June 2016
Occurrence and estimated losses caused by cassava viruses in Migori County, Kenya
A farm survey was conducted in Kuria East and Suna West sub-counties to determine the incidence, severity and estimated losses of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) on cassava crops in farmers’ fields. The results showed that cassava is the second most important staple crop after maize in Migori County. CMD incidence ranged from 0.0 to 56.7%) in Kuria East and 10.0 to 55.0% in...
June 2016
Village poultry production system: Perception of farmers and simulation of impacts of interventions
This study identified perception of poultry farmers’ on impact of interventions in village poultry production and quantified the impacts of interventions on flock and economic performance using modelling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on perceptions of poultry keeping and performances from 240 randomly selected households in two districts of Ethiopia. Crop was the major source of income, and...
June 2016
Influence of cowpea root powder and exudates on germination and radicle length in Striga hermothica, sorghum and pearl millet strains
The root parasitic weed Striga hermonthica constitutes a threat to cereals production in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea has been used as a rotational or a companion crop to combat the parasite on cereals with varying success. The present investigation was set to study the effects of root powder from 12 cowpea genotypes and root exudates from two genotypes on germination and radicle length in S. hermonthica, sorghum and...
June 2016
The decrease of potential suitable areas and the distribution tendency of staple crops in Ethiopia under future climate conditions
Rain-fed agriculture is the most common pattern for Ethiopian smallholders, while it is sensitive to climate change in the future. In order to predict the impact of climate change and decrease the risk of food crisis in Ethiopia, the potential crops suitability of teff (Eragrostis tef), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) were simulated and suitable distribution were analyzed by using GIS-MCE...
June 2016
Nutritional technological characterization and secondary metabolites in stored carioca bean cultivars
The recommendation of bean cultivars and the use of appropriate storage techniques allow the quality characteristics of these grains to be preserved for human consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of storage on three cultivars of the common carioca bean in raw form and to determine the relationships between storage time and technological quality parameters involved in the darkening and...
June 2016
Effect of chitosan-based coating on postharvest quality of tangerines (Citrus deliciosa Tenore): Identification of physical, chemical, and kinetic parameters during storage
In this study, chitosan-based coating was used in tangerines in a 30-day storage period, at controlled temperature of 10°C. The selected fruits presented green surface (± 90%); they were sanitized in chlorinated water (100 mg/L) then immersed in chitosan solutions at chitosan concentrations of 0.5 g/100 ml (T2), 1 g/100 ml (T3), and 2 g/100 ml (T4) and a lot was placed aside as control treatment (T1)....
June 2016
Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization affecting wheat productivity
In order to optimize the use of nitrogen (N), the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 strain, as regards the productivity of wheat plantations combined with different N doses. The experiments were carried out in four municipalities in Minas Gerais (Brazil) under randomized block design with four replications. Forty percent of the N dose was applied at...
June 2016
Toxicity and repellency of plant extracts on Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero & Dellapé) (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)
The eucalyptus bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, is an exotic pest of eucalyptus crops that has spread worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous plant extracts at 5% of Matricaria chamomilla, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Punica granatum, Maytenus ilicifolia and Origanum majorana on T. peregrinus. For this, choice and no-choice tests were performed. Eucalyptus leaf disks were...
June 2016
Genetic diversity assay of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds based on morphometric traits and SSR markers
Twenty maize genotypes (19 inbred lines and a commercial hybrid) were studied assessing the extent of genetic diversity for 21 qualitative and quantitative morpho-metric traits and 18 expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) markers. A wide range of variation was observed among the 20 maize genotypes for quantitative traits predominantly for plant height, ear height, days to tasseling, days to silking,...
June 2016
Control of white mold in bean plants by homeopathic medicines
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the main Brazilian agricultural crop. It is affected by numerous diseases during its life cycle; one of these includes the white mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The objective of this study was to verify the control of white mold in bean plants by homeopathic medicines. Two tests were performed: In the first test, the medicine Calcarea carbonica was used,...
June 2016
Evaluation of intraspecific hybrids of yellow passion fruit in organic farming
The objective of this work was to evaluate 14 hybrids intraspecific of yellow passion fruit aiming to select those with higher performance in an organic production system in Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: Plant growth rate index, segregation for peel color, accumulated productivity, fruit physical-chemical attributes, severity of virus disease in plants and fruits, scabs in...
June 2016
Impact of xenobiotics on microbial activity in soil cultivated with forage cactus Opuntia ficus-indica
Changes on soil microbial activity may be triggered by different management approaches and the study of the effects of such changes on xenobiotics, of non-target populations, may represent a valuable strategy to evaluate their environmental risk potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Phytosanitary control measures over microbial activity and genetic variability of bacteria in soil...
June 2016
Assessment of harvest and post-harvest factors affecting quality of Arabica coffee in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
The quality of coffee produced in Gamo Gofa zone is declining from time to time due to improper harvesting and post-harvest management practices. Consequently, coffee produced under home garden is recognized as forest coffee at national market. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2012-2013 with the objective of assessing factors affecting coffee quality during and after harvest. Totally, 160 household respondents...
June 2016
Use and management of pasture in the cerrado biome: Impacts on aggregation of an oxisol
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of a dystrophic Oxisol in the Cerrado biome, by means of its aggregation, after 19 years of use and management with pasture. The treatments were soil with natural vegetation (CERR); and soil with Brachiaria decumbens cultivar Basilisk pasture, under the following four types of management: soil with maintenance-level fertilization, every two years, and with...
June 2016
Roles of conjugated double bonds in electron-donating capacity of sorghum grains
Sorghum bicolor is cultivated worldwide as a staple food and forage, and is receiving a renewed interest as a bioenergy crop. The objective of this study was to understand the relationships between the function (redox and metal complexation) and structural properties (aromaticity and ionizable functionalities) of (poly) phenolic pigments in the pericarp of sorghum grain which will ultimately control its...
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