The use of local knowledge in agricultural extension: a systematic review of the literature
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Smallholder farms are complex systems, constantly adapting to context and rely on local, place-based knowledges. The vital role of local knowledge in smallholder farming systems has seen attempts throughout low- and middle-income countries to entwine local knowledge with scientific knowledge to improve outcomes from agricultural extension. Using a systematic review and exploratory meta-synthesis of selected literature this...
Substantial Factors Influencing the Performance of Rice farmers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania.
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Crops production subsector depends on various factors including natural factors as well as non-natural factors. Meanwhile, in vast areas of Tanzania including the Mbeya Region rice farmers struggle to make their living through rice farming regardless of various challenges with which the subsector is crumbled. This study aimed at assessing the factors influencing the performance of rice farming in the Mbeya Region of...
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Agricultural extension is now backing on the development agenda. The acknowledged failure of the traditional extension model in India has stimulated debate on extension reforms and the introduction of new extension models. Further, Indian agriculture has recorded an alarming ‘knowledge gap’ where ‘knowledge’ became central to agricultural production. The role of extension functionaries today is more challenging and demands...
Trends Of Mushrooms Trade In Ethiopia
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Information on the trends of mushrooms trade in Ethiopia using long-term data is lacking, and such analyses are important for marketing, and policy formulation purposes. The objectives of this study paper are to evaluate the trends of mushrooms export and import in Ethiopia. To achieve the objectives long term data of the imported and exported mushrooms, in the years of 1997 – 2020, were used. Descriptive and inferential...
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Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L) is the major food and cash crop for many rural and semi-urban people in Kenya. It contributes to the national food security, nutrition, and income generation for those who are involved in its value chain. Despite its importance, smallholder potato farmers in Molo Sub-County are still recording low potato yields which could partly be attributed to the low adoption of Good Agricultural Practices...
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This survey study examines the effectiveness of a Rural Enterprise Programme in improving the livelihood of rural women in Ghana, using ex-anti and ex-post income determinants of the programme. Some 217 beneficiary women drawn from farm-based, agro-processing, traditional craft, agro industrial and petty trading economic sub-sectors selected to participate in the survey using snow-ball sampling method. Using...
Socio-Economic factors influencing income from maize production in Kiryandongo district, Uganda
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Many smallholder farmers produce maize for both consumption and income purposes. Despite the role played by maize, its income is low especially in the developing countries. In order to increase its farm income, it was necessary to have the knowledge on the factors influencing income from maize production. This study therefore determined the socio-economic factors influencing income from maize production. Data were...
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This study looked at crop-producing households' technical efficiency and the implications of rural-to-urban migration on it in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia. The data were obtained from 384 randomly selected rural households and analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier and Propensity Score Matching Models. According to the findings, non-migrant households, migrant-sending households, and whole samples had mean technical...
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Global Good Agricultural Practices (GLOBALGAP) are a set of guidelines on food safety and quality, environmental practices, farm workers safety and health-care practices that farmers who produce fruits and vegetables for export to western countries are supposed to comply with. Studies have not been conducted to investigate how these guidelines resonate with the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder farmers yet these...
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Agricultural extension is the medium through which external agricultural technologies have been transferred to and transplanted in Africa to improve agricultural performance. Over a period of close to a century, different agricultural extension models have been proposed but their structure and content has virtually been the same - top-down, linear, non-participatory transfer of technology with no feedback loops for reverse...
Maize Production and Food Security in Garu District of Upper East region, Ghana
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Agriculture is the dominant occupation in the Garu district that employs over 95 percent of households. However, yields of maize in the district are perpetually low. This might be due to intermittent drought (erratic rainfall pattern), low soil fertility, invasion of diseases and pests, inadequate technical know-how, inadequate credit facilities to expand production and the use of inappropriate farming practices and...
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Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops in both space and time. The study was done during the main rainy season of 2019 in the Adola Rede and Odo Shakiso districts of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study’s objectives included evaluating yield output and cost-benefit ratio of maize-haricot bean intercropping practices under farmers’ condition and assessing farmers’ and others stakeholders’...
Youth and Agriculture in the Rural Ethiopia: Challenges and prospects in Focus.
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The study set out to understand the challenges and prospects of the youth who engaged in agriculture in the rural Ethiopia. The study also tried to understand the socio-economic conditions of youth, youths’ perception of agriculture, and pull and push factors to and away from agriculture. To this end, a qualitative research approach was employed to collect and analyze data relevant to meet the study objectives. In-depth...
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In spite of several strategies implemented to improve sorghum production in Ghana, average grain yield in farmers’ fields remains low and far below the estimated potential. The development of effective strategies requires continuous, in-depth understanding of production constraints as well as farmer preferences for crop traits. To this end, a participatory rural appraisal using focus group discussions, interviews with...
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In Uganda, control of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) largely depends on the use of chemicals applied using different methods. This cross-sectional study assessed 17 factors to determine the effectiveness and limitations in the use of the recently adopted acaricide application methods on dairy cattle farms in south-western Uganda. The average annual morbidity and mortality due to tick-borne diseases were 42.6% and...
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Commercialization of research technologies and innovations by Research Institutes is being intensified due to declining government funding for research and dwindling donor inflows. Lack of quality planting materials continues to be a major challenge in the production of plantains. CSIR-Crops Research Institute signed a three-year contract with a private company to supply quality plantain plantlets using the...
Farming Methods and the Livelihood Outcomes of Women in Eastern Uganda
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Farming methods are closely linked to livelihood outcomes of women. The techniques of farming and the manner in which they are applied affects realization of livelihood outcomes. Even though rural women aim at attaining positive outcomes, their efforts are jeopardized by farming practices. This situation is exacerbated by gender disparities in knowledge and skills, inadequate access to productive resources and power...
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The debate on integration of shade trees on farmers’ fields is lately becoming pronounced due to the increasing land fragmentation, particularly in the highlands where the number of trees on farm is reducing drastically. In these farmlands, the choice of shade trees is the result of complex farmers’ analysis and valuation of tradeoffs between the increasing productivity, socioeconomic and environmental benefits that they...
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Climate variability and change has caused instability in production and decline in productivity exacerbating food insecurity particularly in Latin America, Africa including Ethiopia and some parts of Asia. The magnitude and frequency of extreme climatic events is projected to increase. The effects of these climatic changes will become even more pronounced among small scale farmers whose farming activities are weather...
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The average yield of finger millet is low in Ethiopia, specifically in Western Oromia due to different production constraints such as limited availability of improved varieties, lack of formal seed delivery system, and limited adoption of the available technologies. To this, BARC in collaboration with AGP-II conducted the pre-scale up and popularized full packaged improved finger millet varieties in cluster approach at...
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Swiss chard is amongst the widely cultivated green leafy vegetables that play a significant role in alleviation of food insecurity and malnutrition in South Africa. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Bioslurry effluent on growth, biological yield and nutrient content of Swiss chard. Two cultivars of Swiss chard (Fordhook giant and Star 1801) were planted in 10 plots of 4.5 m² using sand...
Determinants of Rural Youth Unemloyment: The Case of Essera Districts, Dawro Zone, Southen Ethiopia
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The prevalence of youth unemployment is one of the socio- economic problems facing Ethiopia in general and study area in particular, where the youth faces severe challenge in getting work. But, the issue of unemployment in the area and the youth unemployment especially in the rural areas so far was not well assessed. In light of this problem, this study is conducted with an objective of assessing the determinants of rural...
Article in Press
Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops in both space and time. The activity took place during the main rainy season of 2019 in the Adola Rede and Odo Shakiso districts of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The demonstration Objectives included evaluating yield output and cost-benefit ratio of maize-haricot bean intercropping practices under farmers’ condition and assessing farmers’ and others...
Article in Press
This study uses structural equation modelling (SEM) and path diagram techniques to examine challenges faced by women in the agricultural sector cooperatives in Southeast Nigeria. The data are from a cross-section survey of randomly selected women cooperative members. Results suggest that women with poor economic status are less likely to have access to improved technology, labour, off-farm employment, and improved...
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This study was conducted in rural villages of Ethiopia. It aimed to analyze the statistical association between rural multidimensional poverty, livelihoods, and access to agricultural extension services. A cross-sectional household-level primary data were collected from 387 samples. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results show that no statistical significance differences between...
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Tomato is one of the most important fruit vegetable crops in Ethiopia supporting the livelihood and improving the economic life of many farmers in the country. Despite the importance of the crop, the productivity of crop is low due to poor production management factors such as limitation on availability of pesticides and fungicides, limitation to access information, market fluctuation, and shelf life of the crop. The study...
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The factors that have the most significant influence on community participation need to be determined and strengthened, if enhanced community participation in irrigation projects is to be achieved. Despite the good intentions of the government of Tanzania to adopt community participation as a necessary condition in implementation of agricultural development projects, failure of irrigation projects remains a problem...
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Violent conflicts have been a pervasive featurein many developing countries especially in Africa leading to destruction of people’s lives and livelihoods. In Northern Uganda, the war between the Government forces and the Lord’sResistance Army (LRA) led to devastating impacts on peoples’ lives and livelihoods.In order to restore the peoples’ livelihoods in the war affected Northern Uganda, the Government of Uganda...
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The first need for this study arises because thisCentury has marked a significant evolution of program development and project management. Hence, project and program management have gradually transformed overtime from just management techniques to an overall complex system involving systematic methods, attitudes, values and opinions. It has been observed that Governance and Organizational thinking through program and...
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This study assessed opportunities and challenges experienced by smallholder farmers in using/adopting climate smart agriculture to adapt to climate change and variability in Kilosa district, Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to establish adoption level of climate smart agriculture practices and its contribution in enhancing crop production and adaptive capacity in improving food security among smallholder...
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Climate change is aggravates floods, drought, crop pests and diseases which has higher impact on agricultural production. The main objective of study is to assess the determinants of farmers’ choices of adaptation strategies to climate change. Primary and secondary data were used. A Multistage sampling technique was used. The total of 196 sampled households were selected randomly and proportional size to each...
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The costs of maize production per ha in the Eastern Cape Province are escalating due to an increase in mechanisation and input costs. Conservation agriculture (CA) has been identified as one the systems that can reduce costs of production and improve maize productivity. Most famers in the district still require tangible evidence on the benefits and impacts of minimal soil disturbance. Hence it was necessary to conduct this...
Farmers’ Awareness And Attitude Towards Entertainment
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This study was undertaken to assess the awareness and attitude of farmers to Entertainment Education (EE) in Anambra State. Farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, identification of Entertainment Education strategies, ascertaining the farmers’ knowledge and attitude were examined in this study. REPHRAISE Simple random sampling was used to select a total of a hundred (100) respondents. The interview schedule was used...
Social economic determinants of cassava commercialization in Busia County of Kenya
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta) remains an important root crop that is consumed by more than 400 million people in the world. It is an important source of starch products and animal feeds. The crop has high a yield potential, can withstand pests and disease attack and harsh weather conditions and grows well even on poor soils throughout the year. Despite its importance, cassava is mainly grown for subsistence use especially in...
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Credit service utilization fills the gap of finance and improves agricultural technology use. However, limited use of credit enhances low level of living due to low productivity and income. The study was conducted to analyze smallholder farmers’ credit service utilization in case of Omo microfinance in Mareka District, Dawuro Zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 4 rural kebeles out of...
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This study was conducted in Lower Gweru Communal area of Zimbabwe to determine the perceptions of extension agents on factors affecting small-scale resource-constrained farmers’ technology adoption and innovation processes. The effects of extension agents’ working conditions on the quality of service delivery to farmers were also investigated. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews conducted with...
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This paper investigates the farmers’ perception on soil fertility replenishment technologies in the North Rift Region of Kenya. A survey was conducted in Trans Nzoia and Uasin Gishu counties of the North Rift Region of Kenya. A total of 108 respondents were interviewed. A two stage random sampling technique was employed in the study. In the first stage, farmer groups growing maize as the main crop were selected. The...
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This analysis evaluates the effect of FADAMA III undertakings on the recipients' income nexus in Kano State. A survey of 500 respondents was made utilizing stratified sampling method and the information was gathered utilizing organized poll between June and September 2019. Statistical analysis including tables and diagrams were utilized for analyzing the results. The discoveries that over 70% of the recipients have had...
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Using the participatory action research methodology (IPAR) method, the input and knowledge of different stakeholder groups is an ongoing process to establish best water user practices to allocate limited resources. Ongoing studies are being held for barrier and flood prevention solutions, integration of competing water user sectors, and evaluation of customary practices and rules. The establishments of updated regulations...
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The survey was conducted to assess the challenges and opportunities of small-scale extensive/backyard and semi-intensive poultry farming in Nekemte city of East Wollega Zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study population was voluntary individuals who are practicing poultry farming in the city. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16....
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Commercial transformation of subsistence farming is crucial pathway towards economic growth more specifically smallholders’ commercialization. The major objective of this study was identify institutional challenges in smallholders’ commercialization in Mieso and Gumbi-Bordode districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Principal component analysis of multivariate data reduction technique...
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This study sought to establish the influence of utilization of extension services on performance of hybrid sweet potato projects in Kenya: A case of Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County. The study was grounded on the theory of collective action. The philosophical underpinning of this study was pragmatism where a mixed method approach was used in a descriptive survey study design. The target population of this study was a sample...
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The effects of socio-economic characteristics of cocoa farmers on training needs on Good Agricultural Practices is the focus of this study. The study was conducted in Ondo state, South-Western Nigeria. A total of 294 cocoa farmers were the sample size of the study, these were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Information were gathered from the respondents through pretested and validated interview schedule....
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Empowering rural women and girls is not only a fundamental need for agricultural development but also one of the most prominent components of social and economic progress and sustainable development in general. Search data gathered through the questionnaire, the interview with 120 properly addressed, after compiling the data are encoded and discharged and scheduling to fit the statistical analysis methods used, and used...
Income shocks and child labor: evidence for the rural Dominican Republic
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Child labor is a social problem with economic consequences for the growth and development of countries in the short and long term, affecting children's physical and mental development because it interferes with their future wages. This article aims to assess how negative income shocks and economic assets are associated with child labor in the Dominican Republic. This issue is particularly important in the rural area, which...
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The aim of this study was to assess rural households’ food security status, its determinants and food insecurity coping strategies practiced by rural households in South Achefer woreda, North Western Ethiopia. A three stage sampling method was employed to select sample households. First, the woreda was stratified based on agro ecology in to three; in the second stage four kebeles out of 18 were randomly selected....
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The study estimates a multinomial endogenous switching regression model of adoption of sustainable land management practices (SLMPs) and their impacts on crop income by applying a counterfactual analysis using a cross-sectional survey of 354 farm households and 1305 plots from Basonaworana district, Ethiopia. The results come up with four major findings. First, implementations of SLMPs either in combination or standalone...
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Currently tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Totter) is becoming the most preferred crop both for consumption and market value. However, its production and productivity is still very low due to traditional agronomic practices, nutrient deficiencies, and lack of improved varities and susceptibility of the crop to lodging. The current trial was carried out during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons in Medebay zana district’s onstation...
Land Degradation and Possible Mitigation Measures in Ethiopia: A Review
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Land degradation is considered to be an important topic of the 21st century, which is associated with the decline in soil fertility has become a serious threat to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Land degradation is widely recognized as reducing agricultural potential and continuing food insecurity and rural poverty. The economy of Ethiopia is mainly based on agriculture; Ethiopia has experienced...
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This review paper analyzes the challenge and opportunities of information and communication technology for dissemination of agricultural information in Ethiopia. Understanding the challenges and opportunities of information and communication technologies enables to solve the problem of information problem to smallholder farmers through implementing ICT- related agricultural extension system. The data that are collected,...
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