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Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is one of the most consumed fruits around the world. The species is differentiated into three botanical races: Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian. A genetic characterization of a Colombian avocado germplasm collection (N = 105) preserved since 2006 and 92 avocado “criollo” trees sampled in Antioquia was made with 12 microsatellites. Colombian avocado exhibits higher genetic diversity (13.9...
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Inbred line development requires information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and transmissibility of desired trait in source populations. In this study, the level of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of thirteen agronomic and fresh yield traits among twelve shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted for two years Ibadan, Nigeria using a...
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Genetic diversity analyses of rice germplasm using morphological traits
The study of genetic diversity of any germplasm helps to facilitate its use and management. This experiment was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 87 rice accessions from six countries. Seventeen quantitative traits were recorded based on the internationally accepted standard evaluation system for rice from IRRI. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation amongst quantitative...
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Information on the genetic diversity and agronomic prospective of barley landraces is a central duty to plan strategic exploitation, directed collections and introductions of germplasms. Study on barley landraces revealed that, the variability among the tested 100 barley landraces is highly sufficient to implementing selection for high yielding and early maturing landraces appropriate for areas. The result revealed, the...
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Drought is the most important abiotic constraint limiting groundnut production and yields across the world, including the three Northern Regions of Ghana. There is limited information about inheritance of drought tolerance genes in groundnuts. Genetic development of varieties that have the ability to better use limited available water is needed. Therefore, the current study sought to estimate the heritability and genetic...
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Stability and Adaptability Analysis in Fine Grain Rice for Yield Attributes
The analyses like Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotypic and Genotypic-by-Environment (GGE) analysis are being used world-wide to interpret Multiple Environment Trial (MET) very successfully by many researchers especially plant breeders. Measurement of relevant performance of tested genotypes and their stability over a number of tested environments particularly in terms of their yields, is...
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Diallel Analysis of Scald and Net blotch Resistance in barley
Scald and net blotch are major foliar diseases of barley causing high yield losses worldwide including Ethiopia. Development of varieties with double resistance is an effective approach of managing both diseases. However, the genetic background of the barley parents was not studied for future resistance breeding. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess genotype performances against scald and net blotch, study gene...
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Interrelationships between quantitatively inherited plant traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield are very important in plant breeding. To generate such information, a field experiment was conducted in 2014 cropping season at Ofla District, Northern Ethiopia. Twenty six bread wheat genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Twelve quantitative traits were subjected...
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Progress of soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) breeding and genetics research in Ethiopia: a review
Ethiopia the second largest population in Africa and is one of the five fastest growing economies in the world. The global population is expected to increase by roughly 20% in the next 20 years. Agro-industries in Ethiopia like Jimma, Hawasa ,Mekele, Kombolcha and the like needs providing tax exemptions for oil processing plants to use the close destination opportunity to the European markets for contributing for foreign...
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The adaptation nature and pattern of a variety is important in variety recommendation to target environment. Nineteen bread wheat varieties were tested across sixteen environments of Tigray with the objective of identifying higher yield and stable variety across wider environments. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant difference for...
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Assessment of Genotype and Environment Interaction (GEI) to determine Mega-environment in Cotton
Cotton is a cash crop which contributes avalueaddition in the economy of Pakistan. The 65 genotypes were tested in 14 unique environments (areas) through a graphical approach of GGE biplot to decide the mega environment/s. The GGE biplot was made by plotting the scores of genotypes and environments of PC1 against their respective scores of second principal component (PC2). The GGE biplot of mega-environmental investigation...
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Cotton is a major export product of Pakistan. Drought stress is the major environmental factor that negatively impacts cotton yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to evaluate the effects of four moisture regimes on yield and quality attributes of four cotton genotypes. The trial laid-out in randomized complete block design with...
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The present study was conducted on thirty-six common bean (Pharsalus vulgaris L.) Genotypes across six contrasting environments defined for its different soil fertility status and located at the southern Ethiopia. The genotypes were arranged in 4 x 4 triple lattice design and executed for two successive main cropping seasons with the objectives to evaluate yield performance of common bean genotypes and identification of...
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Wheat is a major cereal crop produced at different agro-ecologies of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. However, an access of improved bread wheat variety is highly limited, especially for moisture stressed areas of the Zone. Due to this and other preceding factors, the potential of the area to wheat crop is not exploited. So, there is a need to develop and promote technologies that suit for the area. As a result, the current...
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Twenty one tomato (Lycoperscion Esculentum Mill.) genotypes were evaluated during 2011/2012 to estimate the magnitude of heritability, genetic advances, and to obtain information on association of different characters with fruit yield and among themselves. The experiment was conducted at Mizan-Tepi University trial field using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. High genetic advance accompanied...
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The experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping season. With the objective of to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association and thereby comparing the direct and indirect effect of traits on grain yield of maize inbred lines. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for grain yield per hectare, thousand kernel weight, ear height, ear...
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Developing high-yielding, extra-long grainrice crop varieties with biotic and abiotic tolerance is the foremostobjective of agriculture development projects world-wide. These fertilizer-responsive, high yielding varieties have given rise to agricultural revolutions in past decades and has helped poor farmers increase theirproduction and income in the face of considerablerise in world population. Stagnant yield of previous...
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A participatory varietal trial on Spring Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at farmer’s field of Dhamilikuwa, Lamjung with an objective to find out high yielding spring rice genotypes of farmer’s interests with study of variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, preference score and character association between yield and yield attributes during spring season 2017. Seven spring rice genotypes were laid out in randomized...
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Proper type and amount of fertilizer application is the major factor that affects grain quality of durum wheat. Hence, field experiment was carried out on farmer’s field to determine the effect of blended NPS in combination with nitrogen on grain quality of durum wheat during 2016 cropping season. Factorial combinations of three blended NPS levels (100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) each supplemented with five levels of nitrogen...
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In Ethiopia, farmers are cultivating potato under a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite its genetic potential, the productivity of potato is relatively low. Among the long list of production constraints, the absence of high yielding and disease resistant varieties in different corners of the country are the prominent ones. Its suitable edaphic and climatic conditions make the highlands of Girarjarso Woreda...
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Ten low-N open pollinated maize varieties were converted to inbred line after six generations of selfing and used to study the genetic effects of grain yield and other agronomic traits. The 10 inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 90 F1 hybrids (45 crosses and 45 reciprocals). The 90 F1 along with their parents were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farms of Ekiti State University,...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of several indices to identify drought resistant genotypes of rice under normal and stress conditions in Egypt. Thirteen drought tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought...
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Genetic diversity is important for crop improvement. An experiment was carried out at Merowe Research Station, Northern state of Sudan, during two consecutive winter seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance and genetic advance as percentage of the mean for yield and other growth attributes in twenty four bread wheat...
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The impact of climate change on coffee production and genetic resources
Coffee is one of the most valuable traded commodities and comprises about 1% of the overall value of world trade. Coffee is today grown in more than 60 tropical countries of the world and accounts for a significant part of the foreign exchange earnings of many countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Central America. An estimated 25 million farmers depend on coffee for their livelihoods. Despite its importance for...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as monkey nut and peanut is the second most important lowland oilseed after sesame, and has become an important high value crop grown in the dry land areas of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is considerably low in Abergelle due to insufficient improved and disease resistant/ tolerant varieties. Thus, a field experiment was conducted...
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Stable yield performance of genotypes is very important in countries like Ethiopia where means to modify environments are limited. However, occurrence of significant genotype X environment interaction (GEI ) complicates selection of stable genotypes. In Ethiopia, the yield potential of common bean varieties is underutilized due to poor addressing of all potential areas and mismatch between selection and production...
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Developing and formulation of plant base fungicides is a new approach in the management of plant diseases that avoids enviromental pollution and enables a more efficient control of pathogenic fungal diseases of agricultural plants. Extracts from leaf part of Melia azedarach were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. Melia azedarach is a small to medium deciduous tree, an attractive...
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Water deficit and phosphorus deficiency are important limiting factors in crop production in tropical Africa. The physiological, biomass production and yield responses of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions namely; Yaya Gulele, Legambo and Moretina Jiru were evaluated at three water deficit and two phosphorus levels under glasshouse condition. The water deficit treatments were imposed at the vegetative (28 days...
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Understanding methods of genetic estimations and implementing through appropriate way in wheat breeding can predicts the desirable and productive crosses which help plant breeder in selection of desirable and acceptable crosses for future selection strategy. The present study were conducted during winter 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Chitral, KP-Pakistan for the estimation of heterosis,...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in Ethiopia, but its productivity in farmers’ field through out the country is generally low due to limitation of high yielding improved maize hybrid varieties. Knowledge of combining ability and gene action is essential to identify good combiner inbred lines and high yielding potential hybrids to replace the local open-pollinated varieties. The objectives were to evaluate...
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Studies on heterosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
A 6 × 6 parent full diallel set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) was studied for better parent and standard variety. The magnitude of heterosis from F1s was calculated for days to heading, days to maturity, tillers per plant, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. This study showed that the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids over better parents and standard variety...
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The efficacy of two plant essential oils and their ground powders(Lippia javanica and Microglossa pyrifolia) in reducing post-harvest loss caused by Sitophilus zeamais in maize was determined in the laboratory. Each plant powder and essential oil was tested by exposing adult weevils of mixed sex to two levels of 2 and 4 g/20 g of grains and 0.5 and 2.0 ml/100 g of grains for plant powders and essential oils respectively...
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Impact of climate change on armyworm infestation on maize in Nigeria: A review
Maize (Zea mays) is an important food crop in Nigeria, and it is fast becoming the most widely cultivated crop. Several efforts have been made by Nigeria government to make the country self-sufficiency in maize production but some biotic and abiotic factors are impeding problems. Among the biotic constraints militating against maize production in Nigeria, armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is most devastating in the recent...
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Repeatability and number of harvests required for selection in coconut hybrid varieties
In the breeding of perennial plant species, the coefficient of repeatability is an important parameter because it allows effective early selection of superior genotypes, thus saving time and cost. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum numbers of years required for observation to identify superior genotypes of coconut with high degree of accuracy. Four hybrid varieties of coconut were evaluated in a...
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Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes
Cross and self-pollination compatibility studies were carried out using 10 Cola nitida genotypes from the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan. The few genotypes that were self-pollinated tended to show low pod production; whereas, crosses between the genotypes showed higher pod production. These data would suggest that multiple genotypes should be included in plantations to achieve higher levels of...
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Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance
Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) storage insect pest in the tropics which reduces the quantity and quality of maize hence facilitating establishment of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize weevil resistance on selected inbred lines. Twenty eight inbred lines with 2 checks (MTPO701-reistant and Duma 41-susceptible) were used in this...
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The genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has an influence on the selection and recommendation of genotypes. To this end, G x E interaction and grain yield stability study was conducted for 17 advanced Ethiopian mustard across three districts (Sinana, Adaba and Agarfa) in the highlands of Bale zone during 2014 and 2015 main cropping season. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The combined...
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The importance of volatiles produced by three Maruca vitrata host plant in host foraging by the parasitoid Apanteles taragamae was assessed in laboratory conditions. Different odor sources consisted of uninfested flowers, mechanically damaged flowers, M. vitrata-infested flowers and clean air arranged in various combinations were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer. The influence of volatiles produced by flowers of three...
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The experiment was conducted in Marigat and Koibatek in Kenya from 2013 to 2014 under irrigation conditions in two environments. The main objective of the study was to investigate the morphological variability of 36 pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) accessions sourced from ICRISAT Kenya. Eight agro-morphological parameters were measured using the pearl millet descriptors. The experimental design was randomized complete...
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Infertile soil mainly due to low nitrogen (N) has become an important abiotic stress affecting maize production. Progress in breeding for varieties that tolerate low-N stress has been slow due to complex genetic control. Breeders have therefore resulted to the use of secondary traits in multiple traits selection indices for selection of best genotypes under low-N condition. The objectives of this study were to identify...
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Soil chemical properties and garden egg (Solanum spp) performance under different organic amendment
Field experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the experimental farm of National Horticultural Research Institute Mbato out-Station Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of different organic amendments on some soil chemical properties and performance of five garden egg varieties. The treatments were five garden egg varieties (Solanum gilo, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum...
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