Import risk assessment of hatching eggs and day old chicks via Khartoum International Airport, Sudan
December 2011
This study was aimed to assess the quality level of the Sudanese standards and risks associated with the importation of hatching eggs and day old chicks as well as the sanitary measures in place based on the international (OIE) standards. Data were collected from the Federal Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (FMARF), the Sudanese Standards and Metrology...
Factors affecting conception rate in artificially inseminated cattle under farmers condition in Ethiopia
December 2011
This study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Adami Tullu district with objectives of evaluating factors affecting the efficiency of AI under farmers' situation and suggests options to be considered for improving the efficiency of AI delivery system. The overall conception rate attained in the study was 48.30% which is better than the national average conception rate reported so far. It was found out...
Effects of supplemental chromium-methionine on reproductive performance of dairy cows in transition period
December 2011
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental chromium on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Thus, twenty multiparous Holstein cows (parity 3) were allocated to two treatments groups with ten replicates in a completely randomized design. In this study, the treatment consists of control group which received no chromium supplementation and treatment group which received 5 g/day of...
Ameliorative effects of angiotensin-IV on the expression of hippocampus synaptophysin and the cognitive function of diabetic rats
December 2011
Cognitive impairment has been a common complication of diabetic. Recent evidences have pointed out angiotensin-IV (Ang-IV) can facilitate memory acquisition and recovery, whether it also can improve cognitive functions of diabetic rats with cognition disorder and the possible mechanisms if it really can are yet unknown. In this study, 45 Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into three groups randomly: control...
Anti-genotoxic effects of crude garlic extract on cisplatin induced toxicity on germ cells and morphology of sperms in in vivo mouse
November 2011
The present investigation was directed to study the possible anti-genotoxic activity of orally administered crude garlic extract (GE) against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in mouse by using chromosomal aberrations (CA’s) in germ cells and sperm morphology essay (SMA). Three different doses of garlic extract (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) were tested for their modulatory capacity on the mutagenecity exerted by CP (10...
Spermatozoa quality of half blooded Ettawah goat fed with three day old green bean sprout
November 2011
The research aims to study the sperm quality of local Ettawah goat fed with three day old green bean. Sixteen males of local Ettawah goats that are one and half year old were used in this study, with one female as the libido inducer. Randomized studies were designed using four kinds of treatment groups arranged in four trial blocks. However, there were four dietary treatments: K diet without sprout was used as the...
Susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Myxobolus cerebralis, the agent of whirling disease
November 2011
We have previously investigated the resistance or the susceptibility of carp (Cyprinus carpio) toMyxobolus cerebralis-spores, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids, through histological and molecular methods. To further our study we conducted the same studies on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is known to be susceptible to the causative agent. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),...
Raising community awareness about Zoonotic diseases with special reference to rift valley fever, the roles of professionals and media
November 2011
This study was carried out to through light on the factors that affect circulation of fact statement reported and listed in media. Media plays an important role in spread of information, which formulate knowledge and attitude of communities. The study also focuses light on factors that determine the roles and efficiency of veterinarian and physicians as professionals in handling problems, and study targeted people that...
Histological studies of the visual relay centres in cyanide toxicity: Mode of neuronal cell death in the V1, lateral geniculate body (LGB) and superior colliculus (SC) of adult Wistar rats
October 2011
Loss of sight has been a major disorder associated with progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving motor and cognitive dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective treatment either for symptomatic relief or disease modification. This relates, in part, to a lack of knowledge of the underlying neurochemical abnormalities, including cholinergic neurons status in the diffused system of the visual relay...
A comparative study on the morphology, anatomy, physiology and karyotype of the gadwall and red crested pochard that migrate to south Iraq marshes
October 2011
Although the gadwall Anas strepera and red-crested pochard Netta ruffina Netta are reclassified back to the same family origin, most of their characters such as morphology, anatomy, and physiology were different. A total of twenty birds of the gadwall and red-crested pochard were included in this study. These birds were hunted in the south of Iraq marshes by the use of...
Structure and population dynamics of myxobolus infections in wild and cultured Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Noun division (West-Cameroon)
October 2011
Myxosporidian parasites of Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Noun River at Kouoptamo and the Foumban fish ponds in west Cameroon, were investigated from May 2008 to June 2009. Out of 537 Tilapia (267 cultivated and 270 wild) examined, 64.8% (n=173) specimens from the fish farming and 61.1% (n=165) from the Noun River harbored Myxosporean parasites. A total of ten parasite species were...
The effect of Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Iranian traditional cheese on cutaneous wound healing in rats
October 2011
Today, there is a great interest in healing cutaneous wounds. Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on preventing or treating special pathologic conditions. It is also possible to use probiotics in wound healing processes. Since much research has not been done on probiotics, this study is designed to investigate the effects...
Effects of dietary alpha tocopherol acetate and soybean oil on growth performance and meat oxidative stability of broiler chicks
October 2011
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary soybean oil and alpha tocopherol acetate on growth performance and meat lipid peroxidation and acidity after slaughter in broilers. 405 one day old Ross-308 were used in this experiment. The study was done in a completely randomized design with 3×3 factorial arrangement include 3 levels of soybean oil (0, 1.5 and 3%) and 3...
The effects of morphine on the serum level of insulin in adult male Wistar rats
October 2011
Morphine is an alkaloid with C17H19NO3 chemical formula that extract from poppy plant and its scientific name is Papaver somniferum, it has psychological, analgesia and antidiarrhea effects. Also, millions of humans suffer from diabetes due to either insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The present study reports the effects of morphine on the serum levels of insulin in adult male Wistar rats. In this...
Haplotypic diversity of West African populations of groundnut seed-beetle, Caryedon serratus ol. (Coloeptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): Results from geographical and DNA sequences data
September 2011
Caryedon serratus, groundnut seed-beetle, is a major pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea).Structuring of its biotype is subservient to the host plant that has already been established, whiledifferences in the life history and ecology of the populations have led to the study of their genetic...
Study on prevalence of internal parasites in semi-intensive dairy production system of Sudan
September 2011
A cross sectional study was conducted in the dairy cattle of Al-Rodwan dairy project in Omdurman town during the three different seasons of the year. The results of the faecal examinations (n-290) showed that the prevalence of the internal parasites was 16, 8.42, and 7.36% for dry cool, dry hot, and wet hot season, respectively. The prevalence of coccidiosis was found to be 13, 4.21, and 2.10% for dry cool, dry hot, and...
Effect of ethanol and sialidase activities on the developing kidney of Wistar rats
September 2011
The use of ethanol is widespread and its adverse effects have been documented. This study was to investigate the histological changes and sialic acid levels of the developing kidney as a result of oral administration of ethanol for thirty days. Twenty five adult Wistar rats, between 170 and 200 g in weight divided into five groups of five rats each were used for this study. 0.18 to 0.19 ml, 0.17 to 0.20 ml, 0.17 to...
Impact of glutamine on glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX) and total antioxidant status (TAS) during transition period in Holstein dairy cows
September 2011
The objectives of this study were to investigate whether or not consumption of protected glutamine during transition period would affect biomarkers of oxidative stress and milk production. 36 pregnant Holstein dairy cattle were chosen according to body condition score (BCS) and their parity, after which they were classified into two groups with regards to their expecting calving and parity. Group B received...
The effect of nicotine on the serum level of insulin in adult male Wistar rats
September 2011
Nicotine is an alkaloid used by millions of people worldwide through cigarette smoking and has adverse effects on every organ and particularly on the endocrine system. Also, millions of humans suffer from diabetes due to either insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The present study reports the effects of nicotine on the serum level of insulin in adult male Wistar rats. In this empirical research work, we used 50...
Changes of stress indicators during surgery of female Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus, (Borodin, 1897)]
September 2011
Understanding of the stress responses in fish may help to improve management, production, and animal welfare. To determine the threshold levels of stress responses in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, the main indicators of stress (cortisol and glucose) were measured during surgery operation. For this purpose, five blood samples were collected as follow: four samples with 15 min intervals during 45 min...
Somatic cell count, total bacterial count and acidity properties of milk in Khartoum State, Sudan
September 2011
This work was conducted in Khartoum State to study the limits of the somatic cell count (SCC), the total bacteria count (TBC) and the acidity of the raw cow milk produced in the three geographical areas of the Khartoum State. A total of 644 stratified random raw milk samples were collected during summer and winter. The different counts and acidity were evaluated in the farm milk and compared to that sold in the market....
Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic on growth indices and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens
August 2011
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and mixture of probiotic and prebiotic as dietary growth promoter on serum biochemical parameters, energy and protein efficiency of broiler chickens. Three hundred day old Ross 308 broilers were equally distributed into 30 floor pens and reared for 42 days. A basal diet was formulated according to the recommendations of NRC for...
Immunohistochemical localization and characterization of distinct angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 receptor isoforms in the adrenal glands of the Sprague-Dawley rat and the desert rodent Meriones crassus
August 2011
Employing specific polyclonal anti-AT1 and anti-AT2 antibodies, AT1 and AT2 receptor expression was immunohistochemically demonstrable within adrenal tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats and the desert rodent Meriones crassus. Among adrenal cortical zones in rats, AT1 receptor labeling was evident in zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis. In contrast, AT1 receptor labeling was...
A comparative in vitro study of morphology and phagocytic capacity of the free surface respiratory macrophages in the duck and the rabbit
August 2011
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the free surface respiratory macrophages (SM) of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were compared with those of the domestic rabbit (Oryctologus cuniculus) under similar experimental conditions. The duck had significantly fewer SM compared to those of rabbit. In the duck, there was flux of SM as depicted by increase of SM during the first three progressive lavages...
The role of oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS)
August 2011
The present study examined the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of heart failure in broilers. Our experiment was conducted with 160 one–day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the mechanisms of cell injury in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome. The chickens were divided into two groups of four replicates each, with 20 chicks per replicate. One group was raised...
The prevalence of SEN virus infection in blood donors and chronic hepatitis B and C patients in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
August 2011
SEN virus (SEN-V) is a blood-borne, circular, nonenveloped and single-stranded DNA virus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated 9 different genotypes for this virus. SEN-V could be related to post-transfusion hepatitis and infections with this virus in blood donors and hepatitis patients differ markedly by geographic region. The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence of H and D...
Matrix metalloproteinases (with accent to collagenases)
July 2011
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of enzymes that regulate cell–matrix composition.The MMPs are zinc-dependent endopeptidases known for their ability to cleave one or several extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents, as well as nonmatrix proteins. This review focuses on structural and functional elements of MMPs, and their roles in physiological and pathological processes, in which...
Enumeration and identification of Coliform bacteria from raw milk in Khartoum State, Sudan
July 2011
To determine the most probable number (MPN) of Coliform and to identify the Coliform bacteria present in the raw milk in the three geographical areas of Khartoum state. Six hundred and forty four raw milk samples were collected during the period between April 2008 to February 2009. The Coliformlimits in the raw milk accepted internationally are less than 100 cell/ml. About 51.3% of the samples...
Breed characteristics in Iranian native goat populations
July 2011
Investigation of genetic relationship among populations was traditionally based on the analysis of allele frequencies at different loci. The aim of this study was to analyze, the genetic diversity and variability of three native Iranian goat populations (Raeini, Korki Jonub Khorasan and Lori) through the use of 13 microsatellite markers. The 13 tested loci were all polymorphic in the three...
Vulnerability poverty analysis in Moyamba District: The PAR approach in three chiefdoms
July 2011
Participatory action research (PAR) techniques were used to research application of vulnerability poverty analysis (VPA), specifically to identify farmers’ exposure to health risks in the farming season and their levels of coping ability in three chiefdoms in Sierra Leone. This research also provides an understanding of the long-term factors affecting farmers’ ability to respond to coping mechanisms and...
Preliminary studies on the damage symptoms and the spatial distribution of an emerging insect pest, Mecocorynus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) on cashew in Ghana
July 2011
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) has become a very important non-traditional tree crop in Ghana. The crop is, however, infested by numerous insect pests at different stages of its growth. Knowledge of the insect complexity associated with the tree is essential for developing pest control strategies for the crop. Following a reported outbreak of an unknown pest by officials of Ministry of Food and...
Discovery of soft bodied metazoans and microphytofossils from the Mesoproterozoic sediments of Vindhyan Supergroup, India
June 2011
An assemblage of microbial remains consisting two types of preservations are being recorded for the first time from the phosphoritic chert intercalated in Tirohan Limestone (Rohtas Limestone Formation) of Semri Group, Vindhyan Supergroup, exposed in Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh. The uniquely preserved, cryptic forms are multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical, monoecious, cylindrical elongated coiled body with clitellum...
Genetic and environmental trends in the long-term dairy cattle genetic improvement programmes in the central tropical highlands of Ethiopia
June 2011
A total of 1979 lactation records from 550 selected crossbred dairy cows that born between 1974 and 2005 were used to estimate annual genetic and environmental trends in milk production and reproduction traits at Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. Annual genetic and environmental trends were estimated by regressing BLUP estimated breeding value on year of birth. Variance components and genetic parameters...
Influence of biometric characteristics and gender on serum IgM in the Benni, Barbus sharpeyi Gunther, 1874 (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae)
June 2011
IgM is the only known immunoglobulin in fishes with an important role in immune responses. This study was done to evaluate serum IgM level in Barbus sharpeyi and to study the influence of weight, length and sex on it. IgM value was determined in the serum of 42 male and female B. sharpeyi (Benni) fish using RIA method. Fish came from Dashte azadegan fish farm at the southwest of Iran. The mean value...
Comparative assessment of in-vitro anthelmintic effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds and leaves of the African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) on bovine nematode eggs
June 2011
The effects of the aqueous extracts of seeds and leaves of the African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) on the viability of the eggs of cattle gastrointestinal helminthes was evaluated in cattle in vitro. The faecal egg counts (FEC) was determined using the modified McMaster technique. The seed extracts produced maximum inhibition of the hatchability of the helminth eggs at 0.3, 0.7 and 1.2 ml while the leave...
Effects of Hibiscus asper leaves extracts on carrageenan induced oedema and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
May 2011
The present study was undertaken to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Hibiscus asper Hook. f. leaves (Malvaceae) against carrageenan induced acute inflammation and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar albino rats. In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, the methanolic extract of H. asper exhibited signiï¬cant...
Implication of hydrogen peroxide in biochemical and morphological alterations of cultured adventitial fibroblasts of Psammomys obesus
May 2011
Oxidative stress causes hypertrophy and apoptosis, which are both implicated in various pathogenesis, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. Within this framework, we chose toanalyze certain physiopathological aspects (lipid peroxidation, proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, hypertrophy and oncosis conducting the cell to...
The effects of sildenafil ciltrate on the medial geniculate body of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)- A histological study
April 2011
The histological effect of oral administration of sildenafil citrate (Viagra), commonly used as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of erectile dysfunction on the medial geniculate body of adult Wistar rat was carefully studied. The rats of both sexes (n=24), average weight of 202 g were randomly assigned into three treatment (n=18) and control (n=6) groups. The rats in the treatment groups...
Effects of dietary inclusion of several biological feed additives on growth response of broiler chickens
April 2011
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the probiotic Primalac, prebiotic Biolex-MB, a combination of the two supplements (probiotic plus prebiotic) and one growth promoter antibiotic (Flavomycin) on performance results of broiler chickens. Three hundred day old Ross 308 broilers were equally distributed into 30 floor pens and reared for 42 day. A basal diet was also supplemented with Flavomycin (650...
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary in dog: Case report from Tehran
April 2011
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are common neoplasm in domestic animal that originates from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary. The aim of present paper was to report a case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor in a 6-year-old female German shepherd and to describe the histopathological pattern of this tumor. The dog with history of clinical signs such as ascites, bloody discharge from...
Condition and population size of Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque)
March 2011
This study discusses the population size of Macaca fascicularis in Penang Botanical Gardens, Malaysia. The scan sampling method was used to observe the groups of M. fascicularis in the gardens. The study was carried out from February 2007 to June 2007. Chi-square test was used to find the correlation of individual appears on the specific area of the gardens. The total number of...
Sex specific genetic and environmental trends for birth weight in indigenous Nguni conservation cattle herd of Zimbabwe
February 2011
Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) of breeding values for additive direct and additive maternal genetic effects were estimated from pedigree birth weight (BWT) records 4272 in indigenous Nguni cattle born between 1988 and 1997. Data was partitioned according to sex and breeding values for direct additive and maternal additive were estimated using a univariate animal model. Estimates of sex specific genetic trends...
Testicular biometry and its relationship with body weight and semen output of black Bengal bucks in Bangladesh
February 2011
Biometrical study of testes were done in twelve black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus) of three different age groups, 0.5 to 1.0 years (group A), 1.5 to 2.0 years (group B) and 2.5 to 3.0 years (group C) to find out the age depended changes in the biometry of testes and their relationship with semen quality. Before slaughtering the bucks, the semen quality of the bucks of three different age groups was evaluated in terms of...
Purification and characterizations of NAD dependent isocritrate dehydrogenase from human kidney mitochondria
February 2011
NAD-IDH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide socitric dehydrogenase) has been purified in 1216-fold with a total recovery of 7.5% from the mitochondria of human kidney by using a combination of affinity chromatography with the anion-exchange matrix that allowed obtaining a preparation of high purity. The shape of the peak from Sephacryl S-100 and the results from SDS-PAGE confirm that the enzyme is a tetramer with...
Polymorphism of BoLA-DRB 3.2 gene in Iranian native cattle by using PCR-RFLP method
February 2011
Enhancing disease resistance in animal production can be achieved by genetic improvement programs. The best characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in animals is that associated with the MHC. Respond to specific antigens is closely related to MHC genes and their associations might therefore provide precious answers to main questions about the host pathogen interactions. In cattle there is...
Comparative study of β-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism in Holstein and Iranian native cattle
February 2011
β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the major protein in whey, making up about 50 to 60% of the total protein. A biological task for β-LG has been the subject of much speculation, but no specific function has been proven. About eleven protein variants of β-LG are known, of which variants A and B are common in most cattle breeds. The purpose of this study was to identify genotypes of...
Sodium periodate inhibits the binding efficiency of influenza A virus (H3N2) with mammalian cell lines
January 2011
Influenza epidemics cause numerous death and thousands of hospitalization each year. Because of the alarming emergence of resistant to anti-influenza drugs, there is a need to identify new anti-viral therapeutic agents. Viral tropism was stabilized in three mammalian celllines of different origin. The selected celllines are treated with sodium periodate at various concentrations to assess the rate of plaque reduction....
Susceptibility of Corynebacterum spp. responsible for bovine mastits against commonly used antibiotics in Kuku dairy farms, Sudan
January 2011
A study on bovine mastitis due to Corynebacterium spp. showed that out of 2283 quarter milk samples, 224 (9.81%) gave positive reactivity to California mastitis test, while 600 (26.28%) and 1459 (63.9%) recorded as doubtful and negative respectively. Two hundred and five bacterial isolates were recovered from milk samples examined, the isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. 107...
Purification and partial characterization of acetlcholinesterase from Pardosa astrigera L. Koch
January 2011
A simple and effective method was set up to purify acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7) from the head and appendage of Pardosa astrigera. The AChE was purified by salt fractionation, DEAE-52 ion-exchange chromatography and Superdex 200 methods. The purity and molecular weight of the acetylcholinesterase were detected with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. Biochemical...
Factors affecting seasonal prevalence of blood parasites in dairy cattle in Omdurman locality, Sudan
January 2011
This study was conducted in Al-Rodwan project in Omdurman to investigate the prevalence of blood parasites in dairy cattle during different seasons. A total of 290 animals were examined during three seasons: dry cool (100), dry hot (95) and wet hot (95). The results showed that the prevalence of blood parasites during different seasons was 8, 5.25 and 6.32% for dry cool, dry hot and wet hot season, respectively. The...
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