Host determinants of bovine mastitis in semi-intensive production system of Khartoum state, Sudan
May 2009
Out of 2283 quarter milk samples, 224 (9.81%) gave positive reactivity to California mastitis test, while 600 (26.28%) and 1459 (63.9%) recorded as doubtful and negative respectively. In this study isolated Corynebacterium wereCorynebacterium striatum 9 (33.3%), Arcanobacterium pyogene 4 (14.8%),Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis 2 (7.4%), Corynebacterium ulcerans 5...
Pathologic lesions in the gills of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of soap and detergent effluents.
May 2009
Investigations were carried out on the gill tissues of African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to sub lethal concentrations (0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.006 mgl‑1) of soap and detergent effluents in a static renewal bioassay procedure for a total period of 52 days. The histopathological studies of the sectioned gills of this fish species showed marked histological...
To study the effect of photosensitizer on melanophore responses of blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus)
May 2009
The present study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of a photosensitizer- Methoxsalen, on dietary supplementation, on melanophores/pigmentation and to evaluate the persistence of change in melanophores after discontinuing the feeding of photosensitizer supplemented feeds to labyrinth fish, blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus). The fishes were fed with four feeds (E1, E2, E3 and...
Seasonal variations of malaria transmission in Western Cameroon highlands: Entomological, parasitological and clinical investigations
March 2009
A cross-sectional study on malaria transmission was carried out in Mangoum, a village situated in the western highland region of Cameroon in October 2005 and May 2006, to assess malaria parasite prevalence in a cohort of children and vectors biting habits and entomological inoculation rate. Mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers. Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and...
Studies of human HbAA erythrocyte osmotic fragility index of non malarious blood in the presence of five antimalarial drugs
March 2009
The capacity of human HbAA erythrocytes of non-malarious blood to withstand osmotic stress in the presence of five antimalarial drugs, Chloroquine phosphate, Quinine, FansidarTM, CoartemTM and HalfanTM was studied by in vitro investigations. Aqueous solutions of four increasing concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% (w/v) of the drugs were used in this investigation. The...
Efficiency of intracellular cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of sheep oocytes by controlled slow freezing and vitrification techniques
March 2009
Oocyte cryopreservation has encompassed various technical difficulties and thus remained a challenge to many cryobiologists. The effect of three widely used cryoprotectants and two cryopreservation techniques on the post thaw recovery rate of morphologically normal sheep oocyte, their fertilizability and developmental competence were analyzed. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at...
Effects of gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos on implantation and neonatal mice
March 2009
Exposure to some organophosphate (OP) compounds during pregnancy has been associated with adverse health consequence on both the mother and the offspring. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) during gestation on implantation and on some neonatal parameters in mice. Twenty one virgin Swiss albino mice divided into 3 groups of 7 mice each served as subjects for this study. Mice...
Prevalence of snail vectors of schistosomiasis and their infection rates in two localities within Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U.) Campus, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
March 2009
648 snails comprising 392 (60.5%) Bulinus globosus (Morelet, 1866) and 256 (39.5%) Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss, 1848) obtained from Samaru stream and ABU dam between April and September 2007 were examined for cercariae. Of this total, 355 snails were obtained from Samaru stream while 293 snails were obtained from A.B.U dam. 247 (69.58%) of the snails from Samaru stream were B....
Comparison of hexavalent chromium bioaccumulation in five strains of paramecium, Paramecium bursaria
March 2009
The effects of hexavalent chromium on the cell growth of paramecium,Paramecium bursaria were investigated. Five strains (KBW-2, KNN-2, KNN-3, IM-6 and F1-6a) of P. bursaria (both symbiotic and algae free) were incubated in lettuce media supplemented with different concentrations of potassium dichromate under LD (12 h light: 12 h dark) conditions. To compare the bioaccumulation of chromium in...
Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection-induced changes in the serum profiles of lipids and cholesterol and the clinical implications in pigs
February 2009
The possible effects of Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) infection on serum levels of some lipids and cholesterol were studied in pigs. The infection with T. bruceicaused significant decline in the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein. Mean values of these parameters in the infected group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in the control group, in which the...
Haematological and serum biochemical changes in pigs administered with ascorbic acid and transported by road for four hours during the harmattan season
February 2009
This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on haematology and serum biochemical responses of pigs transported for short journey (4 h) during the harmattan season. Sixteen pigs administered with AA at a dose of 250 mg/kg per os and individually served as experimental animals, and 13 others each administered orally with sterile water served as control animals. The...
Ultra structural and histomorphometric study of retinal pigmented epithelium of retina in female cat under the effect of continuous light exposure and dark adapted
February 2009
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometry and ultra structure of retinal pigmented layer in continuous light exposed and dark adapted domestic female cats. Twenty four healthy adult cats were divided into three groups: control, continuous light exposed and continuous dark adapted groups. The eyes of animals were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. The results showed that in light exposed...
Histological observations of 24 h oral administration of the extract of Sorghum bicolor on albino rats
January 2009
The histological effects of oral administration of the alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor on albino rats were investigated. The alcoholic extract was dried and resuspended in distilled water and the following quantities were administered orally to the albino rats per kg body weight: 10, 100, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2900 mg while normal saline solution served as control. The rats were dissected after 24 h....
Effect of road transportation on erythrocyte osmotic fragility of pigs administered ascorbic acid during the harmattan season in Zaria, Nigeria
January 2009
This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight hours road transportation on pigs administered ascorbic acid (AA) during the harmattan season. Twenty nine pigs were used for the study, seventeen pigs were administered with AA at a dose of 250 mg/kg per os and served as experimental animals, while 13 others each administered orally with sterile water served as control...
Cloning and sequence analysis of translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog (yeast) gene (TIMM10) from the giant panda
January 2009
TIMM10 is a member of the family of small Tim proteins, which is an important translocase located in inner mitochondrial membrane. It is a significant and interesting work to study it. The cDNA of TIMM10 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced and analyzed preliminarily. The cDNA fragment cloned is 307...
Hematological characteristics and correlations of diploid and triploid Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius in juvenile stage
December 2008
Hematological analysis can provide valuable knowledge for monitoring the health and conditions of both wild and cultured fishes. The objective of this work was to measure and compare of blood parameters and studying their correlations for Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius. The values for Hb and HCT were higher for diploid than triploid Caspian salmon (P < 0.05). Triploidisation in Caspian salmon...
Seasonal fluctuations of heavy metals from Kor River, Fars, Iran
December 2008
Seasonal fluctuations of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Iron and Chromium) were studied in relation to water current, at three sampling stations from the bank of Kor River, from 15th March 2003 to 15th February 2004. The water and sediment samples were analyzed with the help of Atomic absorption methods (Perkins / Elmer Atomic absorption USA.). The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and coefficient...
Effect of depth and open waters on site selection by wintering waterfowl in freshwater wetlands
November 2008
Most attempts to understand site selection by wintering waterfowl in the tropics have centered on food abundance. However, when wintering waterfowl are confronted with a choice of shifting mosaics along the Central Asian Indian migratory flyway, the wetland characteristics favoring selection of some wetlands over the others have been less understood. To obtain an insight into the influence of wetland characteristics...
Genetic evaluation of Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian for milk constituent traits in central Ethiopia
October 2008
Breed additive and non-additive effects, and genetic parameters of milk fat, protein, solids not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) percents, were estimated in Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Friesian in central Ethiopia. Ethiopian Boran cattle were consistently superior (P<0.01) to the Ethiopian Boran-Holstein Friesian crosses for the milk composition traits studied. When the crosses were compared, the...
Haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of the young grasscutter (Thyronomys swinderianus) reared in northern Nigeria
October 2008
To determine the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of young grasscutters, ten young reared African grassscutters (Thyronomys swinderianus-a wild rodent) were used. Results obtained indicates that the mean values of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HB) and total white blood cell count (WBC) were 38.5 ± 5.1%, 12.8 ± 1.7g/dL and 10.4 ± 2.8 x 109/L, respectively....
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale goats castrated at different ages
October 2008
The study was conducted on thirty six male Arsi-Bale kids of 10.56 ± 0.39 kg initial body weight for 15 months to investigate the effects of age at castration on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The treatments were entire/intact (T1), castration at three (T2), at six (T3) and at nine months of age (T4). All castrated and entire goats were browsed during day time and supplemented with concentrate at...
Cell passaging rapidly affects expression, secretion and activity of MMP9 as well as mobility of HL60 leukemia cells
September 2008
The HL60 cell line, derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, can differentiate into neutrophil-like cell following DMSO treatment. Mobility of HL60, or DMSO-differentiated HL60 cells (≠HL60), requires surface expression of adhesion molecules and production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this study was to investigate in HL60 and ≠HL60 the effects of cell passaging (over 5 passages after...
The effect of the lactoperoxidase (LP) system in combination with container smoking on the microbial quality of goats’ milk was assessed during storage at ambient temperature. The titratable acidity, coliform count (CC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in LP activated milk samples (T2) decreased by 0.13%, 1.6 and 1.33 log10 units, respectively as compared to their respective values in the control (T1) at 7 h of storage. Coliform count and TBC in T2 decreased by 0.33 and 0.20 log10 units, respectively at 7 h of storage as compared to the initial count. When container smoking was combined with the LP system (T4), no acid development was observed in the milk samples. It can be concluded that container smoking combined with the LP system could effectively control microbial growth and extend the shelf life of goats’ milk stored at an ambient temperature by at least 7 h. Key words: Goat milk, lactoperoxidase system, shelf life, smoking.
September 2008
The effect of the lactoperoxidase (LP) system in combination with container smoking on the microbial quality of goats’ milk was assessed during storage at ambient temperature. The titratable acidity, coliform count (CC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in LP activated milk samples (T2) decreased by 0.13%, 1.6 and 1.33 log10 units, respectively as compared to their respective values in the control (T1) at 7 h...
Efficacy and toxicity of cymelarsan® in Nubian goats infected with Trypanosoma evansi
July 2008
Nine groups of Nubian goats were infected with T. evansi. Groups 1 and 2 were used as negative and positive control respectively, groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given a single intramuscular dose of Cymelarsan® at the rate of 0.125, 0.25, 0.625, 1.25 mg/kg, respectively. Goats in groups 7 and 8 were each given intramuscular Cymelarsan® at the rate of 0.125 mg/kg twice/week for two weeks and 0.125 mg/kg...
Biochemical changes in the plasma of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
July 2008
Biochemical evaluation of plasma during disease conditions gives an indication of the functional status of the various body organs. Biochemical analysis of plasma from 32 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense revealed at various stages of infection, dramatic increases in blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, cholesterol and tissue enzymes including creatine kinase...
The African trypanosomes ADP-ribosylation factor 1 has species-specific motif signatures and is developmentally regulated
June 2008
Small GTP-binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family are essential for vesicle formation, intracellular and membrane trafficking and signal transduction. We have cloned and characterized the homologue of Arf1 fromTrypanosoma b. brucei, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma congolense andTrypanosoma vivax. The African trypanosome Arf1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 546 base pairs,...
Study on ultrastructure of Leishmania major and Lizard leishmania
June 2008
We compared ultrastructure of Lizard Leishmania and Leishmania majorpromastigotes by electron microscope. Leishmania major (MRHO/R64/Nadim1) and Lizard leishmania promastigotes were mass cultured, collected by centrifugation and washed by PBS buffer three times, the ultrastructural features of both Leishmania promastigotes were observed by transmission electron...
Comparative histological features of the pancreas in fruit-eating bat (Eidolon-helvum) and pangolin (Manis tricuspis)
June 2008
Mammals have varying histological features in their gastrointestinal tract to enable them cope with their dietary preferences. Fruit-eating bat (Eidolon helvum) is a frugivore while Pangolin (Manis tricuspis) is an insectivore, pancreases of the two animals were investigated histologically to know if the histological features of pancreas could have any implication on their dietary preferences. The animals...
Seroprevalence of rinderpest in non-vaccinated cattle in Unity State, Southern Sudan
May 2008
In the frame work of the Pan African Control of Epizootics (PACE) Program, a cross-sectional serological survey for rinderpest (RP) was conducted among non-vaccinated cattle in Unity State, Sudan. A total of 280 serum samples were collected from cattle of different ages and both sexes in eight sites between June and December 2004. These sera were tested for antibodies against rinderpest virus (RPV) using...
Antioxidant defense of glutamine on myocardial antioxidant status in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats
May 2008
Oxidative stress is one of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of adriamycin-induced cardiac dysfunction. The present study examined the antioxidant defense of glutamine on myocardial antioxidant status in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats with respect to changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, and the activities of antiperoxidative enzymes...
Anatomical characters for easy identification between Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Helisoma duryi and Indoplanorbis exustus during field surveys
May 2008
Accurate identification of the freshwater snails that are responsible for schistosome transmission is needed in order to settle the best control strategy. We propose herein a description of the anatomical characters that allow distinguishing between the three planorbids snails: Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the main intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Africa, Helisoma duryi andIndoplanorbis...
Comparison of the developmental and survival rates, adult longevity and oviposition of Helopeltis schoutedeni reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cashew
April 2008
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) has become a very important tree crop in Ghana. It is, however, attacked by several sap sucking insects, including the mosquito bug, Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter. Both the nymph and adult of H. schoutedeni feeding on cashew by sucking the sap from flushing shoots, panicles and immature fruits. The present study investigated the comparative effects of these...
Nutritional value of chicken offal as replacement for local fish meal in growing snail
April 2008
A total of ninety growing snails of mean weight 91.23 ± 2.4 g were used to determine the effects of partial or total replacement of local fish meal as a source of protein with less expensive, chicken offal in the diet of growing snails. Completely randomized design was used for the study. The feeding trial had four treatments, C1, C2, C3 and C4 in which fish meal...
Laboratory studies of the biology of Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), a major sucking pest of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.)
March 2008
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) has become a very important non-traditional tree crop in Ghana. Several insect pests, however, have been recorded on cashew and prominent among which is the cashew mosquito, Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). The biology of H. schoutedeni was studied in the laboratory at 24.9 to 33oC and 72.4 to 88.5% Relative humidity (R.H.). Females pre-dominated males in the...
Effect of season and farming system on the quantity and nutritional quality of scavengeable feed resources and performance of village poultry in central Tanzania
March 2008
A 2 x 2 factorial study was conducted to assess the effect of season and farming system on the quantity and nutritional quality of scavengeable feed resources and the performance of village poultry in central Tanzania. A total of 648 scavenging chickens purchased from farmers were slaughtered and the crop contents were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. The mean fresh weights of the crop contents were higher...
Assessment of Bos taurus embryos comparing stereoscopic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
March 2008
Transmission electronic microscopy was used to test the efficiency of the classification criteria for Bos taurus embryos using conventional stereoscopic microscopy, since the criteria used for Bos indicus has proved inaccurate with the latter method. Embryos were collected from Holstein heifers 7 days after artificial insemination and classified according to the criteria established by the...
A comparative morphometric analysis of the stomach in rat Rattus norvegicus, bat Eidolon helvum and pangolin Manis tricuspis
March 2008
The difference in the feeding habits of these three mammals necessitated this study, (pangolin being insectivorous, bat frugivorous and rat omnivorous). This study compared the macro and micro-morphometric adaptations adopted by the stomach of the three mammals to cope with their feeding habits. The study was carried out using sixteen rats, sixteen bats and eight pangolin of both sexes randomly divided into two equal...
Effect of replacement of cocoa bean shell for maize on growth, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of growing snail (Archachatina marginata)
March 2008
In a completely randomized design, a total of 120 growing snails of mean weight 156.69 ± 3.4 g were used to investigate the effect of partial replacement of maize with cocoa bean shell (CBS) for growing snail for 20 weeks. There were five treatments and three replicates of 8 snails each. The diets contained 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% CBS in partial replacement of maize and designated T1, T2, T3, T4and...
Impact of Flufenoxuron, an IGR pesticide on Gallus domesticus embryonic development in ovo
March 2008
The struggle against the agricultural devastating is increased in few last years and many products are created to kill the harmful insects and bug, without controlling their effect on ecosystem and non-target animals. In present work, we try to investigate the effects of the Flufenoxuron, which is an Insect growth Regulator (IGR) on embryonic development of hen’s eggs as a non-target organism...
The dynamics of Desmidacean populations in Ologe lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria
February 2008
An investigation into the dynamics of Desmidacean populations in Ologe lagoon was carried out for a period of 24 months. It covered identification, diversity and elucidating the influence of some physical and chemical parameters on temporal abundance and spatial distribution of the Desmidacea. Five villages around the lagoon were sampled using standard techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed...
Biochemical effectiveness in liver detoxication of fresh pineapple (Ananas comosus) with the wistar rats, previously intoxicated by Doliprane®
February 2008
The effect of hepatic detoxication with the help of fresh pineapple (Ananascomosus), was evaluated on 28 wistar albinos rats previously intoxicated by DOLIPRANE® containing 20% of paracetamol. Four batches consisting, each them of 7 animals were formed. Batch n° 1, was neither intoxicated nor treated. Batch n° 2 was intoxicated for 2 weeks at the rate of two two (2) grams of...
Effect of level of substitution of sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas. L) vines for concentrate on body weight gain and carcass characteristics of browsing Arsi-Bale goats
February 2008
The study was conducted for 132 days on forty growing Arsi-Bale male goats of 16.78±0.61kg initial body weight to evaluate the use of fresh sweet potato vines (SPV) and concentrate given as sole or mixtures and also to determine the optimum level of substitution. Browsing goats were supplemented with SPV and concentrate, which was gradually replaced with fresh sweet potato vines at five levels: 0% SPV...
Response of Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Escherichia coli to drilling fluids
February 2008
Inhibition of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas, nitrite oxidation by Nitrobacterand carbon IV oxide evolution by Escherichia coli were employed as indices to determine the effect of four drilling fluids (Paradril, IMC0-W, IMC0-O and Gel/KCL/polymer to these bacteria. The percentage survival (determined by aerobic spread plate count) of these bacteria when exposed to these fluids was...
A study on antibody-mediated enhancement of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goat synovial membrane cells
January 2008
Antibody-mediated enhancement of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus in goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells was investigated with regards to time of onset and severity of lesions. Homologous antibody was serially diluted to enhance the growth of the virus as this provided both optimal and subnormal concentrations of the antibody. The cells were incubated for five days and later stained with Giemsa stain. Marked...
Morphine is an exogenous ligand for MrgX2, a G protein-coupled receptor for cortistatin
January 2008
MrgX2 is reported to be expressed in a specific subset of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, and it is activated by the endogenous peptides, cortistatin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide. Here, we show that morphine but not opioid peptides stimulated a dose-dependent increase of the intracellular calcium ion level in MrgX2-expressing cells. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, did not influence these...
Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene expression under chloroquine and mefloquine challenge
January 2008
The present investigation was carried out to identify and study the gene expression patterns of two novel Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance associated Protein (MRP) transporters belonging to the ABC protein family coded by the genes pfmrp1 and pfmrp2 inP. falciparum. Full sequencing resulted in the identification of four SNPs in pfmrp1 and eight SNPs and three insertions/deletions...
Reproductive fitness of stressed female broodstock of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1809)
December 2007
Reproductive fitness of female brood stock of Clarias gariepinus was determined using three different stress conditions; confinement and starvation for 12 hours before hormone injection; keeping fish out of water after hormone treatment (Latency period) and transportation. Broodstock of eight months old with an average weight ranging between 450 and 750 g were used for the experiment. There was no significant...
Developmental competence, birth and survival of lambs following transfer of twin or triple embryos of dwarf size prolific donor into large size non-prolific recipient sheep
December 2007
The objective of the present study was to assess the embryo survival and development of progeny following transfer of either 2 or 3 embryos derived from dwarf size prolific Garole sheep into non-prolific large size Awassi x Malpura crossbred recipient ewes. Embryos were collected from donor ewes following induction of superovulation using FSH (5.4 mg Ovagen) and PMSG (200 IU) regimen. Estrus was synchronized in donor...
The impact of obesity on serum biochemical components
December 2007
Two experiments were conducted separately for this study, in each experiment genetically fat and lean chickens were selected and reared under the same environment and management system. The effect of breed on body weight and abdominal fat weight were found to be significant (P < 0.05). Genetically fat and lean chickens were significantly differed...
Vaccine efficacy in cattle against hemorrhagic septicemia with live attenuated aroA mutant of Pasteurella multocida B:2 strain
November 2007
Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. In South Asia HS is caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. Some control is achievedwith killed whole-cell vaccines injected subcutaneously, but these provide only short-termimmunity and require annual administration. For live attenuated strains to be used as vaccines,the mode of attenuation...
Page 5 of 6, showing 50 records out of 262 total, starting on record 201, ending on 250
