June 2012
Updates on microbial resistance to drugs
The treatment of bacterial infections and other microbial infections is increasingly complicated by the ability of bacteria and other microbes to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents or chemotherapeutic agents had been attributed to their ability to bypass or overcome the various mechanisms by which the said antimicrobial agents exhibit their activities against them....
June 2012
The use of probiotics in aquatic organisms: A review
The production of aquatic organisms for human consumption has been decreasing while its demand has increased. The decline of fish products from fisheries has been in part compensated by the aquaculture industry. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, growth performance and lower production costs of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. Different products have been...
June 2012
Analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)
Danshen is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in China. In recent years, people become increasingly aware of the value of Danshen, which is attracting global attention. Modern researches indicate that phenolic acids and tanshinones are the main chemical components related to the bioactivities and pharmacological properties of Danshen. Because of the diversity of the chemical structures and...
June 2012
Effect of combinative administration of bacteriocin-producing and probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 and sage plant extract on rabbits
In this research, the effects of Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 and sage plant extract on rabbits were studied. Three experimental groups EG1, EG2, EG3 (each group comprise 24 rabbits aged 35 days) and one control (CG) group were used for the study. The rabbits in EG1 received strain CCM 4231 (109 cfu/animal/day into water); in EG2, sage was applied (dose 10 µl/animal/day) into water; the...
June 2012
Hygienic condition of multipurpose solutions for soft contact lenses among Saudi Arabian university students
The use of multipurpose solutions for cleaning and disinfecting soft contact lenses has replaced single purpose solutions. University students in the different Saudi Arabian Universities are permanent customers of the contact lenses wearers. However, the practice of misuse and carelessness in following contact lenses manufacturer instructions is very evident. This study investigated the hygienic condition of two...
June 2012
Biopotential of some Trichoderma spp. against cotton root rot pathogens and profiles of some of their metabolites
The antagonistic activity of five selected isolates of Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma harzianum CCM340, Trichoderma koningii CCM341, Trichoderma longibranchiatumNRRL11236, Trichoderma viride DSM63065 and Trichoderma viride) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agents of root rot of cotton plants grown in saline and...
June 2012
Influence of ciprofloxacin on glioma cell line GL26: A new application for an old antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin HCL is a fluoroqinolone antibiotic, effective against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, used mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections, pulmonary tract, prostate gland, bone and bone marrow infections. Ciprofloxacin is also known for its in vitro anticancer properties. Several reports describe anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects, apoptotic activity and...
June 2012
Identification of microbial diversity in caecal content of broiler chicken
The intestinal microbiota plays a major role in growth as well as maintenance of the health of animals. Traditionally, the microorganisms present in the intestine of animals were identified by bacteriological culture methods. In this study, the microbial community of caecal content of chicken was identified by sequencing genomic material directly from the caecum.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted directly...
June 2012
Microbial quality of some non-sterile pharmaceutical products sourced from some retail pharmacies in Lagos, Nigeria
Eight drugs on sale in five community pharmacies in parts of Lagos State were evaluated for microbial quality using standard procedures. A total of 40 samples were screened and 24 bacteria isolates, comprising 12 cocci and 12 bacilli were isolated. The cocci comprise 9 staphylococci and 3 micrococci while...
June 2012
Molecular detection of adhesins genes and biofilm formation in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a major cause of nosocomial infections in hospitals. In this study, 41 S. aureus have been isolated from the nasal cavity of children in Libya. Congo red agar assay (CRA), semi quantitative adherence assay and microbial adhesion to solvent (MATS) test were used to study qualitative and quantitative biofilm formation of the isolated strains. Molecular detection...
June 2012
Amylase production by moderately halophilic Bacillus cereus in solid state fermentation
The production of extracellular amylase by the moderately halophilic bacterium Bacillus cereus was studied in solid state fermentation (SSF). Solid substrates such as rice bran, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, black gram husk and green gram husk were studied for enzyme production. Growth on...
June 2012
Networking clusters and sequence characteristics of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) direct repeats and their evolutionary comparison with cas1 genes in lactic acid bacteria
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) widely spread in Archaea and bacteria are an acquired immunity system, which resisted on the infection of exogenous chromosome according to a mechanism similar to RNA interference. In this study, evolutionary origin and sequence feature of totally 211 CRISPRs in 192 of 588 lactic acid bacteria genomes covered 18 genera of 5 phyla were employed, and...
June 2012
Intestinal phytase activity in chickens (Gallus Domesticus)
The objective of the study was to adapt an assay and determine the effect of innate and dietary factors on intestinal phytase activity (IPA). The release of phosphorus, when an extract of intestinal mucosa was incubated with phytate as substrate, was used to measure phytase activity. Maximum IPA was detected between pH 5.6 and 6.2, and it was very low and non-detectable at pH 7.0-7.4. Activity was dependent on the...
June 2012
Effect of Paraquat on growth of diazotrophic strain Stenotrophomonas maltophila in flooded soil
A laboratory study was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia to determine the effect of commonly used herbicide Paraquat (full dose, half dose and double of the full dose) on growth of locally isolated diazotroph, Stenotrophomonas maltophila (Sb16), its nitrogen fixation and indoleacetic acid production in flooded soil. Recommended dose of Paraquat showed no significant effect on Sb16 population, nitrogen...
June 2012
Repellent and fumigant activity of Alpinia officinarum rhizome extract against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
The plant extract was prepared by Soxhlet method with anhydrous diethyl ether from Alpinia officinarum rhizome, a traditional Chinese herbal plant, and its repellent and fumigant activity was investigated against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. The A. officinarumrhizome extract had potent repellent activity against T. castaneum adults with over 80% repellency values at the...
June 2012
Immunization against bovine dermatophytosis with live Trichophyton verrucosum
Dermatophytosis is an infection of the superficial, keratinized structures of the skin and hair of animals and humans. Trichophyton verrucosum is one of the main fungi that can cause dermatophytosis. In this study, we evaluated efficacy of immunization from live T. verrucosum vaccine against bovine dermatophytosis. 25 female calves without the incidence of trichopytosis were divided into two groups...
June 2012
Effects of diameter at breast height (dbh), oviposition place and orient on number of egg masses gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)
The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is one of the most important pests in Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of diameter at breast height (dbh), oviposition place and oviposition orient on number of egg masses gypsy moth. Sampling was carried out in Golestan State region, during 2008. Data and means were compared using...
June 2012
Isolation and identification of swainsonine-producing fungi found in locoweeds and their rhizosphere soil
This study concerns isolation and identification of fungal on swainsonine-producing from locoweeds and rhizosphere soil in western China. Five locoweed populations from various sites were assessed for fungi in inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai and Ningxia Province. Fungus were isolated from all parts and rhizosphere soil samples of five locoweeds Astragalus variabilis, Oxytropis...
June 2012
Identification of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from duck and virulence genes detection
Bacteria from 30 duck liver samples were characterized using VITEK System. Two strains showed 99% similarity to Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda). A set of seven virulence genes viz.citC (citrate lyaseligase), fimA (fimbrial operon), gadB (glutamate decarboxylase), katB(catalase), mukF (putative killing factor), esrB (TTSS regulator) and gyrB (ATPase...
June 2012
Anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of micro-organisms associated with urinary tract infections in a tertiary health institution in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
In order to assess the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 634 midstream urine samples from patients at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria were analysed. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and CLED agar. Standard techniques were used for identification of micro-organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for...
June 2012
Infection and establishment of Ascochyta anemones in leaves of windflower
Leaf spot, caused by Ascochyta anemones, is one of the major diseases of windflower in China. Histological studies of the artificially inoculated leaf tissues with A. anemonesconidia were observed by light and electron microscopy to elucidate the host-pathogen interaction. Conidial germination and germ tube formation began after 4 h of inoculation. Each conidium produced one germ tube which penetrated the...
June 2012
Early warning CUSUM plans for surveillance of infectious diseases in Wuhan, China
This study is in order to explore the effect of cumulative sum (CUSUM) in the early warning of infectious diseases. The infection percentile of chickenpox in 2005 to 2009 was set as baseline. Using CUSUM for the early warning of chickenpox infection in 2010, the CUSUM parameter was determined in Wuhan City. CUSUM showed high specificity for the warning of a special time point; its low sensitivity can be compensated by...
June 2012
An evaluation of the bacterial diversity at Tshipise, Mphephu and Sagole hot water springs, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Tshipise, Mphephu and Sagole are thermal hot water springs in the Limpopo Province of South Africa with temperatures of 58, 43 and 45°C; and pH of 8.85, 8.08 and 9.70, respectively. The bacterial diversity of the hot water springs was determined by pyrosequencing of the two 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V1-3 and V4-7. Analyses of the community DNA revealed that bacterial populations as detectable by the V1-3...
June 2012
Isolation and sequencing of the HMG domains of fifteen Sox genes from Hyla sanchiangensis, and analysis of the evolutionary behaviors of Sox duplicated copies based on bioinformatics
Sox gene is a large gene family which encodes transcription factors and contains a HMG box that is responsible for a variety of developmental processes. In the present study, we obtained fifteen clones representing Sox gene HMG-boxes from male and female Hyla sanchiangensis, distributed as Sox1, Sox2, Sox3, Sox4, Sox11, and Sox33. The sequences analysis indicated that Sox1 and Sox4 have two duplicated copies,...
June 2012
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Multiple sclerosis (MS) in South-east of Iran
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are one of the most common, well-known pathogenic agents in the development of peptic ulcers. Some investigators have shown a relationship betweenH. pylori and Multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this relationship is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the association between H. pylori infection and MS. In a prospective case-control study, we studied 78...
June 2012
The frequency of Escherichia coli (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC and serotypes) shigella, rotavirus and parasite agents among children with acute gastroenteritis in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey
This study analyzed a host of parasite agents and bacterial viruses in 1,079 children aged 0 to 5 years suffering from diarrhea between 2004 and 2008. Enteric pathogens were detected in 767 (71%) infected patients and 456 control patients. Enteric pathogens were isolated from 41 (8.9%) of the infected patients. Isolated pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis were as follows: Rotavirus 282 (26.1%), Shigella 19 (1.7%),...
June 2012
Partial purification and characterization of xylanases from Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus phoenicis
The aim of this study is to partially purify and characterize xylanases from two spoilage fungiAspergillus awamori and Aspergillus phoenicis. Chromatography of xylanases from A. awamori and A. phoenicis on DEAE-Sepharose separated three (XynI, XynII and XynIII) and two (XynI and XynII) isoenzymes, respectively. Different relative activities percentage were delectated for A....
June 2012
Prevalence of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the Hospital of the medical University of Bushehr in Iran
Staphylococcus aureus is Gram positive cocci which causes different infections, some of these strains are resistant to Methicillin (MRSA) and can be found in hospitals. S. aureus is one cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to find MRSA and Vancomycin resistant S....
June 2012
Antimicrobial effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils against Staphylococcus spp
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive, non-motile, catalase and coagulase positive, facultative anaerobe coccus is a common type of bacteria that normally lives on the skin and nasal passages of healthy people. Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the...
June 2012
First report of clinical linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii mediated by the cfr gene
cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene, initially associated with chloramphenicol resistance, represents an additionally natural linezolid resistance mechanism, which could be transmitted between species. Coagulase-negative staphylococci may be a reservoir ofcfr gene and cfr-carrying isolates may become a serious threat to several potent Gram-positive-active agents. We isolated two...
June 2012
Chemical properties of the medicinal herb Kaff Maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica L.) and its relation to folk medicine use
Kaff Maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica L.) is believed to be very useful in Arab countries for treating various health disorders. The present research highlights the chemical composition and properties of A. hierochuntica L. that may be related to its beneficial effect. Eight minerals (Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn), the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and free radical-scavenging...
June 2012
Carbon footprint and economic sustainability of pearl millet-mustard system under different tillage and nutrient management practices in moisture stress conditions
Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) – mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important cropping system of limited water and marginal land areas grown under improper crop establishment and imbalanced fertilization. Conservation tillage with integrated nutrient management (INM) has potential to improve productivity, maintain soil health and economic sustainability. In present study the response of different...
June 2012
Growth characteristics and nutrient removal properties of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 under different kinds of nitrogen sources
Microalgae are promising candidates for the nutrient removal in tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater. In this study, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of five different kinds of nitrogen sources (NaNO3, urea, NaNO2, NH4Cl and glycine) on the growth characteristics and nutrient removal properties of a freshwater cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Among the nitrogen...
June 2012
Survey of the presence of Lactobacillus plantarum in the fermented maize dough hydrolysate used in the technology of the improvement of lanhouin
Research works are currently going on to find out the real existence of Lactobacillus plantarum in the fermented maize dough hydrolysate and in other fermented maize products in West Africa sub region. This work aims to search for the presence of lactic acid bacteria in general and of the L. plantarum in particular, in fermented maize dough hydrolysate produced in Benin by the fermentation of the...
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