February 2011
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract ameliorates metalaxyl fungicide induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice
The present work studied the effect of metalaxyl on the structure and function of the kidney of albino mice. The work extends to study the possible role played by the aqueous extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in minimizing the toxicity of metalaxyl. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: given metalaxyl at a dose level of 1/10 LD50 for 4 weeks, Group 2: given metalaxyl and ginger, Group...
February 2011
Evaluation of antihistaminic activity of Piper betel leaf in guinea pig
Piper betel Linn. leaves were evaluated for its antihistaminic activity, commonly known as Pan, Vidyache Pan or Tamboli. P. betel has a long history of use in India being applied in multiple therapeutic activities like antibacterial, treating eczema, lymphangitis, asthma, treating rheumatism. So selected, the plant P. betel is effective in histaminic activity related...
February 2011
Assessment of antibiotics production potentials in four actinomycetes isolated from aquatic environments of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Crude extracts of four actinomycetes species belonging to Actinoplane [NB 034],Streptomyces [TR 007] and Actinopolyspora [NB 069 and TR 008] genera were screened for antibacterial activities against a wide range of bacterial strains. The extracts showed antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging between 2 and 27 mm...
February 2011
Effect of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito leaves on the glycaemia of diabetic rabbits
Chrysophyllum cainito is a plant recognized by the traditional healers of Aboudé-Mandéké, a village in the Department of Agboville (Côte-d’Ivoire), as having antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate, experimentally, the effect of an aqueous decoction of the plant’s leaves that we called C. cainito, on rabbits induced with alloxane, a diabetogenic...
February 2011
Evaluation of extracts of Triclisia suboardata Oliv and Heinsia crinita (Afz) G. Taylor for antimicrobial activity against some clinical bacterial isolates and fungi
We report antimicrobial potential of extracts of roots of Triclisia subcordata and whole plant of Heinsia crinita used as components of various herbal portions in ethnomedine in South West Nigeria to treat acute urinogenital infections and infertility. Methanol and hexane extracts of each plant were obtained by maceration and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion and microbroth...
February 2011
Wound healing potential of the ethanolic extracts of Bidens pilosa and Ocimum suave
The ethanolic extracts of Bidens pilosa and Ocimum suave were evaluated for their wound healing potential on excision wound models in Wistar albino rats. A total of nine (n=9) rats per group were used to assess the wound healing potential of the extracts. There were four groups of animals treated topically twice a day with either of the following: O. suave, B. pilosa, neomycin sulfate or...
February 2011
Assessing estrogenic activity of Nigella sativa in ovariectomized rats using vaginal cornification assay
The aim of this study was to determine the estrogenic activity of Nigella sativa (NS) by vaginal cornification assay using an ovariectomized rat model. Forty ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats, weighting 250 to 350 g were used in the study. N. sativa powders were administered to ovariectomized rats for 21 consecutive days at dosages of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg respectively, and were...
February 2011
Development and validation of stability indicating assay method of cetirizine hydrochloride by HPLC
A new simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ) in tablets using CLC-ODS reverse phase column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). Salicylic acid was used as internal standard. A mixture of methanol and water of 70:30 with pH 4 (adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) was used as mobile phase. The eluents were detected at 231 nm. The...
February 2011
Effects of leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica L. on haematological and weight parameters of Wistar rats
The effect of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica administered at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days was investigated on haematology and weight parameters of Wistar rats. The extracts at all doses had no significant effect on the red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), parked cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular...
February 2011
Gastroprotective effects of Stachys Lavandulifolia extract on experimental gastric ulcer
Several studies have used Stachys Lavandulifolia vahl (S. lavandulifolia) as medicinal plant in Iranian folk medicine. The present investigation is designed to elucidatetherapeutic and preventive effects of S. lavandulifolia extract on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in experimental gastric ulcer. Thirty two Wistar male rats were used to study therapeutic and preventive effects...
February 2011
Protective effects of calpeptin on rat hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation
The present study investigated the protective effects of calpeptin on rat hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Forty SD rat hippocampal slices were randomly assigned into control group and calpeptin group. According to the calpeptin concentration of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, the calpeptin group was subdivided into 1, 10, 100 and 200 μmol/ l group (n = 8 per group). Extracellular...
February 2011
Tribulus teresstris modulates heat shock protein and key anti-apoptotic proteins in the Langendorff model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury
The cardioprotective effects of Tribulus teresstris (Tt), a medicinal herb, used in Indian system of medicine was evaluated in the Langendorff model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) injury. Tt (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) was orally fed to healthy experimental rats once a day for 21 days followed by global ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochemical parameters: lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric...
February 2011
Hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina platensis in rats administered mercuric chloride
In the present study Spirulina platensis has been investigated as a possible modifier of mercury induced hepatic damages and alteration of lipid profile in albino rats. The results revealed that the rats treated with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) showed a significant increase in levels of blood hydroperoxide, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total...
February 2011
Isolation and cytotoxicity of triterpenes from the roots of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
The dried powdered roots of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH). The extracts were tested for cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung) and DU-145 (prostate). The DCM extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxic activity compared with...
February 2011
Analgesic activity of angiotensin antagonists
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARAs) are widely used compounds in various cardiovascular disorders like Hypertension, Stroke prophylaxis, Heart failure. In addition, they are approved for the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. It is reported to produce analgesia on intracerebro-ventricular administration that could be blocked by naloxone. Angiotensin II has been reported for its pro-nociceptive activity. Angiotensin...
February 2011
Cytotoxic evaluation of fluvastatin and rosuvastatin and effect of fluvastatin in the hela cell cycle
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, were originally designed to reduce cholesterol biosynthesis and have been extensively used as prevention drugs against hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular conditions. Recently, these compounds have been shown to display chemopreventive activity against cancer. However, the effects of statins on cancer are not completely understood. For this reason, we...
February 2011
Evaluation of various functional skin parameters using a topical cream of Calendula officinalis extract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of newly formulated W/O emulsion (cream) of Calendula versus its vehicle (base) as control on skin pH, skin melanin, skin erythema, skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).Hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula plant was entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of the W/O emulsion. Base without active and formulation having 3%...
February 2011
A novel validated RP-HPLC method development for the estimation of rimonabant hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms
A novel, simple and economic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of rimonabant hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms with greater precision and accuracy. Separation was achieved on C18 column (250X4.6mm i.d., 5µm) in isocratic mode using methanol and water in the ratio 90:10 (v/v) as mobile phase, pumped in to the column at flow...
February 2011
Effect of roasting, boiling and microwaving cooking methods on Enrofloxacin residues in edible tissues of broiler
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes like boiling, roasting and microwaving on Enrofloxacin residues in chicken muscle, liver and gizzard tissues of broiler chickens. Each of the chicks was fed by water and food with 0.05% of Enrofloxacin in their drinking water for 5 consecutive days. Then, three locations were sampled aseptically from each carcasses: breast muscle;...
February 2011
A survey of problem-based learning and traditional methods of teaching anatomy to 200 level pharmacy students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
The introduction of the problem-based learning (PBL) may be a very uncomfortable problem for the students originally exposed to the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Our medical and pharmaceutical curriculum is yet to adopt this new method of learning and as such this study looks forward to exposing some aspects of the traditional style as well as introducing to the students the new method using PBL. It...
February 2011
Andrographolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells
Andrographolide (AGP), the major phytoconstituent isolated from Andrographis paniculata was found to exhibit growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against the hormone-independent (PC-3 and DU-145) and hormone-dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell lines via the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Due to its greater cytotoxic potency and selectivity towards PC-3 cells, flow cytometry was used to...
February 2011
L-Arginine abolishes the anxiolytic-like effect of withaferin A in the elevated plus-maze test in rats
The involvement of nitrergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of withaferin A in rats was studied in the elevated plus-maze, open-field and rotarod tests. Administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), assumed to increase the synthesis of NO, abolished the anxiolytic-like effect of withaferin A (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in the elevated plus-maze, whereas the inactive enantiomer D-arginine...
February 2011
Effect of camel milk on collagen abnormalities in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, leading to chemical modification and cross-linking are of importance in the pathology of diabetic complications. In our early reported we showed that, camel milk possesses antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and exhibit beneficial role on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin-diabetic rats after 45 days of treatment of camel milk at the optimum dose of 250 ml/day. In the present...
February 2011
Rapid and simultaneous determination of aspirin and dipyridamole in pharmaceutical formulations by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method
The combination of Dipyridamole and Aspirin and is widely used to reduce thrombosis in patients with thrombotic diseases. A rapid, simple, precise and cost effective andreversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Aspirin and Dipyridamole in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation of both Aspirin and Dipyridamole was...
February 2011
Antitumor, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of Aster thomsonii extracts
The present investigation deals with biological evaluation of Aster thomsonii. For this purpose, different biological assays of crude methanolic extract (CME) and its fractions that is n-Hexane fraction (NHF) and aqueous fraction (AQF) were carried out. The results of AQF showed maximum brine shrimp cytotoxic activity with ED50 values of 154.69 µg/ml, while the NHF showed significant potato disc...
February 2011
Clinical manifestation, effects, diagnosis, monitoring of carbon monoxide poisoning and toxicity
Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter with insufficient oxygen supply to enable complete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2) and is often produced in domestic or industrial settings. In this study the clinical manifestation, effects, diagnosis and toxicity of carbon monoxide poisoning were reviewed. Research suggests that the intracellular uptake of carbon monoxide is an important...
February 2011
Maternal age as a risk factor for pregnancy outcomes: Maternal, fetal and neonatal complication
It has been widely documented that maternal age in pregnancy are increasing in the world. Nowadays many women delay their pregnancy even up to their 40th decades of their life because of different reasons such as occupational, educational and economical reasons. Therefore, protecting the mother and infant`s health needs complete awareness of pregnancy outcomes in these ages for the midwives and the...
February 2011
Analysis of outpatient prescription indicators and trends in Chinese Jingzhou area between September 1 and 10, 2006-2009
By analyzing outpatient prescribing indicators and prescribing trends, to investigate the effect of academic and administrative intervention. According to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria the retrospective method was used. We sampled from daily prescriptions, computed the daily prescribing indicator and compared the mean of ten days. We sampled 1180 from 36581 prescriptions; percentage of drugs prescribed by...
February 2011
Anabolic steroids impact in self-efficacy of basketball and football adolescents players
The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of anabolic steroids on the self-efficacy of basketball and football adolescent players. In order to discover that, a survey has been conducted in Madrid, Spain, with a sample of 216 football and basketball players (60.19% males and 39.81% females) with a mean age of 16.2. The questionnaire had five simple questions, and the results show that even without...
February 2011
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity from basidiocarp extracts of the edible mushroom Lactarius indigo (Schw.) Fr. (Russulaceae)
Aqueous and organic basidiocarp extracts of the edible mushroom Lactarius indigo were evaluated for their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. 10, 20 and 30 mg of organic extracts were tested against diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains (EIEC, EPEC, ETEC-LT and ETEC-ST), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. 10 mg...
February 2011
An ethnobotanical survey of herbal male contraceptives used in south- west Nigeria
This survey was carried out in targeted areas of south-western Nigeria to ascertain the patronage of traditional healers for non orthodox contraceptives by males and to take an inventory of plants used for such purposes. Males in south-western Nigeria rarely but do consult traditional healers for herbal contraceptives. The common methods of application include oral decoction, dried powder applied to skin incisions and...
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