April 2011
Mayapple: A review of the literature from a horticultural perspective
Species of the Podophyllum genus contain important anti-cancer compounds: podophyllotoxin, α-peltatin, and β-peltatin. A Podophyllum species found in India,Podophyllum emodi Wall. (Syn. P. hexandrum Royale, Berberidaceae), has been over-harvested to meet pharmaceutical industry demand. The Indian species P. emodi Wall, is considered an endangered species because the compound is found...
April 2011
Biological research advancement in Aloe
Aloe, a genus belonging to Aloaceae family, is distributed throughout the world and has rich medical ingredients. At present, Aloe has been widely applied in many aspects for human being. In this paper, we introduced briefly its basal biological characteristics, including germplasm resources, growth habit, active ingredients and biological functions, and discussed deeply its research development in cytology and...
April 2011
Current perspectives on the medicinal potentials of Vernonia amygdalina Del.
Vernonia amygdalina Del, commonly called bitter leaf, is a perennial shrub that belongs to the family Asteraceae and grows throughout tropical Africa. It is probably the most used medicinal plant in the genus Vernonia. Traditional medicine practitioners use the plant as an anti-helminth, anti-malarial, laxative, digestive tonic, appetizer, febrifuge and for the topical treatment of wounds....
April 2011
Anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of timosaponin A-III from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides
Two known steroidal saponins, timosaponin A-III (1) and anemarsaponin B (2) were isolated from the BuOH fraction of the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae) together with the xanthone derivatives, mangiferin (3) and neomangiferin (4). Structures of the isolates were identified using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and by comparison with the published values. Timosaponin A-III (1) exhibited potent...
April 2011
Inhibitory effect on B16/F10 mouse melanoma cell and HT-29 human colon cancer cell proliferation and cordycepin content of the butanol extract of Paecilomyces militaris
The cultured mycelium of strain Paecilomyces militaris CMG 01 (Pm) was extracted sequentially by hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (BuOH). Among them, the BuOH extract exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity on B16/F10 mouse melanoma and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Active chemical fractions of the Pm BuOH extract led to the isolation of a nucleoside compound, which structure was identified as...
April 2011
Indigenous knowledge and folk use of medicinal plants by the tribal communities of Hazar Nao Forest, Malakand District, North Pakistan
Regular field surveys were conducted for two consecutive years in the villages of Brah, Totay, P khel, Mekhband, Kot and Haryankot of Hazar Nao forest. Hazar Nao is located at about 23 km west of the tribal zone of Dargai, Malakand District, Pakistan. Although, majority of the local inhabitants in the study area depend on plants to treat human ailments, the indigenous knowledge is still not documented. Therefore, the...
April 2011
Apoptotic inducibility of Sapindus rarax water extract on A549 human lung cancer cell line
Sapindus rarak DC., Thai herbal medicine named “Ma-Gum-Dee-Kwao” in Sapindaceae family, has been widely prescribed in treatment of skin diseases and also combination with several herbal plants to treat various diseases including malignancies. Bio-based assay of water extract from S. rarak on two human breast cancer cell lines, T47D and MCF7; two human lung cancer cell lines, A549 and SK-LU1;...
April 2011
Preliminary phytochemical investigation and wound healing activity of Myristica andamanica leaves in Swiss albino mice
Myristica andamanica is grown only in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. In order to evaluate the wound healing activity of M. andamanica, five different solvent extracts were prepared from the leaves of the plant. Methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane were used for the extraction of the active ingredients. Excision wound model on Swiss albino mice was used to assess the wound healing...
April 2011
Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants of Rajasthan (India): A review
Ethnobotany is a distinct branch of natural science dealing with various aspects such as anthropology, archaeology, botany, ecology, economics and medicine, religious, cultural and several other disciplines. Recently, great interest in the above given studies of herbal drugs and traditional remedies is indicated world wide and there has been an upsurge in the scientific investigations in this area. The present review...
April 2011
In vitro propagation and establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures of Petiveria alliacea L., a valuable medicinal plant
In vitro propagation of Petiveria alliacea L. was achieved based on the development of axillary buds from nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS0) medium. Rooting of shoots was induced on half strength MS supplemented with 0.6 µM Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). After rooting, plants were transferred to greenhouse conditions. Morphological abnormalities were not observed among the...
April 2011
The analysis of eugenol from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata by HPLC and against the proliferation of cervical cancer cells
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. is an herbal medicine and eugenol is one of its main components. Eugenol (4-allyl-2 methoxyphenol) has been known to control cholesterol and triglycerides level, reducing the activity of cancer cell and enhancing immunity in the human body. Eugenol can also be found in the vegetable oil, such as soya been oil, peanut oil and so on. This paper presents the method by using...
April 2011
Influence of environmental factors on antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks
Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of walnut green husks (Juglans regia L.) from 11 regions of Iran with the different geographical and climatic conditions were measured. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts were also evaluated. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, nitric oxide scavenging and reducing power ability. Antioxidant activity has...
April 2011
Anti-diabetic effects of Allium cepa (onions) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Rattus novergicus
The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of the increasing dosages of Allium cepaaqueous extracts on alloxan - induced diabetic Rattus novergicus for possible use in the management of diabetes mellitus was investigated. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 54 out of a total of 63 adult R. novergicus using 150 mg/kg of...
April 2011
Anticonvulsant and antioxidant effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizome on pentylentetrazole-induced kindling model in male mice
Regarding high incidence of epilepsy in human society and with respect to insufficient therapies, in the present study, anticonvulsant effect of Cyperus rotundus extract was experimentally examined. Sixty male mice were randomly selected and divided into 6 groups; 1. Control, 2. Pentylentetrazole (PTZ)-kindled mice, 3. positive control group which received valproate (100 mg/kg) as anticonvulsant drug, and 4 to...
April 2011
Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in two varieties of young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts
The extractive capability of phenolic components from herb material is considerably depended on the type of solvent. In our research three kinds of solvents (methanol, acetone and chloroform) extracts from different parts (leaves, stems and rhizomes) of two Malaysian young ginger varieties (Halia Bara and Halia Bentong) were used to examine the effects of extraction solvent on total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids...
April 2011
Ethnobotanical survey of pesticidal plants used in South Uganda: Case study of Masaka district
Use of synthetic pesticides in developing countries is not only limited by their being expensive but also the small (uneconomic) fields whose limited production costs cannot offset costs of agricultural implements like agro-chemicals. Subsistence farmers, therefore, have no choice but to use local methods of controlling pests, one of which is the use of traditional and of late introduced pesticidal plants’...
April 2011
Studies on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils and alcoholic extracts of Gentiana asclepiadea L.
The present paper describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils, methanolic and n-butanolic extracts of the Gentiana asclepiadea L., collected in Serbia. The essential oils were obtained from underground parts (root and rhizome) and aerial parts (stem, leaves and flowers) of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The major compounds in the oil from...
April 2011
Mentha cordifolia extract inhibits the development of hypertension in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats
This study was to test the inhibitory action of Mentha cordifolia (MC) extract on the development of hypertension in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water and were either intragastrically administered with MC extract (200 mg/kg/day) or deionized water for 3 weeks. Significant increases in mean arterial...
April 2011
Studies on the chemical constituents of fresh leaf of Eruca sativa extract and its biological activity as anticancer agent in vitro
Phytochemical investigations of the aqueous extract of Eruca sativa fresh leaves, afforded the presence of nine natural flavonoid compounds which were isolated and identified as kaempferol 3-O-(2''-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopy-ranoside)-4'-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (1), kaempferol 3,4'-O-diglucopyranoside (2), rhamnocitrin...
April 2011
Antibacterial, antifungal and phytochemical analysis of crude extracts from the leaves of Ludwigia abyssinica A. Rich. and Ludwigia decurrens Walter
Ludwigia abyssinica and Ludwigia decurrens are two plant species of the genus Ludwigiaused traditionally for the treatment of various skin, gastrointestinal, wound and bone joint disorders in Nigeria. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts from the leaves of both plants against clinically important species of bacteria and fungi were examined. The two plant species produced activities with...
April 2011
Phenolics and flavonoids profiling and antioxidant activity of three varieties of Malaysian indigenous medicinal herb Labisia pumila Benth.
A research was carried out to investigate total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) profiling of three varieties of Labisia pumila (alata, pumila, lanceolata), and their antioxidant activities in different plant parts as determined by DPPH and FRAP assays. Leaves of all varieties exhibitedhigher antioxidative activities compared to other parts indicating high foliar...
April 2011
Comparative studies on the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera fruits
The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extracts and fractions fromSchisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera fruits were comparatively studied here. Obvious differences were found in the yields and compositions of the essential oils, metal elements, polysaccharides, ethanol extracts and fractions of the two species. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were different...
April 2011
Assessment of genetic diversity among Indian populations of Cuscuta reflexa based on ITS sequences of nrDNA
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified from 30 populations of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. collected from nine different geographical locations of India. Analysis of nucleotide sequences reflects the polymorphism among the populations and differentiated them regionally. Maximum Likelihood Analysis (MLA) conducted on the ITS datasets, revealed that clade showed 100%...
April 2011
Ethnobotanical and antibacterial potential of Salvadora persica l: A well known medicinal plant in Arab and Unani system of medicine
The current study includes ethnobotanical and antibacterial importance of Salvadora persicaL. roots which are commonly used by different Muslim communities worldwide. Various medicinal properties are attributed to S. persica in traditional system of medicine. A detailed survey was conducted in different parts of Saudi Arabia to obtain information about the folklore uses, knowledge of local people and...
April 2011
Pharmacokinetic comparison of ferulic acid in healthy volunteers and patients with functional dyspepsia following oral administration of Chaihu-Shugan-San
Ferulic acid (FA) of Chuanxiong Rhizoma could promote gastrointestinal motor has been reported. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) have never been investigated. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetics of FA in patients with FD and healthy volunteers following oral administration of Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS). Eight healthy volunteers...
April 2011
Recognition and consumption uses and medicinal properties of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) by rural people in East part of Gilan Province (North Iran)
Medicinal plants have been used in ancient centuries to this time and people have completed them in different centuries and different time that we can complete knowledge of medicinal plant properties with surveying them in rural people of different countries and different areas in a country. In this research medicinal properties of sour orange (Citrusaurantium) have been studied by rural people in East part of Gilan...
April 2011
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium arduini essential oil and cirsimarin from Montenegro
Essential oil from Teucrium arduini was analyzed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-two components were identified (99.52% of total) and quantified by calculating the response factors of FID. The oil was dominated by sesquiterpenes, which accounted for 55.57% of the oil. This study indicates the presence of a...
April 2011
Chemical composition and antitumor activity of polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus
The alkaline soluble polysacchride AIOPA isolated and puriï¬ed from Inonotus obliquususing gel ï¬ltration was subjected to composition analysis and determined for the antitumor and immunomodulatory activitives. Based on the results of high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), gas chromatography (GC) and infra-red (IR) spectrum, AIOPA consisted of rhamnose, xylose, manose, galactose,...
April 2011
Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of pignut (Jatrophas curcas Linn.) on some pathogenic bacteria
The use of antimicrobial agents for the control of pathogenic bacteria is helpful in the treatment of infections and diseases. Hence, there is need to investigate the antimicrobial properties of plant extracts that have not been done. The ethanolic extracts of the leaf and bark of Jatrophas curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli,...
April 2011
Screening of steroid 5α-reductase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of Thai plants
Steroid 5α-reductase is the enzyme responsible for changing androgen testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Overexpression of DHT can cause many disorders including androgenic alopecia and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The aim of this study is to determine which plants possess 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, and to evaluate the correlation between 5α-reductase...
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