Full Length Research Paper
References
Abuyeka Z (2021). List of cotton ginneries in Kenya. Available online: |
|
Access to Seeds Index (ASI) (2019). Western and Central Africa. Available online: |
|
Agricultural and Food Authority (AFA) (2022). |
|
AFDB (2013). The State of Kenya's Private Sector. Africa Development Bank. |
|
Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) (2021). About AGOA. AGOA. Available online: Info. |
|
Africa Harvest Biotechnology Foundation International (AHBFI) (2007). A global vision with an African focus to fight poor nutrition with nutrient-rich crops. The Africa Biofortified Sorghum M Mid-term Report. 2007. Available online: |
|
African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) (2021). TELA Maize Project. TELA Maize Technology. |
|
African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) (2021a). About the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Available online: |
|
African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) (2021b). Press Release-The AfCFTA Secretary-General tours Egypt to support the AfCFTA national level implementation. |
|
African Seed Trade Association (AFSTA) (2021). Mission, Vision, Objectives. |
|
AGRA (2020). AGRA-Seeds-Systems-Development-Approach. |
|
Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) (2012). Agricultural Cooperatives Sector Development Strategy 2012-2016. |
|
Alliance for Science (2021). Kenyan farmers reap bountiful first harvest of GM cotton" Cornell University, USA. |
|
Anon (2021). The Textile Industry in Kenya. Kohan Textile Journal. |
|
Arora A, Bansal S (2012). Diffusion of Bt cotton in India: Impact of Seed Prices and Varietal Approval. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 34(1):102-118. |
|
Arora A, Malik DP (2019). An overview of cotton industry in India: policy implications and perspectives. Journal of Cotton Research and Development 33(2):303-313. |
|
Bruce ET, Yves Carrière Y (2019). Global Patterns of Resistance to Bt Crops Highlighting Pink Bollworm in the United States, China, and India. Journal of Economic Entomology 112(6):2513-2523. |
|
Byjus (2022). Names of 10 best cooperative societies in India. |
|
CIMMYT (2022). TELA Maize Project. |
|
Codex (2009). Foods derived from modern biotechnology. Second Edition. World Health Organization/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2009. |
|
COMESA (2022). What is COMESA. COMESA Objectives and Priorities. |
|
Conroy J (2018). Ethiopia progress in GMO crops. |
|
Cotton Development Authority (CODA) (2008). Strategic Plan 2008-2013. |
|
Cotton Development Authority (CODA) (2010). The Status Report on the Cotton Industry in Kenya for ICAC Plenary Meeting in Lubbock, Texas. |
|
Dhurua S, Gujar GT (2011). Field-evolved resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), from India. Pest Management Science 67(8):898-903. |
|
East African Community (EAC) (2021b). East Africa Community- One People. Common Union- What is the Common Union. |
|
East African Community (EAC) (2021c). East Africa Community- One People, One Destiny. Common Market. What is the Common Market? |
|
East African Community (EAC) (2021a). East Africa Community-One People, One Destiny. Integration Pillars. |
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2006). Guidance document of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms for the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants and Derived Food and Feed. EFSA Journal 99:1-100. |
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2009). Scientific report of EFSA prepared by the GMO Unit on Public Consultation on the Updated Guidance Document of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed. The EFSA Scientific Report 293:1-18. |
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2010). EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants. EFSA Journal 8(11):1879. |
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2011). Scientific Opinion on Guidance for risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modified plants. EFSA panel on genetically modified organisms (GMO). EFSA Journal 9(5):2150. |
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2017). Guidance on allergenicity assessment of genetically modified plants. 15(6):e04862. |
|
Eleksie (2017). Cotton, Textile and Apparel Sector - Kenyan Overview. |
|
Embassy of Kenya, Brussels (2022). Kenya ACP-EU Relations. Origin of partnership. |
|
Environmental Protection Authority (1998). Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. In EPA (ed.). Environmental Protection Agency. Available online: |
|
European Commission (2021). Economic Agreements-Contonou. |
|
Europeanseed (2019). Seeds for Africa Access. |
|
FAO/WHO (2001). Evaluation of the allergenicity of genetically modified food of plant origin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. |
|
FAOSTAT (2012). Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cotton in Kenya. |
|
Fibre Crops Directorate (2021). |
|
GAIN (2021). Cotton and Products Update April, Global Information Network, USDA. |
|
Githinji (2021). The Role and Functions of Kenya Government in Kenya. |
|
Gitonga WJ, Macharia MK, Mungai A, Njue H, Karanja DK, Olweny H (2007). Cotton Production, Constraints, and Research Interventions in Kenya. Agricultural Research Centre, Cotton Development Authority, CABI Africa. |
|
Government of Kenya (GoK) (2013). SACCO Societies Act No. 14 of 2008 Revised 2012. |
|
Government of Kenya (GoK) (2015). Kenya Apparel and Textile Industry- Diagnosis, Strategy and Action Plan. Ministry of Industrialization and Enterprise development. Prepared by World Bank Group and Global Development Solutions for the Ministry of Industrialization and Enterprise Development. |
|
Government of Kenya (GoK) (2012a). Co-operative Societies Act Chapter 490. |
|
Government of Kenya (GoK) (2007). Kenya Vision 2030. |
|
Government of Kenya (Gok) (2012b). Law of Kenya-Seeds and Plant varieties Act-Chapter 326 Revised Edition. |
|
Government of Kenya (GoK) (2017). The Big Four" - Immediate priorities and actions Specific Priorities for the new term. |
|
Government of Kenya Gok (2010a). The Constitution of Kenya, 2010. |
|
GoK (2010b). Kenya National Climate Change Response Strategy. Government of Kenya. |
|
Henley EC, Taylor JRN, Obukosia SD (2010). The importance of dietary protein in Human Health: Combating Protein Deficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa through Transgenic Biofortifed Sorghum. Advances in Food and Nutrition research 60:21-52. |
|
Ikiara MM, Ndirangu LK (2003). Developing a Revival Strategy for Kenya's Cotton-Textile Industry: A Value Chain Approach. Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) Working Paper No. 8. Nairobi, Kenya. |
|
ISAAA (2021). Malawi moves to make Bt cotton seed accessible. |
|
James C (2015). Brief 51 20th Anniversary (1996 to 2015) of the Global Commercialization of Biotech Crops and Biotech Crop Highlights in 2015. Available online. |
|
Jurat-Fuentes JL, Gould FL, Adang MJ (2003). Dual resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa toxins in Heliothis virescens suggests multiple mechanisms of resistance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(10):5898-5906. |
|
KALRO (2020). Kenya National Biosafety Authority Approves Genetically Modified Cassava. |
|
Kenya BCH-CBD (2016). Risk Assessment for the Application Involving Environmental Release of Insect Protected Mon 15985 cotton and its varietal derivatives in Kenya. |
|
Kenya Investment Authority (KIA) (2016). Investment motion Investment (KIP). Cotton, Textile and Apparel Sector Investment Profile. A report of Kenya Investment Authority. |
|
Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC) (2022). Part 3. The Functions and powers of the Counties. View |
|
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) (2021a). Seed Certification and Plant Variety Protection Services- Plant Variety Testing and Release, National Performance Trials, |
|
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) (2021b). Plant Variety Testing and Release. View |
|
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) (2021c). Phytosanitary-Seed Certification and Plant variety protection services. |
|
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) (2022). Variety Release Catelogue. National Crop Variety List 2022. |
|
Kenya National Biosafety Authority (KNBA) (2022a). Genome Editing Guideline. |
|
Kenya National Biosafety Authority (KNBA) (2021b). Biosafety Regulations. |
|
Kenya National Biosafety Authority (KNBA) (2011). Biosafety regulations-Environmental Release Regulations. |
|
KNBA (Kenya National Biosafety Authority) (2019). Approved Genetically Modified Organisms Projects- Decision on Bt Cotton Approval. |
|
KNBA (Kenya National Biosafety Authority) (2021c). Approved Genetically Modified Organisms Projects- Contained Use (Trials at Laboratory, Growth Chambers, Green House and Animal Facilities), Confined Field Trials, Import and Transit, Decision on Bt Maize, Decision on Bt Cotton Approval. |
|
KNBA, Kenya National Biosafety Authority (Kenya) (2021a). Biosafety Act 2009. |
|
Magomere, Titus O, Ngugi K, Obukosia SD, Mutitu E, Shibairo S (2015). Real Time PCR Mediated Determination of the spontaneous occurrence of Sorghum Bicolor Alleles in Wild Sorghum Populations. African Journal of Biotechnology 14(7):551-568. |
|
Malicha W, Njoroge L (2020). Assessing the Cotton, Textile and Apparel Sector Employment Potential in Kenya. KIPPRA Discussion Paper No. 229. |
|
Matheka G (2021). A look at the potentials of Kenya's textile industry. HAPAKENYA. |
|
Mexico BCH-CBD (2017a). Solicitud 031/2016_Etapa Comercial, Gossypium hirsutum L. evento MON-15985-7 x MON-88913-8. |
|
Mexico BCH-CBD (2017b). Solicitud 029/2016_Programa Piloto,Gossypium hirsutum L. evento SYN-IR1Ø2-7 x MON-15985-7 x MON-88913-8 x MON-887Ø1-3. |
|
Mexico BCH-CBD (2017c). Solicitud 031/2016_Etapa Comercial, Gossypium hirsutum L. evento MON-15985-7 x MON-88913-8. |
|
Monroy L, Malinga W, Witwer M (2012). Analysis of Incentives and disincentives of Cotton in Kenya. View |
|
Monsanto (2000). Safety, Compositional, and Nutritional Aspects of Bollgard II Cotton Event 15985 Conclusion Based on Studies and Information Evaluated According to FDA's Policy on Foods from New Plant Varieties. |
|
Mutuku R (2019). The Big Four Agenda of the government explained. TUKO best news platform. View |
|
Mwasiagi JI, Kitiyu L, Ndaro MS, Sitati S, Ambrose Kiprop A (2015). A study of the quality of Kenyan cotton rotor spun yarn. African Journal of Textile and Apparel Research 1(1):13-17. |
|
National Biosafety Management Agency of Nigeria (NBMA) (2019). National Biosafety Management Agency (Amended Act 2019). |
|
Njoroge LK, Wario MW (2021). Constraints along the Cotton Textile and Apparel Value Chain in Kenya. |
|
Nkechi I (2020). Nigeria and Farmers will control Bt cotton seeds production. |
|
Obukosia S, Olalekan A, Woldeyesus S, Savadogo M, Timpo S, Modupe AM, Sunday A, Kebere J, Ouedraogo J, Aggrey A, Makinde D (2020). Regulatory Options of New Breeding Techniques and Biosafety Regulatory Options among Selected Countries: A Review. Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresources Technology 6(3)-18-35. |
|
Obukosia S (2014). Biotechnology of nutritionally enhanced food crops targeting malnutrition in rural agricultural populations: the case study of Africa Biofortified Sorghum." Biotechnology in Africa. Springer, Cham, 2014. 157-177. |
|
Olalekan A, Obukosia S, Woldeyesus S, Savadogo M, Timpo S, Ouedraogo J, Mbabazi R, Karim Maredia K, Makinde D, Ambali A (2021). Commercial Release of Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Interface between Biosafety Regulatory Systems and Varietal Release Systems. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:605937. |
|
Onyango C, Miencha F, Waiyaki N, Omiti J, Kiringai J (2009). Enhancing Competitiveness of Kenya"s Cotton and Textile. KIPPRA . Discussion Paper No. 982009. |
|
Ping C, Zuo-Yu Z, Glassman K, Dolde D, Hu TX, Jones TJ, Obukosia SD, Wambugu F, Albertsen (2016). Elevated vitamin E content improves all-trans B-carotene accumulation and stability in biofortified sorghum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(39):11040-11045. |
|
RIVATEX (2022). Modernization, how it enhanced production. Available Online. |
|
Rocha-Munive MG, Soberón M, Castañeda S, Niaves E, Scheinvar E, Eguiarte LE, Mota-Sánchez D, Rosales-Robles E, Nava-Camberos U, Martínez-Carrillo JL, Blanco CA, Bravo A, Souza V (2018). Evaluation of the Impact of Genetically Modified Cotton After 20 Years of Cultivation in Mexico. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 6:82. |
|
Ruotsi J (1989). Cotton Ginning Industry in Kenya: The Case of the Cooperative ownership and management mode. |
|
SIFA CB (2014). The role of cooperatives in agricultural development and food security in Africa. Available online: |
|
Silk Road Briefing (2021). The African Continental Free Trade Agreement Starts from 1st January 2021. Available online |
|
South Africa BCH-CBD (2015). Risk Assessment of Risk assessment of MON15985 x MON88913. View |
|
Storer NP, Babcock JM, Schlenz M, Meade T, Thompson GD (2010). Discovery and characterization of field resistance to Bt maize: Spodoptera frugiperda in Puerto Rico. Journal of Economic Entomology 103(4):1031-1038. |
|
USAID (2017). The Feed the Future Southern Africa Seed Trade Project - Quarterly Report: January-March 2017. |
|
USAID (2020). The Largest single jump of improved varieties on the Regional Catalogue. |
|
USDA (2002). Approval of Monsanto Company Petition ())-342-01p) seeking a determination on non-regulatory status of Bollgard II cotton Mon 15985 producing the Cry2Ab insect control protein derived from Bacillus Thurigiensis Subsp Kurstaki. |
|
Vietnam (MoA&RD) (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development). (2018). |
|
Wang B, Cheng PY, Lee B, Sun LC, Chang HH (2019). Does participation in Agricultural Cooperatives affect Farm Sustainability? Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. Sustainability 11(18):4987. |
|
Waturu CN, Kimani AW, Njinju SM, Ogola SO, Thuranira EG (2019). Final Report of the National Performance Trials of Insect Resistant Bt-Cotton Hybrids in Kenya. KALRO Report 2019. |
|
World Bank (2004). Competitiveness Analysis: Market Analysis- cotton sector. Prepared by Global Development Solutions, LLC. |
|
World Bank (2005). Growth and Competitiveness in Kenya," Private Sector Unit, Africa Region, Report no. 31387-KE (Washington, D.C.: January 2005). |
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0