September 2011
Phalaris minor control, resistance development and strategies for integrated management of resistance to fenoxaprop-ethyl
Phalaris minor (Littleseed canary grass) is a very important and annual weed of winter cereal crops. It is a very competitive weed of wheat, oat and barley crops in Pakistan. Usually, three aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, diclofop-methyl and clodinafop-propargyl are used as chemical weed control against different grassy weeds like P. minor, Avena...
September 2011
In vitro plant regeneration from protocorms-like bodies (PLBs) and callus of Phalaenopsis gigantea (Epidendroideae: Orchidaceae)
Phalaenopsis, with long arching sprays of flowers, are among the most beautiful flowers in the world. Phalaenopsis is an important genus and one of the most popular epiphytic monopodial orchids, grown commercially for the production of cut flowers and potted plants. Most of them have different and interesting morphological characteristics which have different value to the...
September 2011
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for genetic studies of African antelope species
MMM Many wild animal species lack informative genetic markers for analysing genetic variation and structure, which is essential for effective long term conservation and management. We present heterologous microsatellite markers in six Tanzanian antelope species including: grant’s gazelle, hartebeest, eland, roan, impala and topi. Thirty eight primer pairs from cattle, sheep,...
September 2011
Transgene expression in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) through Agrobacterium transformation of pollen in flower buds
Pollen transformation shows potential as a fast and easy means of obtaining transformed plants carrying desirable transgenes. Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been suggested as the best natural plant genetic engineering system. Laboratory and screenhouse studies were undertaken to investigate the possibility of obtaining transformed progeny in cowpea by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of...
September 2011
Cloning and sequence analysis of the defective in anther dehiscence1 (DAD1) gene fragment of Chinese kale
To clone the defective in anther dehiscence1 (DAD1) gene fragment of Chinese kale, about 700 bp product was obtained by PCR amplification using Chinese kale genomic DNA as the template and a pair of specific primers designed according to the conserved sequence of DAD1 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa. The ampliï¬ed product was ligated into the T vector...
September 2011
Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of genetic diversity in Mehr cotton cultivar and its crossing progenies
Cotton is cultivated in Iran with diploid and tetraploid forms and hybridization is a means to increase the genetic diversity and obtain new elite cultivars in this crop. This present study considered the molecular genetic diversity in Mehr (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton cultivar and its crossing progenies. 21 of 30 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 220 reproducible bands with average...
September 2011
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of pod related traits in different environments in soybean
Soybean is an important crop, whose most agronomic traits are quantitative inherited. Mapping of these quantitative trait loci in soybean genes is importance for various applications. A F2:15 RIL population containing 149 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used for mapping of the QTL of pod related traits. Three agronomic traits showing clear...
September 2011
Isolation and identification of two marine-derived Streptomyces from marine mud of coast and offshore Zhuhai, and bioactive potential for plant pathogenic fungi
Two different actinomycete strains (XAS585 and XAS588), producing antifungal substances, were isolated from the marine mud of coast and offshore Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, China. On the basis of micro-morphology, physiological and chemotaxonomic characterization and phylogenetic similarity of 16S rDNA gene sequences, the strains XAS585 and XAS588 were identified as Streptomyces...
September 2011
Effect of water deficit on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of 13 winter wheat
Wheat is one of the major crops in the world and is rather sensitive to water deficit and differences between genotypes for water tolerance have been previously testified. Experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with 13 cultivars grown in control and water deficit conditions. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, above ground biomass and total leaf area were measured to determine water...
September 2011
Preliminary analysis of cryopreservation of Dendrobium Bobby Messina orchid using an encapsulation-dehydration technique with Evans blue assay
In vitro grown protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium Bobby Messina hybrid were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) at -196°C by an encapsulation-dehydration technique. PLBs (1 to 2 and 3 to 4 mm) were precultured in half strength semi-solid MS media supplemented with six different concentrations of sucrose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 M). The PLBs were then encapsulated to form...
September 2011
An investigation on computer and internet use for agricultural development in rural areas: A case study for Tokat Province in Turkey
This study aimed at determining the familiarity of the people to computer and internet technologies and for what purposes they use these technologies in rural areas of Tokat Province, Turkey. How people approach these technologies and what socio-economic features affect their use, were also determined. The main data used in the study were collected from a face-to-face questionnaire administered to over 184 people....
September 2011
Average stem biomass of Gundelia (Gundelia tournefortii L.) in Shanjan Rangelands, East Azerbaijan, Iran
The stem of plants can be used for animal grazing, wind erosion control, reduction of water flow, increase of evaporation and transpiration. In NW of Iran (East Azerbaijan Province), rangelands were utilized for animal grazing, but were later changed to agricultural land. Moreover, this vegetation has unsuitable vegetation coverage. We studied Gundelia tournefortii L. to determine its stem biomass...
September 2011
Estimation of loss due to post harvest diseases of potato in markets of different districts in Bangladesh
The storage diseases of potato at Mymensingh, Rajshahi and Dhaka town were surveyed to estimate the loss in potato due to storage diseases. In Mymensingh district, the survey revealed that 3.95, 0.91 and 0.69% of tubers were affected with soft rot, dry rot and scab, respectively. Among the cultivars, maximum loss within the three months namely July, August and September were found in cultivar Cardinal...
September 2011
Effects of light and drought stress on germination of Artemisia sieberi Besser
Preservation and development of plant cover are major factors in the management of range ecosystems. Artemisia sieberi is one of the native dominant species of vast areas in the Irano-Turanian bioclimatic region. This species is very tolerant to drought stress and grazing pressure. Therefore, it can be used to rehabilitate degraded rangelands of dry areas within this region. Understanding the germination characteristics...
September 2011
Growth, yield and quality responses to gibberellic acid (GA3) of Wax apple Syzygium samarangense var. Jambu air madu fruits grown under field conditions
A study was carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the growth and development of the red jambu air madu fruits (Syzygium samarangense). Various horticultural parameters were monitored during two seasons of fruit growth between December, 2008 to December, 2009 with the application of three concentrations of GA3 at 20, 50 and 100 mg/L. It was observed that the...
September 2011
Plant regeneration system from cotyledons-derived calluses cultures of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. ‘Reyan 2’
The objective of this study was to successfully establish plant regeneration system with cotyledons of Stylosanthes guianensis Sw. cv. ‘Reyan 2’ as explants. In thisstudy, the following results were obtained; (1) the highest rates of callus induction on medium MS with 3.0 mg L-1 2, 4-D with cotyledons as explants were 74%. The above medium of formulation was adopted...
September 2011
Allelopathic potential of Jatropha curcas
Aqueous extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves and roots inhibited the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Increased inhibition by increasing the concentration of extracts suggests that the extracts may have inhibitory substance which possesses allelopathic potential. Different extracts of leaves and roots of J. curcas were bio-assayed and analyzed. The...
September 2011
Stem diameter and height of chrysanthemum cv Yoko ono as affected by gibberellic acid
The effect of gibberellic acid has been shown mainly to promote cell division and elongation. This study was aimed to evaluate the development of height and diameter of the stems of chrysanthemum cultivar Yoko ono by the applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the field. The treatments were composed of four doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg L-1) at 15 and 30 days after transplanting. From the findings, It can be...
September 2011
Impact of heavy metals on the rhizosphere microflora of Jatropha multifida and their effective remediation
The impact of heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, copper and magnesium) in the rhizosphere microflora of Jatropha multifida used for phytoremediation was studied. The pot culture experiment of J. multifida dealt with the biochemical characteristics of heavy metals contaminated soil amended with waste water biosludge and biofertilizer (Azotobacter vinelandii). Plant growth...
September 2011
Environmental study of some metals on several aquatic macrophytes
Aquatic macrophytes can be used in the study of quality of water ecosystems and in monitoring of metals and other pollutants. This study was focused on assessment of metals accumulation in certain aquatic macrophytes (biomonitors), in comparison with water and sediment (abiotic monitors) of the lake. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb were measured in water, sediment and plant samples, namely in stems...
September 2011
Isolation of a sulfate reducing bacterium and its application in sulfate removal from tannery wastewater
In order to remove sulfate in tannery wastewater efficiently, a sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) was isolated in tannery anaerobic activated sludge. With biochemical and genetics method, the isolated bacterium was identified asCitrobacter freundii. Then, the isolate was inoculated to tubes containing sulfate in simulated tannery wastewater to optimize the process. The results show that the effect...
September 2011
Removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using bauxite obtained from Mulanje, Malawi
Studies on stream water and effluent from selected wastewater treatment plants in Blantyre, Malawi, have reported phosphate concentrations above recommended levels. High phosphate levels in the effluent and streams pose a threat to aquatic life through the stimulation of excessive growth of plants and toxic cyanobacteria. Phosphate removal by bauxite was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, dosage, competing...
September 2011
Effect of metal ions on the growth and metabolites production of Ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture
The effects of several metal ions on the cell growth, production of polysaccharides by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged fermentation were studied. The results showed that 50 ppm Se2+ and 25 ppm Se2+ was identified to be the most favorable for biomass (11.103 ± 0.6 g/l ) and polysaccharide production (IPS and EPS was 183 ± 10.2 and 248 ± 5.5 mg/l, respectively);...
September 2011
High regioselective acetylation of vitamin A precursors using lipase B from Candida antarctica in organic media
The effect of different reaction parameters was explored on the acylation of primary hydroxyl group of 1,6-diol by lipase B from Candida antarctica catalysis in organic solvent. First, the effect of the organic solvents was investigated, and the highest conversion rate was obtained in n-hexane. Then, the effect of the acyl donor was studied. Among several reactants, including acetic acid and...
September 2011
Bioconversion process of rice straw by thermotolerant cellulolytic Streptomyces viridiochromogenes under solid-state fermentation conditions for bioethanol production
Enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose fraction of rice straw to glucose using solid-state fermentation for bioethanol production is a focus of current attention. A total of 10 actinomycetes isolates were isolated from soils and decayed rice straw. All these isolates were purified and screened for their cellulolytic activity; one strain was selected for further study and...
September 2011
Influence of nitrogen source and sucrose concentration on inulinase production by Kluyveromyces marxianus in fed-batch fermentation
This work studied the influence of nitrogen source and sucrose concentration in the feeding medium for biomass and inulinase production by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus. The results show that the best nitrogen source was a combination of 5 g/L of yeast extract and 10 g/L of peptone. Both cellular growth and enzymatic activity increased with sucrose concentration in the feeding...
September 2011
A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of starches from root, tuber and cereal crops
Some properties of starches from cassava, potato and sweet potato were compared with cereal starches from maize, wheat, millet and sorghum. The aim was to determine the properties of tuber and root crop starches and compare them with cereal starches in addition to unravelling the potential of commonly grown sorghum and millet climate resilient crops as cheap and sustainable sources of starch. Significant...
September 2011
Mycotoxins profiling of the culture material of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg culture (CABI-IMI 392668) isolated from rice in Niger State, Nigeria and its cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes comparatively to those of some mycotoxin standards
An extract of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg culture isolated from rice in Niger State, Nigeria, previously found to be acutely toxic to mice and chicks was established to contain 8.233 ppm of total fumonisins (FBs). The present work was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect to human lymphocytes of the same 4-year old extract via flow cytometry over a 3 h period...
September 2011
Comparison of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopentadecanolide under organic and biphasic systems
Methyl 15-hydroxy-pentadecanate, which is made from Malana oleifera chum oil, is an ideal material to synthesize cyclopentadecanolide, an important macrocycle musk, with wide applications in the fields of perfume, cosmetic, food and medicine, etc. One kind of screened lipase from Candida sp.GXU08 strain was used to catalyze the synthesis of cyclopentadecanolide from methyl...
September 2011
Ultrasound sensitizes chemotherapy in chemoresistant ovarian cancers
Chemotherapy resistance is still a great challenge to the management of ovarian cancers. Using SKOV3/ADR or COC1/DDP subline as a model of adriamycin- or cisplatin-resistance, ultrasonic chemosensitization was investigated. The addition of noncytotoxic insonation led to a higher cell-death rate as compared with a drug alone. Ultrasound sensitized chemotherapy via increasing intracellular drug accumulation,...
September 2011
Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Coleus spicatus Benth
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Coleus spicatus. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of C. spicatus was assessed by three different in-vitro model of measuring antioxidant profile; total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay and estimation of total flavonoid....
September 2011
Antimicrobial efficacy of Rheum palmatum, Curcuma longa and Alpinia officinarum extracts against some pathogenic microorganisms
The use and search for antibiotics and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Three plants, used traditionally as medicine and as food additive in Saudi Arabia, were collected and extracted with either methanol or n-butanol. The used plants were Rheum palmatum, Curcuma longa and Alpinia officinarum. The plant extracts were screened for their inhibitory...
September 2011
Bone histomorphometric study of young rats following oestrogen deficiency
Osteoporosis is a global problem which results in increased fractures risk. The reports from earlier studies were inconsistent with the aging factor as well as the time which is needed to induce bone loss post-ovariectomy. This study aimed to determine the short-term effects of estrogen deficiency on bone structural histomorphometric parameters in young rats. 30 Sprague-Dawley female ratsweighing...
September 2011
Growth comparison of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Blue tilapia, (Oreochromis aureus) as affected by classical and modern breeding methods
This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the productive performance characteristics of the base generation (F0) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and Blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus under the effect of interspecific hybridization and genetically modified breeding by introducing a fragmented purified DNA isolated from O. aureus or O. niloticus into the...
September 2011
Induced systemic resistance and promotion of wheat and barley plants growth by biotic and non-biotic agents against barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important virus infecting wheat and barley plants and transmitted by several species of aphids in Iraq. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azospirillum irakense at 108 CFU/ml, Sea force extract and Elsa fungicide at 1 ml/L were used to induce resistance in the plant against BYDV. The four elements were applied before and after virus-plant inoculation....
September 2011
Synthesis and properties of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) graft copolymer with on-off switching properties for controlled release of drug
Novel biopolymer-based superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared by grafting crosslinked poly (N-vinyl pyrollidin and 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl propan sulfonic acid (PNVP-co-PAMPS) chains onto CMC backbones through a free radical polymerization method. A proposed mechanism for superabsorbent hydrogel formation was suggested and the hydrogel structure was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. The morphology of the...
September 2011
An investigation on the replacement of antibiotics by medicinal plants to control the infection of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) in broiler chickens
This study was done to determine the effects of garlic, mint and onion in feeding of the broiler chickens as a growth natural factor (GNF) instead of antibiotics. First, the antibacterial effects and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum), mint (Mentha spp.) and onion (Allium cepa) on E....
September 2011
Immunomodulatory effect of dietary selenium supplementation on serum antibody response and leucocytic profile of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats
Effect of selenium supplementation on the immune response of Trypanosomabrucei brucei infected rats was investigated. Twenty five (25) adult male albino rats divided into five groups of five rats each were used for this study. Groups A, B and C were fed 4, 8 and 16 part per million (ppm) selenium in their feed, respectively. Groups D and E were not given selenium supplementation. The...
September 2011
Evaluation of physiological screening techniques for drought-resistant breeding of durum wheat genotypes in Iran
This paper summarizes the results of a project aimed to evaluate the use of physiological traits (such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content) in determining drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes under a variety of environmental conditions. Six durum wheat genotypes were planted in rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions in Gachsaran of Iran for two years (2007 to 2009). Five drought...
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