Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in hospital effluents and streams in Benin

Victorien Tamègnon DOUGNON; Alidehou Jerrold AGBANKPE; Elodie GBOTCHE; Hornel KOUDOKPON; Kafayath FABIYI; Kevin SINTONDJI; Jean Robert KLOTOE; Honor&e Sourou BANKOLE; Nelly KELOME

doi:10.5897/AJMR2023.9684

African Journal of
Microbiology Research

Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
Language: English
ISSN: 1996-0808
DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
Start Year: 2007
Published Articles: 5229

Full Length Research Paper

Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in hospital effluents and streams in Benin

Victorien Tamègnon DOUGNON

Victorien Tamègnon DOUGNON
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Alidehou Jerrold AGBANKPE

Alidehou Jerrold AGBANKPE
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Elodie GBOTCHE

Elodie GBOTCHE
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Hornel KOUDOKPON

Hornel KOUDOKPON
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Kafayath FABIYI

Kafayath FABIYI
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Kevin SINTONDJI

Kevin SINTONDJI
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Jean Robert KLOTOE

Jean Robert KLOTOE
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Honoré Sourou BANKOLE

Honoré Sourou BANKOLE
Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Nelly KELOME

Nelly KELOME
Laboratory of Geology, Mines and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Article Number - 6FDDD5170573
Vol.17(4), pp. 94-101 , April 2023
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2023.9684

Received: 15 January 2023
Accepted: 15 March 2023
Published: 30 April 2023

Abstract

Poor effluent management is known to release antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes into streams. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotics and heavy metals in hospital effluents and streams in Benin. The extraction of genomic DNA from multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from stream and hospital effluents samples was performed according to the recommendations of the Quick-DNA TM miniprep kit (Zymo Research Corp, United States). Real-time PCR was used to identify twelve antibiotic and six heavy metal resistance genes. The results showed that sulII (77.77%), sulI (67.67%), and bla_TEM-1(44.44%) were the resistance genes to antibiotics, the most detected in gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospital effluents. Two genes, tetA (33.33%) and ermB (20%), were found in gram-positive cocci. zntA (57.57%), czcA (24.24%), and copA (22.22%) are the genes encoding resistance to heavy metals, most found in gram-negative bacilli, but zntA (20%) and czcA (10%) were both found in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Concerning streams, sulII (38.23%), sulI (26.47%), and bla_TEM-1 (23.53%) were detected in gram-negative bacilli. czcA (38.23%), zntA (35.29%), and copA (11.76%) are the genes encoding heavy metal resistance found in gram-negative stream bacilli. These results highlight the need for measures to be taken to ensure the integrity of natural resources and thereby preserve human, animal and environmental health.