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The available maize germplasm contains sufficient genetic variability for pro-vitamin A content which could be utilized for development of pro-vitamin enriched varieties aimed at reducing vitamin A deficiency among millions of resource-limited Africans. Fifty-one (51) maize inbred lines from Nigeria and CIMMYT (Zimbabwe) comprising of thirty-seven (37) yellow and fourteen (14) white endosperm types were evaluated in...
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Interrelationships between quantitatively inherited plant traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield are very important in plant breeding. To generate such information, a field experiment was conducted in 2014 cropping season at Ofla District, Northern Ethiopia. Twenty six bread wheat genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Twelve quantitative traits were subjected...
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Progress of soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) breeding and genetics research in Ethiopia: a review
Ethiopia the second largest population in Africa and is one of the five fastest growing economies in the world. The global population is expected to increase by roughly 20% in the next 20 years. Agro-industries in Ethiopia like Jimma, Hawasa ,Mekele, Kombolcha and the like needs providing tax exemptions for oil processing plants to use the close destination opportunity to the European markets for contributing for foreign...
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Resistance Mechanisms of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species)
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are the most devastating and as such they cause significant yield loss in tomato production. They are widely distributed in major tomato producing areas especially in warm climatic conditions. Because of the environmental impact of the application of pesticides, the use of nematode resistant varieties is becoming the most effective alternative to control root-knot nematodes....
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Genetic action and potency of maize in an 8×8 diallel cross growing under saline condition
Twenty-eight hybrids of Zea mays L. produced from 8×8 half diallel mating design along with their parents were evaluated under saline condition to find out genetic action and potency ratio of some agronomic and yield contributing traits. Genetic action and potency ratio were analyzed following Hayman’s diallel analyses and Smith’s formula, respectively.Genetic parameter like Additive variance (D), dominance variance (H1),...
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Recent advances in carotenoid breeding in African staple crops and the implications on nutrition
The importance of vitamin A and other carotenoids in controlling micronutrient based deficiencies in particular VAD has been emphasized in recent years. This has resulted into demands for availing these nutrients in forms that are easily accessible for most of the populations in micronutrient deficient areas. Specifically in Africa, various programs have been instituted to bio-fortify crops with nutrients with more...
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Haploid breeding is an effective method of shortening plants breeding period. To develop a haploid breeding technique, this study was conducted to investigate the optimum conditions of the culture medium for anther-derived callus induction in ‘Seolhyang’ strawberries. We analyzed the effects of culture medium type, myo-inositol, auxin and cytokinin combination treatment, AgNO3, and Fe-EDTA on anther-derived callus...
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The adaptation nature and pattern of a variety is important in variety recommendation to target environment. Nineteen bread wheat varieties were tested across sixteen environments of Tigray with the objective of identifying higher yield and stable variety across wider environments. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant difference for...
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Assessment of Genotype and Environment Interaction (GEI) to determine Mega-environment in Cotton
Cotton is a cash crop which contributes avalueaddition in the economy of Pakistan. The 65 genotypes were tested in 14 unique environments (areas) through a graphical approach of GGE biplot to decide the mega environment/s. The GGE biplot was made by plotting the scores of genotypes and environments of PC1 against their respective scores of second principal component (PC2). The GGE biplot of mega-environmental investigation...
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The objective was to assess morphological diversity of the elite chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties of Ethiopia. Nineteen elite varieties of chickpea in Ethiopia were used to analyze the means and components of variability (genetic, phenotypic and environmental), and interrelationships (genetic and phenotypic) for yield and various other yield components. Such nineteen varieties were planted by the technique of...
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Cotton is a major export product of Pakistan. Drought stress is the major environmental factor that negatively impacts cotton yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to evaluate the effects of four moisture regimes on yield and quality attributes of four cotton genotypes. The trial laid-out in randomized complete block design with...
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The present study was conducted on thirty-six common bean (Pharsalus vulgaris L.) Genotypes across six contrasting environments defined for its different soil fertility status and located at the southern Ethiopia. The genotypes were arranged in 4 x 4 triple lattice design and executed for two successive main cropping seasons with the objectives to evaluate yield performance of common bean genotypes and identification of...
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Variation for Seedling Stage Drought Tolerance among cowpea Recombinant Inbred lines
The use of multiple traits for drought study affirms the complexity of drought tolerance in cowpea compared to other crops. Despite the availability of several traits for drought tolerance evaluation, the rapid screening technique used by many scientists for seedling drought in wooden boxes is the simplest method for screening large populations. The objective of this study was to select drought tolerant cowpea recombinant...
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Wheat is a major cereal crop produced at different agro-ecologies of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. However, an access of improved bread wheat variety is highly limited, especially for moisture stressed areas of the Zone. Due to this and other preceding factors, the potential of the area to wheat crop is not exploited. So, there is a need to develop and promote technologies that suit for the area. As a result, the current...
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Twenty one tomato (Lycoperscion Esculentum Mill.) genotypes were evaluated during 2011/2012 to estimate the magnitude of heritability, genetic advances, and to obtain information on association of different characters with fruit yield and among themselves. The experiment was conducted at Mizan-Tepi University trial field using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. High genetic advance accompanied...
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In most parts of the world peppers have become a popular spice to add hotness to food in addition to their much needed nutrients of carotenoids and vitamins. The general aim of the project is to improve the aroma and carotenoid contents of pepper genotypes using the combinations of modern biotechnology tools and the traditional techniques of hybridization and selection, however, this report has its objective on the...
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The experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping season. With the objective of to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association and thereby comparing the direct and indirect effect of traits on grain yield of maize inbred lines. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for grain yield per hectare, thousand kernel weight, ear height, ear...
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Developing high-yielding, extra-long grainrice crop varieties with biotic and abiotic tolerance is the foremostobjective of agriculture development projects world-wide. These fertilizer-responsive, high yielding varieties have given rise to agricultural revolutions in past decades and has helped poor farmers increase theirproduction and income in the face of considerablerise in world population. Stagnant yield of previous...
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A participatory varietal trial on Spring Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at farmer’s field of Dhamilikuwa, Lamjung with an objective to find out high yielding spring rice genotypes of farmer’s interests with study of variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, preference score and character association between yield and yield attributes during spring season 2017. Seven spring rice genotypes were laid out in randomized...
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Proper type and amount of fertilizer application is the major factor that affects grain quality of durum wheat. Hence, field experiment was carried out on farmer’s field to determine the effect of blended NPS in combination with nitrogen on grain quality of durum wheat during 2016 cropping season. Factorial combinations of three blended NPS levels (100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) each supplemented with five levels of nitrogen...
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In Ethiopia, farmers are cultivating potato under a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite its genetic potential, the productivity of potato is relatively low. Among the long list of production constraints, the absence of high yielding and disease resistant varieties in different corners of the country are the prominent ones. Its suitable edaphic and climatic conditions make the highlands of Girarjarso Woreda...
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Ten low-N open pollinated maize varieties were converted to inbred line after six generations of selfing and used to study the genetic effects of grain yield and other agronomic traits. The 10 inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 90 F1 hybrids (45 crosses and 45 reciprocals). The 90 F1 along with their parents were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farms of Ekiti State University,...
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A Field experiment was carried out to determine direct and indirect effects of yield and its components in castor accessions at Melkassa, central rift valley of Ethiopia under irrigation in 2014. The experiment was conducted using RCBD design with 3 replications and a total of 48 castor accessions were evaluated. Number of capsules per plant, number of primary branches per plant, length of inter node and hundred seed...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of several indices to identify drought resistant genotypes of rice under normal and stress conditions in Egypt. Thirteen drought tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought...
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Genetic diversity is important for crop improvement. An experiment was carried out at Merowe Research Station, Northern state of Sudan, during two consecutive winter seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance and genetic advance as percentage of the mean for yield and other growth attributes in twenty four bread wheat...
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The impact of climate change on coffee production and genetic resources
Coffee is one of the most valuable traded commodities and comprises about 1% of the overall value of world trade. Coffee is today grown in more than 60 tropical countries of the world and accounts for a significant part of the foreign exchange earnings of many countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Central America. An estimated 25 million farmers depend on coffee for their livelihoods. Despite its importance for...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as monkey nut and peanut is the second most important lowland oilseed after sesame, and has become an important high value crop grown in the dry land areas of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is considerably low in Abergelle due to insufficient improved and disease resistant/ tolerant varieties. Thus, a field experiment was conducted...
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Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested to assess the genetic variability, among studied genotypes. The genotypes were grown in alpha-lattice design at Tongo sub-center of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. Analysis of variance revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations. From...
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Stable yield performance of genotypes is very important in countries like Ethiopia where means to modify environments are limited. However, occurrence of significant genotype X environment interaction (GEI ) complicates selection of stable genotypes. In Ethiopia, the yield potential of common bean varieties is underutilized due to poor addressing of all potential areas and mismatch between selection and production...
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The Low national or regional tef productivity is mainly attributed by lack of improved agronomic practices. In spite of, broadcast method of sowing has been predominantly used in the past years; new agronomic practices should be in place to increase the productivity of the crop. Row planting and transplanting is one of the promising planting techniques proved to boost the yield of tef. The objective of this study was to...
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Developing and formulation of plant base fungicides is a new approach in the management of plant diseases that avoids enviromental pollution and enables a more efficient control of pathogenic fungal diseases of agricultural plants. Extracts from leaf part of Melia azedarach were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. Melia azedarach is a small to medium deciduous tree, an attractive...
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Water deficit and phosphorus deficiency are important limiting factors in crop production in tropical Africa. The physiological, biomass production and yield responses of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions namely; Yaya Gulele, Legambo and Moretina Jiru were evaluated at three water deficit and two phosphorus levels under glasshouse condition. The water deficit treatments were imposed at the vegetative (28 days...
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Understanding methods of genetic estimations and implementing through appropriate way in wheat breeding can predicts the desirable and productive crosses which help plant breeder in selection of desirable and acceptable crosses for future selection strategy. The present study were conducted during winter 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Chitral, KP-Pakistan for the estimation of heterosis,...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in Ethiopia, but its productivity in farmers’ field through out the country is generally low due to limitation of high yielding improved maize hybrid varieties. Knowledge of combining ability and gene action is essential to identify good combiner inbred lines and high yielding potential hybrids to replace the local open-pollinated varieties. The objectives were to evaluate...
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Studies on heterosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
A 6 × 6 parent full diallel set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) was studied for better parent and standard variety. The magnitude of heterosis from F1s was calculated for days to heading, days to maturity, tillers per plant, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. This study showed that the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids over better parents and standard variety...
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CURAUÁ GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GERMPLASM BANKS AND NATURAL POPULATIONS
Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L. B. Sm.) Coppens & F. Leal, populary known as curauá, is a bromeliaceae, found in the Amazonian flora, of great commercial interest, mainly for the automobile industry. Despite the curauá potential, little has been done to conserve its germplasm. For this, its necessary to know its genetic variability. An efficient way of knowing it is to use molecular markers because they are...
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The efficacy of two plant essential oils and their ground powders(Lippia javanica and Microglossa pyrifolia) in reducing post-harvest loss caused by Sitophilus zeamais in maize was determined in the laboratory. Each plant powder and essential oil was tested by exposing adult weevils of mixed sex to two levels of 2 and 4 g/20 g of grains and 0.5 and 2.0 ml/100 g of grains for plant powders and essential oils respectively...
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Impact of climate change on armyworm infestation on maize in Nigeria: A review
Maize (Zea mays) is an important food crop in Nigeria, and it is fast becoming the most widely cultivated crop. Several efforts have been made by Nigeria government to make the country self-sufficiency in maize production but some biotic and abiotic factors are impeding problems. Among the biotic constraints militating against maize production in Nigeria, armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is most devastating in the recent...
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Repeatability and number of harvests required for selection in coconut hybrid varieties
In the breeding of perennial plant species, the coefficient of repeatability is an important parameter because it allows effective early selection of superior genotypes, thus saving time and cost. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum numbers of years required for observation to identify superior genotypes of coconut with high degree of accuracy. Four hybrid varieties of coconut were evaluated in a...
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Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes
Cross and self-pollination compatibility studies were carried out using 10 Cola nitida genotypes from the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan. The few genotypes that were self-pollinated tended to show low pod production; whereas, crosses between the genotypes showed higher pod production. These data would suggest that multiple genotypes should be included in plantations to achieve higher levels of...
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Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance
Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) storage insect pest in the tropics which reduces the quantity and quality of maize hence facilitating establishment of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize weevil resistance on selected inbred lines. Twenty eight inbred lines with 2 checks (MTPO701-reistant and Duma 41-susceptible) were used in this...
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The genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has an influence on the selection and recommendation of genotypes. To this end, G x E interaction and grain yield stability study was conducted for 17 advanced Ethiopian mustard across three districts (Sinana, Adaba and Agarfa) in the highlands of Bale zone during 2014 and 2015 main cropping season. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The combined...
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The importance of volatiles produced by three Maruca vitrata host plant in host foraging by the parasitoid Apanteles taragamae was assessed in laboratory conditions. Different odor sources consisted of uninfested flowers, mechanically damaged flowers, M. vitrata-infested flowers and clean air arranged in various combinations were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer. The influence of volatiles produced by flowers of three...
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The experiment was conducted in Marigat and Koibatek in Kenya from 2013 to 2014 under irrigation conditions in two environments. The main objective of the study was to investigate the morphological variability of 36 pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) accessions sourced from ICRISAT Kenya. Eight agro-morphological parameters were measured using the pearl millet descriptors. The experimental design was randomized complete...
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Infertile soil mainly due to low nitrogen (N) has become an important abiotic stress affecting maize production. Progress in breeding for varieties that tolerate low-N stress has been slow due to complex genetic control. Breeders have therefore resulted to the use of secondary traits in multiple traits selection indices for selection of best genotypes under low-N condition. The objectives of this study were to identify...
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Soil chemical properties and garden egg (Solanum spp) performance under different organic amendment
Field experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the experimental farm of National Horticultural Research Institute Mbato out-Station Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of different organic amendments on some soil chemical properties and performance of five garden egg varieties. The treatments were five garden egg varieties (Solanum gilo, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum...
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