Maize (Zea mays) is an important food crop in Nigeria, and it is fast becoming the most widely cultivated crop. Several efforts have been made by the Nigeria Government to make the country self-sufficiency in maize production, but some biotic and abiotic factors are impeding this achievement. Among the biotic constraints militating against maize production in Nigeria, armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is most devastating in...
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The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease leading to substantial yield losses in Uganda. Therefore, it is necessary to test the reaction of R-genes to the strains of the fungus prevalent at a particular area to these genes before incorporating the carrier lines of such genes into a rice breeding programme through gene pyramiding. This study was aimed at understanding the effectiveness of R-genes to the...
Effectiveness of pyramided genes in conferring resistance to anthracnose disease in common bean
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Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et. Magn) Lams. Scrib.,) is one of the most devastating diseases that constrain common bean production in Uganda. A cascading pedigree pyramiding scheme was used to develop common bean populations to evaluate the effectiveness of pyramided and single resistance genes (Co-42, Co-43, Co-5, and Co-9) on disease development. Detached leaf trifoliates of F4:6 genotypes...
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Pennissetum glaucum L. the poaceae family used to be grown under monocroping conditions where its succeeding yield in the same field is severely affected because of self toxicity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the self-toxic effect of P. gluacum (seeds and whole plant extracts) on its growth rate. It came out that pearl millet growth was enhanced by 5% of its aquous extract but significantly affected at...
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Sesame is a very important oil crop produced in Ethiopia mainly for export purposes. Regardless of wide cultivation of the crop it’s susceptibility to shattering is highly affecting yield and quality. Studies suggest that there is some natural variation towards shatter resistance in sesame. This study aims to quantify and screen non shattering capacities of seventy eight sesame accessions collected from different parts of...
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Groundnut is an important legume crops for small scale farmers in different parts of Tigray region where recurrent drought stress and land degradation severely affects its yield and quality. Drought stress is the main yield and quality limiting factors in most of the groundnut producing regions. This study aimed at assessing the effect of drought stress on groundnut performance and differential yield response of genotypes...
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Quality seed is a key input for agriculture, with a direct impact on agricultural production and productivity. Local seed business (LSB) development in Ethiopia is focusing on organizing and supporting groups of farmers to produce and market quality seed of local preferences. The activities of four local seed businesses supported by University of Gondar and other partners are assessed from 2012 till 2018. These LSBs...
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Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) is a neglected and under-utilized crop consumed in several regions ofword. In order to assess performance of pigeonpea landraces grown in Benin for useful breeding programs, 50 accessions were collected from 39 villages. These accessions were characterized by using 12 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits. Based on the seeds morphological characteristics, the 50 accessions were...
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Extra-early maize cultivars offer a means to reduce the losses from recurrent drought stress in sub-Saharan Africa but limited knowledge on the stability and adaptability of these genotypes offer some set back on their importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the stability and adaptability of tropical extra-early maize genotypes for grain yield and key agronomic traits in Ghana. Thirty-three regional...
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Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food crop ranks fourth among pulse crops in Ethiopia. The yield of field pea is hampered due to the prevalence of powdery mildew disease. In view of the cost-effective solution for powdery mildew disease, host plant resistance is one of the most widely used control measure for this disease. Sixty nine field pea gene pools including one released variety were screened against...
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Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food crop ranks fourth among pulse crops in Ethiopia. The yield of field pea is hampered due to the prevalence of powdery mildew disease. In view of the cost-effective solution for powdery mildew disease, host plant resistance is one of the most widely used control measure for this disease. Sixty nine field pea gene pools including one released variety were screened against...
Variation among Colletotrichum Isolates Associated with Coffee Berry Disease in Ethiopia
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Variations among the populations of Colletotrichum species from diseased coffee berries were studied. A total of 35 Colletotrichum isolates representing 24 districts from major coffee producing regions of Ethiopia were studied on the basis of cultural, morphological and pathological characteristics. Isolates differed on their colony color, density, sector and acervuli. Mycelial growth rate varied significantly (p
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A field experiment was conducted to identify the best adapted and high yielding lentil variety at Shishinda sub-testing site of Bonga Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Eleven improved lentil varieties were used for this study. The varieties included in the study were Teshale, Alemaya, Alemtena, Assano, Gudo, EL-142, R-186, Ada’a, Derso,...
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In sugarcane and many other crops, crossing of varieties stand as the best was to generate variations for breeding and selection purposes. The research aimed to examine the performance of the reciprocal crosses in comparison with their bi-parental crosses. Twenty four bi-parental crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete design, at the breeding nursery of Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy, China. The...
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The procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction to recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. Therefore, 49 genotypes (hybrids + varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season to estimate the magnitude and nature of GEI for yield...
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Salinity is a major abiotic constrain faced by farmers in most rice cultivating areas of the world and improving grain yield in rice is the most important breeding objective. Twenty seven hybrids were generated in a line x tester mating design and were evaluated with their parents in a Randomized Complete Block Design at the fadama site of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) during the 2014/2015 and...
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Field experiment was done for eight malt barley varieties with the aim of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction and recommend stable variety. The design was randomized complete block with three replication in 2012-2013.The combined analysis of variance showed significant differences (P
Stability and Adaptability Analysis in Fine Grain Rice for Yield Attributes
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The analyses like Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotypic and Genotypic-by-Environment (GGE) analysis are being used world-wide to interpret Multiple Environment Trial (MET) very successfully by many researchers especially plant breeders. Measurement of relevant performance of tested genotypes and their stability over a number of tested environments particularly in terms of their yields, is...
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Interrelationships between quantitatively inherited plant traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield are very important in plant breeding. To generate such information, a field experiment was conducted in 2014 cropping season at Ofla District, Northern Ethiopia. Twenty six bread wheat genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Twelve quantitative traits were subjected...
Progress of soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) breeding and genetics research in Ethiopia: a review
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Ethiopia the second largest population in Africa and is one of the five fastest growing economies in the world. The global population is expected to increase by roughly 20% in the next 20 years. Agro-industries in Ethiopia like Jimma, Hawasa ,Mekele, Kombolcha and the like needs providing tax exemptions for oil processing plants to use the close destination opportunity to the European markets for contributing for foreign...
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The adaptation nature and pattern of a variety is important in variety recommendation to target environment. Nineteen bread wheat varieties were tested across sixteen environments of Tigray with the objective of identifying higher yield and stable variety across wider environments. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant difference for...
Assessment of Genotype and Environment Interaction (GEI) to determine Mega-environment in Cotton
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Cotton is a cash crop which contributes avalueaddition in the economy of Pakistan. The 65 genotypes were tested in 14 unique environments (areas) through a graphical approach of GGE biplot to decide the mega environment/s. The GGE biplot was made by plotting the scores of genotypes and environments of PC1 against their respective scores of second principal component (PC2). The GGE biplot of mega-environmental investigation...
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Cotton is a major export product of Pakistan. Drought stress is the major environmental factor that negatively impacts cotton yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to evaluate the effects of four moisture regimes on yield and quality attributes of four cotton genotypes. The trial laid-out in randomized complete block design with...
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The present study was conducted on thirty-six common bean (Pharsalus vulgaris L.) Genotypes across six contrasting environments defined for its different soil fertility status and located at the southern Ethiopia. The genotypes were arranged in 4 x 4 triple lattice design and executed for two successive main cropping seasons with the objectives to evaluate yield performance of common bean genotypes and identification of...
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Wheat is a major cereal crop produced at different agro-ecologies of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. However, an access of improved bread wheat variety is highly limited, especially for moisture stressed areas of the Zone. Due to this and other preceding factors, the potential of the area to wheat crop is not exploited. So, there is a need to develop and promote technologies that suit for the area. As a result, the current...
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The experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping season. With the objective of to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association and thereby comparing the direct and indirect effect of traits on grain yield of maize inbred lines. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for grain yield per hectare, thousand kernel weight, ear height, ear...
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A participatory varietal trial on Spring Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at farmer’s field of Dhamilikuwa, Lamjung with an objective to find out high yielding spring rice genotypes of farmer’s interests with study of variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, preference score and character association between yield and yield attributes during spring season 2017. Seven spring rice genotypes were laid out in randomized...
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Proper type and amount of fertilizer application is the major factor that affects grain quality of durum wheat. Hence, field experiment was carried out on farmer’s field to determine the effect of blended NPS in combination with nitrogen on grain quality of durum wheat during 2016 cropping season. Factorial combinations of three blended NPS levels (100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) each supplemented with five levels of nitrogen...
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Ten low-N open pollinated maize varieties were converted to inbred line after six generations of selfing and used to study the genetic effects of grain yield and other agronomic traits. The 10 inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 90 F1 hybrids (45 crosses and 45 reciprocals). The 90 F1 along with their parents were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farms of Ekiti State University,...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of several indices to identify drought resistant genotypes of rice under normal and stress conditions in Egypt. Thirteen drought tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought...
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Genetic diversity is important for crop improvement. An experiment was carried out at Merowe Research Station, Northern state of Sudan, during two consecutive winter seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance and genetic advance as percentage of the mean for yield and other growth attributes in twenty four bread wheat...
The impact of climate change on coffee production and genetic resources
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Coffee is one of the most valuable traded commodities and comprises about 1% of the overall value of world trade. Coffee is today grown in more than 60 tropical countries of the world and accounts for a significant part of the foreign exchange earnings of many countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Central America. An estimated 25 million farmers depend on coffee for their livelihoods. Despite its importance for...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as monkey nut and peanut is the second most important lowland oilseed after sesame, and has become an important high value crop grown in the dry land areas of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is considerably low in Abergelle due to insufficient improved and disease resistant/ tolerant varieties. Thus, a field experiment was conducted...
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Stable yield performance of genotypes is very important in countries like Ethiopia where means to modify environments are limited. However, occurrence of significant genotype X environment interaction (GEI ) complicates selection of stable genotypes. In Ethiopia, the yield potential of common bean varieties is underutilized due to poor addressing of all potential areas and mismatch between selection and production...
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Developing and formulation of plant base fungicides is a new approach in the management of plant diseases that avoids enviromental pollution and enables a more efficient control of pathogenic fungal diseases of agricultural plants. Extracts from leaf part of Melia azedarach were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. Melia azedarach is a small to medium deciduous tree, an attractive...
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Water deficit and phosphorus deficiency are important limiting factors in crop production in tropical Africa. The physiological, biomass production and yield responses of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions namely; Yaya Gulele, Legambo and Moretina Jiru were evaluated at three water deficit and two phosphorus levels under glasshouse condition. The water deficit treatments were imposed at the vegetative (28 days...
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Understanding methods of genetic estimations and implementing through appropriate way in wheat breeding can predicts the desirable and productive crosses which help plant breeder in selection of desirable and acceptable crosses for future selection strategy. The present study were conducted during winter 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Chitral, KP-Pakistan for the estimation of heterosis,...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in Ethiopia, but its productivity in farmers’ field through out the country is generally low due to limitation of high yielding improved maize hybrid varieties. Knowledge of combining ability and gene action is essential to identify good combiner inbred lines and high yielding potential hybrids to replace the local open-pollinated varieties. The objectives were to evaluate...
Studies on heterosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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A 6 × 6 parent full diallel set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) was studied for better parent and standard variety. The magnitude of heterosis from F1s was calculated for days to heading, days to maturity, tillers per plant, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. This study showed that the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids over better parents and standard variety...
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The efficacy of two plant essential oils and their ground powders(Lippia javanica and Microglossa pyrifolia) in reducing post-harvest loss caused by Sitophilus zeamais in maize was determined in the laboratory. Each plant powder and essential oil was tested by exposing adult weevils of mixed sex to two levels of 2 and 4 g/20 g of grains and 0.5 and 2.0 ml/100 g of grains for plant powders and essential oils respectively...
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