African Journal of
Microbiology Research

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0808
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 5232

Review

Ruminal microorganism consideration and protein used in the metabolism of the ruminants: A review

Tiago Neves Pereira Valente
  • Tiago Neves Pereira Valente
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Posse Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Erico da Silva Lima
  • Erico da Silva Lima
  • Master’s Degree Studies Program in Environmental Health at FMU, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos
  • Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Morrinhos Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Andréia Santos Cesário
  • Andréia Santos Cesário
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Morrinhos Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Cássio Jardim Tavares
  • Cássio Jardim Tavares
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Posse Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Ítalo Lacerda Fernandes
  • Ítalo Lacerda Fernandes
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Posse Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar
Marco Antônio Moreira de Freitas
  • Marco Antônio Moreira de Freitas
  • Instituto Federal Goiano, Posse Campus /GO, Brazil.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 16 June 2015
  •  Accepted: 07 March 2016
  •  Published: 14 April 2016

References

Abdoun K, Stumpff F, Martens H (2007). Ammonia and urea transport across the rumen epithelium: A review. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 7:43-59.
Crossref

 

Ali CS, Sharif M, Nisa M, Javaid A, Hashmi N, Sarwar M (2009). Supplementation of ruminally protected proteins and amino acids: feed consumption, digestion and performance of cattle and sheep. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11:477-482.

 
 

Argyle JL, Baldwin RL (1989). Effects of amino acids and peptides on rumen microbial growth yields. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2017-2027.
Crossref

 
 

Aschenbach JR, Penner GB, Stumpff F, Gabel G (2014). Ruminant nutrition symposium: Role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH. J. Anim. Sci. 89:1092-1107
Crossref

 
 

Attwood GT, Altermann E, Kelly WJ, Leahy SC, Zhang L, Morrison M (2011). Exploring rumen methanogen genomes to identify targets for methane mitigation strategies. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166:65-75.
Crossref

 
 

Bailey EA, Titgemeyer EC, Olson KC, Brake DC, Jones ML, Anderson DE (2012). Effects of supplemental energy and protein on forage digestion and urea kinetics in growing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:3492-3504.
Crossref

 
 

Bannink A, Tamminga S (2005). Rumen function. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism. Dijkstra J, Forbes JM, France J.(eds). 2 ed. pp. 263-288.
Crossref

 
 

Beauchemin KA, Kreuzer M, O'Mara F, McAllister TA (2008). Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 48:21-27.
Crossref

 
 

Belanche A, De la Fuente G, Pinloche E, Newbold CJ, Balcells J (2015). Effect of diet and absence of protozoa on the rumen microbial community and on the representativeness of bacterial fractions used in the determination of microbial protein synthesis. J. Anim. Sci. 90:3924-3936.
Crossref

 
 

Bento CBP, Azevedo AC, Detmann E, Mantovani HC (2015). Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydrate-fermenting and obligate amino acid-fermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein. BMC Microbiol. 15:28.
Crossref

 
 

Broderick GA, Cochran RC (2000). In vitro and in situ methods for estimating digestibility with reference to protein degradability. In: Theodorou MK, France J (Eds.). Feeding systems and feed evaluation models. Wallingford: CAB Int. pp. 53-85.

 

Carvalho IPC, Detmann E, Mantovani HC, Paulino MF, Valadares Filho SC, Costa VAC, Gomes DI (2011). Growth and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid according to energy or nitrogen source1. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 40(6):1260-1265.

 

Casali AO, Detmann E, Valadares Filho SD, Pereira JC, Cunha MD, Detmann KD, Paulino MF (2009). Estimation of fibrous compounds contents in ruminant feeds with bags made from different textiles. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 38:130-138.

 
 

Chalupa W, Sniffen CJ (1991). Protein and amino acid nutrition of lactating dairy cattle. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. In: Sniffen CJ & Herdt TH. (Eds). pp. 353-372.

 
 

Cheng KJ, McAllister TA (1997). Compartmentation in the rumen. In: Hobson PN, Stewart CS (Ed.). The rumen microbial ecosystem. London: Chapman & Hall. Pp. 492-522.
Crossref

 
 

Costa VA, Detmann E, Paulino MF, Valadares Filho SD, Henriques LT, Carvalho IP, Valente TN (2011). Consumo e dinâmica ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro em bovinos em pastejo no período das águas recebendo suplementação com nitrogênio não-proteico e/ou proteína verdadeira. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 40(12):2805-2814.
Crossref

 
 

Dijkstra J, France J, Tamminga S (1998). Quantification of the recycling of microbial nitrogen in the rumen using a mechanistic model of rumen fermentation processes. J. Agric. Sci. 130(1):81-94.
Crossref

 
 

Faichney GJ, Poncet C, Lassalas B, Jouany JP, Millet L, Doré J, Brownlee AG (1997). Effect of concentrates in a hay diet on the contribution of anaerobic fungi, protozoa and bacteria to nitrogen in rumen and duodenal digesta in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 64:193-213.
Crossref

 
 

Falconer ML, Wallace RJ (1998). Variation in proteinase activities in the rumen. J Appl. Microb. 84:377-382.
Crossref

 
 

Fatehi F, Krizsan SJ, Gidlund H, Huhtanen P (2015). A comparison of ruminal or reticular digesta sampling as an alternative to sampling from the omasum of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 98:3274-3283.
Crossref

 
 

Figueiras JF, Detmann E, Paulino MF, Valente, TNP, Valadares Filho SC, Lazzarini I (2010). Intake and digestibility in cattle under grazing supplemented with nitrogenous compounds during dry season. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 39(6):1303-1312.
Crossref

 
 

Figueiras JF, Detmann E, Valadares Filho SC, Paulino MF, Batista ED, Rufino LM, Valente TN, Reis WL, Franco MO (2015). Desempenho nutricional de bovinos em pastejo durante o período de transição seca-águas recebendo suplementação proteica. Arch. Zootec. 64(247):269-276.

 
 

Firkins JL, Yu Z, Morrisson M (2007). Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism: Perspectives for Integration of Microbiology and Nutrition for Dairy. J. Dairy Sci. 90(1):E-16.
Crossref

 
 

Grenet E, Barry P (1998). Colonization of thick walled plant tissues by anaerobic fungi. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19(1):25-31.

 
 

Hills JL, Wales WJ, Dunshea FR (2015). Invited review: An evaluation of the likely effects of individualized feeding of concentrate supplements to pasture-based dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1363-1401.
Crossref

 
 

Hook SE, Wright ADG, McBride BW (2010). Methanogens: Methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea Volume 2010, Article ID 945785. 11 p.
Crossref

 
 

Hoover WH, Miller TK (1991). Rumen digestive physiology and microbial ecology. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. In: Sniffen CJ & Herdt TH (Eds). Pp. 311-325.

 
 

Hünerberg M, McGinn SM, Beauchemin KA (2015). Impact of ruminal pH on enteric methane emissions. J. Anim. Sci. 93(4):1760-1766.
Crossref

 
 

Ivan M, Neill L, Forster R, Alimon R, Rode LM, Entz T (2000). Effects of Isotricha, Dasytricha, Entodinium, and total fauna on ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow in wethers fed different diets. J. Dairy Sci. 83(4):776-787.
Crossref

 
 

Khattab MSA, Ebeid HM (2014). Isolation of Enterococcus Faecium and Enterococcus Cecorum from Bovine Rumen Using Modern Techniques. J. Anim. Prod. Adv. 4(10):514-519
Crossref

 
 

Kim DH, McLeod KR, Klotz JL, Koontz AF, Foote AP, Harmon DL (2014). Evaluation of a rapid determination of fasting heat production and respiratory quotient in Holstein steers using the washed rumen technique. J. Anim. Sci. 91:4267-4276
Crossref

 
 

Kosloski GV (2002). Bioquímica de ruminantes. 140p.

 
 

Krause DO, Nagaraja TG, Wright AD, Callaway TR (2014). Board-invited review: Rumen microbiology: Leading the way in microbial ecology. J. Anim. Sci. 91:331-34.
Crossref

 
 

Krizsan SJ, Jančík F, Ramin M, Huhtanen P (2013). Comparison of some aspects of the in situ and in vitro methods in evaluation of neutral detergent fiber digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 91:838-847.
Crossref

 
 

Lapierre H, Lobley GE (2001). Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 84:223-236.
Crossref

 
 

Larsen M, Galindo C, Ouellet DR, Maxin G, Kristensen NB, Lapierre H (2015). Abomasal amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: Effect on whole-body, splanchnic, and mammary amino acid metabolism. J. Dairy Sci. 98:7944-7961.
Crossref

 
 

Leahy SC, Kelly WJ, Altermann E, Ronimus RS, Yeoman CJ, Pacheco DM, Li D, Kong Z, McTavish S, Sang C, Lambie SC (2010). The genome sequence of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium reveals new possibilities for controlling ruminant methane emissions. PLoS ONE 5:8926-8943.
Crossref

 
 

Lindsay DB, Reynolds CK (2005). Metabolism of the portal-drained viscera and liver. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism. Dijkstra J, Forbes JM, France J. (eds). 2 ed. pp. 311-343.
Crossref

 
 

Mackie RI, White BA (1990). Symposium: Rumen microbial ecology and nutrition: Potencial impact on nutrient output. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2971-2995.
Crossref

 
 

Marini JC, Van Amburgh ME (2003). Nitrogen metabolism and recycling in Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 81:545-552.

 
 

Martin C, Morgavi DP, Doreau M (2010). Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale. Animal 4:351-365.
Crossref

 
 

Marx H, Graf AB, Tatto NE, Thallinger GG, Mattanovich D, Sauer M (2011) Genome sequence of the ruminal bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii. J. Bacteriol. 193(19):5578-5579.
Crossref

 
 

McAllister TA, Meale SJ, Valle E, Guan LL, Zhou M, Kelly WJ, Henderson G, Attwood GT, Janssen PH (2015). Ruminant nutrition symposium: Use of genomics and transcriptomics to identify strategies to lower ruminal methanogenesis. J. Anim. Sci. 93(4):1431-1449.
Crossref

 
 

Nolan JV, Dobos RC (2005). Nitrogen transactions in ruminants. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism. Dijkstra J, Forbes JM, France J. (eds). 2 ed. pp. 177-206.

 

Obara Y, Dellow DW, Nolan JV (1991).The influence of energy-rich supplements on nitrogen kinetics in ruminants. In: Tsuda T, Sasaki T, Kawasashima R. (eds) Physiology Aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants. New York, pp. 515-539.
Crossref

 

Orpin CG, Joblin KN (1997). The rumen anaerobic fungi In: Hobson PN. and Stewart CS (Ed.). The rumen microbial ecosystem. 2 ed. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 140-195.
Crossref

 
 

Plaizier JC, Khafipour E, Li S, Gozho GN, Krause DO (2012). Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health consequences. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 172:9-21.
Crossref

 
 

Pourazad P, Khiaosa-ard R, Qumar M (2015). Transient feeding of a concentrate-rich diet increases the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. (in Press).

 
 

Prive F, Kaderbhai NN, Girdwood S, Worgan HJ, Pinloche E, Scollan ND, Huws SA, Newbold CJ (2013). Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Lipases Belonging to Families II and V from Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5ST. PLoS ONE 8(8): e69076.
Crossref

 
 

Puggaard L, Kristensen NB, Sehested J (2011). Effect of decreasing dietary phosphorus supply on net recycling of inorganic phosphate in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94:1420-1429.
Crossref

 
 

Ramin M, Krizsan SJ, Jančík F, Huhtanen P (2013). Short communication: measurements of methane emissions from feed samples in filter bags or dispersed in the medium in an in vitro gas production system. J. Dairy Sci. 96:4643-4646.
Crossref

 
 

Rodríguez R, Sosa A, Rodríguez Y (2007). Microbial protein synthesis in rumen and its importance to ruminants. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 41(4):287-294.

 
 

Røjen BA, Kristensen NB (2012). Effect of time duration of ruminal urea infusions on ruminal ammonia concentrations and portal-drained visceral extraction of arterial urea-N in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 95:1395-1409.
Crossref

 
 

Russell JB (2002). Rumen Microbiology and its role in ruminant nutrition, Ithaca, NY, 119 p.

 
 

Russell JB, O'connor JD, Fox DG, Van Soest PJ, Sniffen CJ (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562-3578.

 
 

Russell JB, Strobel HJ (1987). Concentration of ammonia across cell membranes of mixed rumen bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 1987:7097-7112.
Crossref

 
 

Russell JB, Strobel HJ (2005). Microbial energetics. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism. Dijkstra J, Forbes JM, France J. (Eds). 2 ed. pp. 229-261.
Crossref

 
 

Santos FAP, Greco LF (2007). Digestão pós ruminal de proteínas e exigências de aminoácidos para ruminantes. In: Rennó FP.(Ed.) Simpósio Internacional Avanços em técnicas de pesquisas em nutrição de ruminantes. pp.122-159.

 
 

Satter LD, Slyter LL (1974). Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32:199-208.
Crossref

 
 

Storm AC, Kristensen NB, Røjen BA, Larsen M (2014). Technical note: A method for quantification of saliva secretion and salivary flux of metabolites in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5769-5774.
Crossref

 
 

Suen G, Stevenson DM, Bruce DC, Chertkov O, Copeland A, Cheng JF, Detter C, Detter JC, Goodwin LA, Han CS, Hauser LJ (2011). Complete genome of the cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus albus. J. Bacteriol. 193(19):5574-5575.
Crossref

 
 

Szumacher-Stabel M, Cieslak A (2012). Dietary possibilities to mitigate rumen methane and ammonia production. In: Guoxiang Liu (Ed.), Greenhouse Gases, Capturing, Utilization and Reduction. In: Tech, pp. 199-239.
Crossref

 
 

Szumacher-Strabel M, Martin SA, Potkanski A, Cieslak A, Kowalczyk J. (2004). Changes in fermentation process as the effect of vegetable oil supplementation in in vitro studies. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 13:215-218.

 
 

Theodorou MK, France J (2005). Rumen microorganisms and their interactions. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism. Dijkstra J, Forbes JM, France J. (eds). 2 ed. pp. 207-228.
Crossref

 
 

Valente TN, Detmann E, Queiroz AC, Valadares Filho SD, Gomes DI, Figueiras JF (2011a). Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 40(11):2565-2573.
Crossref

 
 

Valente TN, Detmann E, Valadares Filho SD, Cunha MD, Queiroz AC, Sampaio CB (2011b). In situ estimation of indigestible compounds contents in cattle feed and feces using bags made from different textiles. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 40:666-675.
Crossref

 
 

Valente TNP, Detmann E, Sampaio CB (2015). Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95:493-498
Crossref

 
 

Van Soest PJ (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 476 p.

 
 

Varadyova Z, Kisidayova S, Siroka P, Jalc D (2007). Fatty acid profiles of rumen fluid from sheep fed diets supplemented with various oils and effect on the rumen ciliate population. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 52:399-406.

 
 

Veira DM, (1986). The role of ciliate protozoa in nutrition of the ruminant. J. Anim. Sci. 63:1547-1560.

 
 

Weimer PJ, Cabral LS, Cacite F (2015). Effects of ruminal dosing of Holstein cows with Megasphaera elsdenii on milk fat production, ruminal chemistry, and bacterial strain persistence. J. Dairy Sci. 98:8078-8092.
Crossref

 
 

Williams YJ, Rea SM, Popovski S, Pimm CL, Williams AJ, Toovey AF, Skillman LC, Wright AD (2008). Reponses of sheep to a vaccination of entodinial or mixed rumen protozoal antigens to reduce rumen protozoal numbers. Br. J. Nutr. 99:100-109.
Crossref

 
 

Williams AG, Coleman GS (1997). The rumen protozoa. In: Hobson PN, Stewart CS. (Eds.). The rumen microbial ecosystem. London: Blackie Academic. 2:73-139.
Crossref

 
 

Williams PE, Tait CA, Innes GM, Newbold CJ (1991). Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026.

 
 

Wright ADG, Klieve AV (2011). Does the complexity of the rumen microbial ecology preclude methane mitigation? Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166:248-253.
Crossref

 
 

Yazdi MH, Mirzaei-Alamouti HR, Amanlou H (2015). Effects of heat stress on metabolism, digestibility, and rumen epithelial characteristics in growing Holstein calves. J. Anim. Sci. (in Press).

 
 

Zhou B, Meng Q-X, Ren L-P, Shi F-H, Wei Z, Zhou Z-M (2012). Evaluation of chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production of ensiled and sun-dried mulberry pomace. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 21:188-197.