Full Length Research Paper
References
Al-Ghamdi SM, Akbar HO, Qari YA, Fathaldin OA, Al-Rashed RS (2003). Pattern of admission to hospitals during muslim pilgrimage (Hajj). Saudi Medical Journal 24(10):1073-1076. |
|
Al-Tawfiq JA, Zumla A, Memish ZA (2013). Respiratory tract infections during the annual Hajj: potential risks and mitigation strategies. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 19(3):192-197. |
|
Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA (2014). Mass gathering medicine: 2014 Hajj and Umra preparation as a leading example. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 27:26-31. |
|
Alzeer AH (2009). Respiratory tract infection during Hajj. Annals of Thoracic Medicine 4(2):50-53. |
|
Azhar EI AA, Asghar AH, Bukhari SZ, Zafar TA, Jukdar HA (2010). an Environmental and Clinical study during Hajj season. Professional Medical Journal 17(3):479-482. |
|
Borges V, Nunes A, Sampaio DA, Vieira L, Machado J, Simões MJ, Gonçalves P, Gomes JP (2016). Legionella pneumophila strain associated with the first evidence of person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires' disease: a unique mosaic genetic backbone. Scientific Reports 6:26261. |
|
Chamberlain AT, Lehnert JD, Berkelman RL (2017). The 2015 New York City Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak: A Case Study on a History-Making Outbreak. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 23(4):410-416. |
|
Correia AM, Ferreira JS, Borges V, Nunes A, Gomes B, Capucho R, Gonçalves J, Antunes DM, Almeida S, Mendes A, Guerreiro M, Sampaio DA, Vieira L, Machado J, Simões MJ, Gonçalves P, Gomes JP (2016). Probable Person-to-Person Transmission of Legionnaires' Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 374(5):497-498. |
|
Cristovam E, Almeida D, Caldeira D, Ferreira JJ, Marques T (2017). Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Legionnaires' disease: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Microbiology 66(4):485-489. |
|
Han XY (2019). Solar and Climate Effects Explain the Wide Variation in Legionellosis Incidence Rates in the United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85(22):e01776-19. |
|
Heuner K, Steinert M (2003). The flagellum of Legionella pneumophila and its link to the expression of the virulent phenotype. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 293:133-43. |
|
Khan NA (2006). Pattern of medical diseases and determinants of prognosis of hospitalization during 2005 Muslim pilgrimage Hajj in a tertiary care hospital. A prospective cohort study. Saudi Medical Journal 27(9):1373-1380. |
|
Khodr A, Kay E, Gomez-Valero L, Ginevra C, Doublet P, Buchrieser C, Jarraud S (2016). Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of Legionella. Infection Genetics and Evolution Journal 43:108-22. |
|
Leoni E, De Luca G, Legnani PP, Sacchetti R, Stampi S, Zanetti F (2005). Legionella waterline colonization: detection of Legionella species in domestic, hotel and hospital hot water systems. Journal of Applied Microbiology 98(2):373-379. |
|
Madani TA, Ghabrah TM, Al-Hedaithy MA, Alhazmi MA, Alazraqi TA, Albarrak AM, Ishaq AH (2006). Causes of hospitalization of pilgrims in the Hajj season of the Islamic year 1423 (2003). Annals of Saudi Medicine 26(5):346-351. |
|
Mandourah Y, Al-Radi A, Ocheltree AH, Ocheltree SR, Fowler RA (2012). Clinical and temporal patterns of severe pneumonia causing critical illness during Hajj. BMC Infectious Diseases 12(1):1-8. |
|
Memish ZA, Zumla A, Alhakeem RF, Assiri A, Turkestani A, Al Harby KD, Alyemni M, Dhafar K, Gautret P, Barbeschi M, McCloskey B, Heymann D, Al Rabeeah AA, Al-Tawfiq JA (2014). Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control. Lancet 383(9934):2073-2082. |
|
Miyashita N, Higa F, Aoki Y, Kikuchi T, Seki M, Tateda K, Maki N, Uchino K, Ogasawara K, Kiyota H, Watanabe A (2020). Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups in patients with culture-confirmed Legionella pneumonia. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 26(5):411-417. |
|
Ohno A, Kato N, Yamad K, Yamaguchi K (2003). Factors influencing survival of Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 in hot spring water and tap water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(5):2540-2547. |
|
Pierre DM, Baron J, Yu VL, Stout JE (2017). Diagnostic testing for Legionnaires' disease. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 16:59. |
|
Smith AF, Huss A, Dorevitch S, Heijnen L, Arntzen VH, Davies M, Robert-Du Ry, van Beest, Holle M, Fujita Y, Verschoor AM, Raterman B, Oesterholt F, Heederik D, Medema G (2019). Multiple Sources of the Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease in Genesee County, Michigan, in 2014 and 2015. Environmental Health Perspectives 127(12):127001. |
|
Spiegelman J, Pedutem T, Francisco MJ (2020). Legionnaires' Disease Cases at a Large Community Hospital-Common and Underdiagnosed. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(1):332. |
|
Sreenath K, Dey AB, Kabra SK, Thakur B, Guleria R, Chaudhry R (2020). Legionella pneumophila in Patients with Pneumonia at a Referral Hospital, New Delhi, India, 2015-2020. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene tpmd200653. |
|
Terranova W, Cohen ML, Fraser DW (1978). 1974 outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease diagnosed in 1977. Clinical and epidemiological features. Lancet 2(8081):122-4. |
|
Van Heijnsbergen E, Schalk JA, Euser SM, Brandsema PS, den Boer JW, de Roda Husman AM (2015). Confirmed and Potential Sources of Legionella Reviewed. Environmental Science and Technology 49(8):4797-815. |
|
Zahran S, McElmurry SP, Kilgore PE, Mushinski D, Press J, Love NG, Sadler RC, Swanson MS (2018). Assessment of the Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Flint, Michigan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115(8):E1730-E1739. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0