ACCCA (Advancing Capacity to Support Climate Change) (2010). Farm level climate change perception and adaptation in drought prone areas of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Improving decision making capacity of smallholder farmers in response to climate risk adaptation in three drought prone districts of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, Vol. 3.

Adesina AA, Baidu J (1995). Farmers' perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: evidence from analysis in Burkina Faso and Guinea, West Africa. Agric. Econ. 13:1-9.
Crossref

Asfaw A, Admassie A (2004). The role of education on the adoption of chemical fertilizer under different socioeconomic environments in Ethiopia. Agric. Econ. 30:21-22.
Crossref

Asfaw S, Shiferaw B, Simtowe F, Haile MG (2011). Agricultural technology adoption, seed access constraints and commercialization in Ethiopia. J. Dev. Agric. Econ. 3(9):436-447.

Ayalew D, Tesfaye K, Mamo G, Yitaferu B, Bayu W (2012). Variability of rainfall and its current trend in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7(10)1475-1486.

Bewket W, Conway D (2007). A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought prone Amhara region of Ethiopia. Int. J. Climatol. 27:1467-1477.
Crossref

BOARD (Bureau of Agricultural and rural Development) (2009). Annual report. Dire Dawa.

Bryan E, Deressa TT, Gbetibouo GA, Ringler C (2009). Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Environ. Sci. Policy 12:413-426.
Crossref

CIMMYT (1998). The adoption of agricultural technology: A Guide for Survey Design. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF.

Conley T, Udry C (2001). Social learning through networks: The adoption of new agricultural technologies in Ghana. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 83:668-673.
Crossref

Conway D (2000). Some aspects of climate variability in the northeast Ethiopian highlands-Wollo and Tigray. SINET: Ethiop. J. Sci. 23(2):139-161.

Conway D, Schipper ELF (2011). Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia. Global Environ. Change 21:227-237.
Crossref

Croppenstedt A, Demeke M, Meschi MM (2003). Technology adoption in the presence of constraints: the case of fertilizer demand in Ethiopia. Dev. Econ. 7(1):58-70.
Crossref

CSA (Central Statistics Authority) (2007). The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Statistical abstract for 2003. CSA, Addis Ababa.

Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C (2008). Measuring Ethiopian farmers' vulnerability to climate change across Regional States. IFPRI discussion paper 00806, October 2008.

Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C (2011). Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia. J. Agric. Sci. 149(1):23-31.
Crossref

Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C, Alemu T, Yusuf M (2009).Determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Global Environ. Change 19(2)248-255.
Crossref

Falco SD, Yesuf M, Kohlin G (2011). What adaptation to climate change? Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia. In: International conference on economics of adaptation to climate change in Low-Income countries. Ethiopian Development Research Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.

Fosu-Mensah BY, Vlek PL, MacCarthy DS (2012). Farmers' perception and adaptation to climate change: a case study of Sekyedumase district in Ghana. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 14(4):495-505.
Crossref

Gbetibouo GA (2009). Understanding farmers' perceptions and adaptations to climate change and variability: The Case of the Limpopo Basin, South Africa (Trans: Division EaPT). IFPRI–wide Discussion Paper. International Food Policy Research Institute, South Africa.

Gujarati DN (1995). Basic econometrics. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hall, Inc. 534p.

Hassan R, Nhemachena C (2008). Determinants of African farmers' strategies for adapting to climate change: Multinomial choice analysis. Afr. J. Agric. 2(1):84-104.

IDP (Integrated Development Plan) (2006). Annual report. Dire Dawa.

ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) (2006). Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Int. Livest. Res. Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007). Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK. Reisinger A (eds.). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 104p.

Ishaya S, Abaje IB (2008). Indigenous people's perception on climate change and adaptation strategies in Jema'a local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. J. Geogr. Regional Plann. 1(8):138-143.

Komba C, Muchapondwa E (2012). Adaptation to climate change by smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Econ. Res. Southern Afr. (ERSA) working paper 299:5.

Lautze S, Aklilu Y, Raven-Roberts A, Young H, Kebede G, Leaning J (2003). Risk and vulnerability in Ethiopia: Learning from the past, responding to the present. Preparing for the future, Addis Ababa.

Legesse B, Ayele Y, Bewket W (2013). Smallholder farmers' perceptions and adaptation to climate variability and climate change in Doba district, west Hararghe, Ethiopia. Asian J. Empirical Res. 3(3)251-265.

Lema M, Majule AA (2009). Impacts of climate change, variability and adaptation strategies on agriculture in semi arid areas of Tanzania: The case of Manyoni district in Singida region, Tanzania. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3(8):206-218.

Long JS, Freese J (2001). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. A Stata Press Publication, STATA Corporation, College Station, Texas

Maddison D (2006). The perception and adaptation to climate change in Africa. CEEPA Discussion Paper No. 10, Centre Environ. Econ. Policy Afr. University of Pretoria.

Maddison D (2007). The perception of an adaptation to climate change in Africa. Policy research working paper. The World Bank, Dev. Res. Group, Sustain. Rural Urban Dev. Team, Pretoria, South Africa.
Crossref

Mengistu DK (2011). Farmers' perception and knowledge of climate change and their coping strategies to the related hazards: Case study from Adiha, central Tigray, Ethiopia. Agric. Sci. 2(2):138-145.
Crossref

Mulatu ND (2013). Determinants of farmers' preference for adaptation strategies to climate change: evidence from north Shoa zone of Amhara region Ethiopia. MPRA (Munich Personal RePEc Archive) Paper No. (48753)

Mutekwa VT (2009). Climate change impacts and adaptation in the agricultural sector: the case of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. J. Sustain. Dev. Afr. 2(11):237-257.

Ndambiri HK, Ritho CN, Mbogoh SG (2013). An evaluation of farmers' perceptions and adaptation to the effects of climate change in Kenya. Int. J. Food Agric. Econ. 1(1):75-96.Nhemachena C, Hassan R (2007). Micro level analysis of farmers' adaptation to climate change in Southern Africa. IFPRI Discussion Paper 00714 August 2007.

Oxfam (2010). The rain doesn't come on time any more: poverty, vulnerability and climate variability in Ethiopia. Edossa R, Givey SC, Castillo GE. 45p.

Sahu NC, Mishra D (2013). Analysis of perception and adaptability strategies of the farmers to climate change in Odisha, India. Apcbee Procedia 5:123-127.
Crossref

Seleshi Y, Zanke U (2004). Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia. Int. J. Climatol. 2(4):973-983.
Crossref

Smith B, Pilifosova O (2001). Adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity. Contribution of the Working Group to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 879-912.

Strzepek K, Mccluskey A (2006). District level hydro-climatic time series and scenario analysis to assess the impacts of climate change on regional water resources and agriculture in Africa. CEEPA Discussion Paper No. 13, Pretoria, South Africa.

Taddesse T (2011). Farmers' perception and adaptation mechanisms to climate change and variability: the case of La'ilay Maichew woreda, central Tigray, Ethiopia. An MSc Thesis Presented to the School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University.

Tadege A (2007). Climate Change National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia. NMS (National Meteorological Agency), Addis Ababa Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Addis Ababa.

Teka K, Van RA, Poesen J, Welday Y, Deckers J (2012). Impact of climate change on small holder farming: A case of eastern Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 20(2):337-347.

Tessema YA, Aweke CS, Endris GS (2013). Understanding the process of adaptation to climate change by small-holder farmers: the case of east Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Agric. Food Econ. 1:13.
Crossref

Tesso G, Emana B, Ketema M (2012). Econometric analysis of local level perception, adaptation and coping strategies to climate change induced shocks in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci. 2(8):347-363.

Wilson K, Getnet M (2011). Investigating how development interventions increase community level adaptive capacity in Ethiopia. In the New Voices, Different Perspectives: Proceedings of the Africa Adapt Climate Change Symposium 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Yirga CT (2007). The dynamics of soil degradation and incentives for optimal management in Central Highlands of Ethiopia. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.