November 2012
Cyclooxygenases: Proliferation and differentiation
Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Mainly two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified which are now known as cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Both iso-enzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. The two isoenzymes are similar in protein...
November 2012
Molecular markers for genetic diversity and phylogeny research of Brazilian sheep breeds
Brazilian sheep descended from several breeds brought to the New World by Portuguese and Spanish colonists, and they have evolved and adapted to local climatic variations and acquired tolerance or resistance to many diseases. Molecular markers are widely used in analyzing genetic variability, and markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism...
November 2012
Molecular characterization and assessment of genetic diversity of sorghum inbred lines
Selecting parents of diverse genetic base with contrasting phenotype is an important step in developing mapping populations for quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and marker-assisted selection. We studied genetic diversity in 31 sorghum parents using 413 sorghum simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The polymorphism information content (PIC), a measure of gene diversity, varied from 0 to 0.92 with an...
November 2012
Low genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans population in potato in north China
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most important disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). This study reveals the genetic diversity of P. infestanspopulation in north China. A total of 134 strains of P. infestans were isolated fromdifferent agricultural fields in Hebei, Liaoning, Jinlin and Heilongjiang Provinces...
November 2012
Molecular diversity among seven Solanum (eggplant and relatives) species assessed by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
Seven Solanum species (eggplants) were investigated for molecular diversity. Besides its widespread cultivation, nutritional and economic importance, its genome has not been extensively researched. 39 Solanum accessions, a landrace and tomato variety (LBR 48) were molecularly analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker technique. A dendrogram was obtained based on...
November 2012
Rapid isolation of high molecular weight DNA from single dry preserved adult beetle of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification
For studying genetic diversity in populations of predatory coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), our attempts to isolate high quality DNA from individual adult beetle using several previously reported protocols and even modifications were quite unsuccessful as the insect size was small and was preserved at -20°C as dry specimen. Here we describe a...
November 2012
Chromium stress in Brassica juncea L. cv. 'Pusa Jai Kissan' under hydroponic culture
Chromium (Cr) entering plant tissue inhibits most physiological processes at all levels of metabolism including inhibition of growth, photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation. Since Cr exists in many forms, its toxicity to plants depends on its valence state, with Cr (VI) found to be highly toxic and mobile than Cr (III). Different concentrations of Cr (0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) in the form...
November 2012
The effect of different irrigation levels on the oleuropein contents of olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) in the western coastal region of Turkey
In this study, the effect of different irrigation levels on oleuropein content of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) was researched in the Aegean Region during the crop season of 2007. Six different irrigation water levels of drip irrigation were tested using class A pan evaporation technique [I0 (kpc:0), I0.25 (kpc:0.25), I0.50 (kpc:0.50), I0.75(kpc:0.75), I1.00 (kpc:1.00) and...
November 2012
Phytoplankton yield changes after enrichment in microcosm experiments: Applications for predicting progressive eutrophication in a mesotrophic lake, South Africa
Established microcosms containing surface water from the mesotrophic Lake Mokolo were subjected to enrichment of different concentrations with phosphorus. The microcosms were sampled through a 20 day succession period to determine the net effects of increased concentrations of phosphorus in the water column on the phytoplankton community structure during the winter and summer seasons. A significant increase...
November 2012
Antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita against selected food spoiling bacteria
Leaf and stem extracts of Mentha piperita plant were tested against four bacterial isolates namely: Bacillus sp. (S1), Bacillus sp. (S2), Bacillus halmapalus andStreptomyces sodiphilus, isolated from commercial Spirulina products. The extraction was carried out with solvents such as petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and ethanol. Antibacterial assay revealed...
November 2012
Repressive efficacy of lactic acid bacteria against the human pathogenic and fish-borne spoilage microbiota of fresh Indian mackerel fish chunks
Different strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) namely Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2287, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIM 2085, Lactobacillus helveticus NCIM 2126 andLactococcus lactis NCIM 2114 were procured from the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Pune, India. These LAB cells were individually (107 cfu/ml) sprayed using a sterile syringe on the...
November 2012
Hepatoprotective effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats
The hepatoprotective effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) extract against liver fibrosis-induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was studied in rats. Rats were allocated into five groups: Group I (control group); Group II [CCl4 group; rats were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.w.) twice weekly for 4 weeks (phenobarbital, 350 mg/L, was added to the drinking water throughout the experiment)];...
November 2012
Effect of auxin treatments on male and female cuttings of Hippophae salicifolia
Hippophae salicifolia (Seabuckthorn) is one of the potential multipurpose underutilised plant species having huge multipurpose benefits including economic and ecological. Effect of different concentrated doses of auxins, on rooting percentage, number of root per rooted cuttings and root length of male and female stem cuttings was examined under open field condition. Results show that the...
November 2012
Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Protea madiensis Oliv leaf extract in rats
Protea madiensis Oliv. is a flowering shrub which grows in south eastern Nigeria. Liquids extracted from its leaves are applied on wounds to promote healing. To investigate the effect of P. madiensis on wound healing, its methanol extract was applied topically on excision wounds daily. During the experimental period, the rate of contraction, epithelialisation and histology of the wounds were...
November 2012
Isolation and open reading frame 5 gene analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Yunnan Province, China
Two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), respectively named YN-1 and YN-2 strains, were isolated by inoculation into Marc-145 cell. The two isolated strains induce Marc-145 cell stack together, pull net, form plaque and other typical lesions after 4 blind passages. With extracted viral RNA of fourth generation, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR based on open reading frame 5...
November 2012
Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from dairy cows in China
Eleven thousand five hundred and eighty non-blood samples from dairy cows were subjected to mycobacterium culture and genotyping. As a result, a total of 142 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MBTC) were identified. Among them, 65 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while 77 Mycobacterium bovis. The genotype ofM. tuberculosis strains was mainly Beijing family. In...
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