A study of outcomes of seven years' viral load testing at the National Public Health Laboratory, Nepal
December 2017
The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients living with HIV (PLWH) in Nepal have been obvious. However, their viral load (VL) and the effects of VL testing scale-up on the outcomes of HIV treatment have not been adequately investigated. In Nepal, VL tests were performed since 2009 at National Public Health laboratory. VL testing for monitoring scale up was introduced in 2014. The present study was...
Determinants of condom use at last sex by South African construction workers
November 2017
Due to its fragmented nature, the typically remote location of project sites and considerable reliance upon migrant workers, the construction industry in South Africa is adversely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The correct and consistent use of condoms is critical to combatting the spread of infection and reinfection. The demographic, behavioural and AIDS-related knowledge determinants of condom use at last sexual...
HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization and discrimination and coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) at the anti-retroviral (ARV) Clinic, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria
November 2017
The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV/AIDS related stigmatization, discrimination and coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) at University College Hospital Ibadan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design carried out among 700 PLHIV selected using a systematic random sampling technique from May to June 2010. A validated pretested questionnaire was used...
Food preferences during HIV infections: A risk factor for AIDS
October 2017
This perspective discusses the study of Santiago Rodas-Moya et al. (2016) published in Public Health Nutrition: Preference for food and nutritional supplements among adults living with HIV in Malawi, Public health nutrition, 19(04), pp.693-702. The study explored the factors liable for the food preferences of adults living with HIV (ALHIV) in Blantyre, Malawi. The study reported that sourness of food or drinks was one...
Human papillomavirus clustering patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa
October 2017
The global burden of disease caused by both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest in the developing world, with the highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. South African women not only have high rates of infection with HPV, but also have high rates of multiple concurrent infections with two or more HPV genotypes, and are among the world’s most vulnerable to developing...
Lysine and threonine plasma concentrations in Ivorian patients living with human immunodeficiency virus
September 2017
Côte d'Ivoire is one of the most affected countries in West Africa with HIV/AIDS, with a prevalence of 3.4%. Essential amino acids are needed by the organism as they play key roles in the immune system and they are supplied through diet. The objective of this study was to determine the plasma lysine and threonine status for better medical and nutritional management of patients living with HIV. This study...
Determinant of mortality in HIV infected people on antiretroviral therapy in Southwest Ethiopia
September 2017
The introduction of antiretroviral drug has considerably reformed the course of HIV/AIDS from life threatening epidemic to a chronic manageable health problem. Mortality and morbidity associated with HIV/AIDS are changing. The main aim of this study was to assess the potential determinant of death among people infected with HIV and initiated anti-retroviral therapy (ART). A general retrospective cohort method was used...
An assessment of awareness level and sources of information on HIV/AIDS among market women in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
September 2017
In Nigeria, the HIV sero- prevalence is steadily decreasing. It is presently put at 1.9 % among pregnant women. This implies that about 2 out of every 100 women of reproductive age have chance of getting infected with HIV. Market women are at risk and good target groups to enhance information dissemination to their children as well as neighbors. The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness and...
Water handling and low cost treatment practice of peoples living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2016
August 2017
Worldwide, 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water supplies and 88% of deaths from diarrheal diseases are attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Access to safe water and practice of low cost home based treatments are generally at lower level in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the water...
The effects of in utero exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the language abilities of HIV exposed uninfected infants
August 2017
This study investigates the possible effects of in-utero antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure on early language development in HIV exposed uninfected infants. 27 mother-infant pairs consented to the study. Early language development was assessed using the Rossetti Infant Toddler Language Scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the caregiver and infant characteristics, as well as the language and...
Childbearing intentions among sexually active HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected female adolescents in South Africa
July 2017
Women of reproductive age account for nearly half of all HIV-infected people worldwide. Childbearing intention among HIV-infected women is complicated by social and reproductive concerns related to their HIV status. We conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected sexually active South African women aged 17 to 21 in order to compare their childbearing intentions and to identify predictors of the...
The role of IgG, IgA and IgM as immunological markers of HIV/AIDS progression
July 2017
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exhibit a generalized, non-HIV-specific polyclonal B-cell activation resulting in hypergammaglobulinemia of all immunoglobulin isotypes as well as increased production of HIV-specific IgG and IgM. These immunoglobulins have the potential to be used as markers for monitoring the progression of HIV infection. With the inherent challenges of cost and convenience in...
Determinants of perceived stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
June 2017
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS)-related stigmatization and discrimination have been acknowledged as an impediment to mitigating the HIV epidemic and little is known about its contributory factors in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated factors associated with HIV/AIDS perceived stigmatization and discrimination among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. This was a...
Towards a model for inputs evaluation for workplace HIV/AIDS IEC programme based on process evaluation theoretical framework
June 2017
The need for an appropriate evaluation model with respect to workplace HIV/AIDS information, education and communication (IEC) programme implementation necessitated this study. The study adopted the documentary research method. The documents review relied to a large extent on documents from the ILO, the Botswana governments’ National Strategic Framework on HIV/AIDS and the Botswana Revised National policy on HIV...
Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus (HIV/HBV) co-infection in people living with HIV/AIDs identified in Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon: Seroprevalence and impact on the disease progression
June 2017
Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) has become an important factor of co-morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection and its effect on the disease progression in people living with HIV/AIDS identified in Yaoundé Central Hospital. Blood samples from 75 HIV positive patients were collected in Yaoundé Central Hospital from November...
Human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling trends analysis, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe: A secondary data analysis
May 2017
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) indicators are captured for programming, decision making and program monitoring and evaluation. A preliminary review of Midlands province HTC data showed that a small proportion of men and children were being tested for HIV. The secondary HTC data to determine trends to inform programming was therefore analyzed. A descriptive study using secondary HTC data was carried out. Microsoft...
Immunological and clinical assessment of adult HIV patients following switch to second-line antiretroviral regimen in a large HIV Program in North-central Nigeria
May 2017
Antiretroviral (ART) regimen switch is a common occurrence in resource-limited settings where patients present late for care or with an AIDS-defining event. ART regimen switch can be attributed to several factors emanating from either the individual, program or facility level. This retrospective study was carried out in a resource-limited comprehensive facility in North-central Nigeria. Treatment records of 4,206 Adult...
Knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS among Wolkite university students in Ethiopia
May 2017
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV is essential and critical way for prevention, care and treatment of HIV. It allows early detection of illness, reducing transmission, morbidity and mortality from it. But youth knowledge and attitude towards HIV testing services is not universal. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, practice and factors associated with VCT for HIV among University...
Predictors on mortality of human immunodeficiency virus infected children after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in Wolaita zone health facilities, Ethiopia: Retrospective cohort study
April 2017
Worldwide Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS) have created an enormous challenge on the survival of infected patients. Identifying baseline factors that predict morbidity could allow their possible modification in order to improve pediatric HIV care. Retrospective cohort study was conducted in 228 HIV infected children starting antiretroviral treatment at Wolaita zone selected...
Efficacy of amaranth grain consumption on CD4 count and morbidity patterns among adults living with HIV in Nyeri, Kenya
April 2017
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased nutrient needs and compromised body immunity. Minimal information exists on effect of food-based interventions on health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study investigated the efficacy of amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) consumption on CD4 count and morbidity patterns among PLHIV. A one group...
Level of micronutrient supplements uptake among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kayole, Nairobi County, Kenya
April 2017
Micronutrients reduce morbidity and slow the rate of disease progression and thus, micronutrient supplementation in HIV is recommended. This study established the level of uptake of micronutrient supplements among people living with HIV in Kayole, Nairobi County. A cross-sectional analytical design was adopted on a comprehensive sample of 153 adults living with HIV, enrolled at Comprehensive Care Centre in Kayole Health...
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral treatment among patients living with HIV/AIDS, in Bale zone, south eastern Ethiopia
March 2017
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is of critical importance because even minor deviations from the prescribed regimen can result in viral resistance. Multiple factors influence adherence among people living with human immune virus. But at present little is known about the patient’s experience and adherence when taking such complex regimens. The major aim of the study was to assess factors associated with...
Cross border migration enhancing reproductive vulnerability of the left behind women and their coping mechanism through self help groups: A study of Bangladesh
March 2017
This study analyzes the range of vulnerabilities among the left behind women (LBW) and their coping strategies primarily focusing on Self Help Groups (SHGs). The basic data used in this paper were collected as part of the Mid Term Review of a cross country intervention on Enhancing Mobile Populations’ Access to HIV&AIDS Services, Information and Support (EMPHASIS) in South Asia in 2012. The reproductive...
Determinant factors of HIV positive status disclosure among adults in Axum Health Facilities, Northern Ethiopia: Implication on treatment adherence
March 2017
Disclosure of HIV positive status to sexual partners, friends or relatives is crucial for HIV prevention and care implementation strategies. Hence, it is important to explore factors determining individuals to disclose their HIV positive status in order to achieve a goal of zero new HIV infection. Facility based mixed cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August, 2013 among 361 HIV positive adults attending...
Factors associated with HIV testing among female sex workers in Botswana
February 2017
Botswana continues to have a high level of HIV prevalence, with about 17% of the population living with HIV AIDS (BAIS IV, 2013). Female sex workers are classified among the most at risk population group in the country. However, sub-national disaggregated data on new infections are not available. Hence, there is a need to focus great attention on other proxies of infection. The present study examines predictors of HIV...
Assessment of the workplace programme for HIV/AIDS in the tourism industry sector of Namibia
February 2017
The aim of this paper was to assess the Work Place Programme (WPP) for HIV/AIDS in Namibia. The methodological framework consisted of the following stages: (i) defining the target population, (ii) clustering the producers, (iii) applying the selection criteria and (iv) applying the eligibility criteria. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as the triangulation of data. The...
Evaluating an enhanced adherence intervention among HIV positive adolescents failing atazanavir/ritonavir-based second line antiretroviral treatment at a public health clinic
January 2017
Sustaining virological suppression among HIV-infected adolescents is challenging. We evaluated a home-based adherence intervention and characterized self-reported adherence, virological response and drug resistance among adolescents failing atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r)-based 2nd line treatment. Methods: HIV-positive adolescents (10-18 years) on ATV/r-based 2nd line treatment with virological failure (viral load (VL)...
Evaluation of the frequency of use of herbal drugs with concomitant administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy and its effect on medication adherence in two health care facilities in south western Nigeria
January 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the concomitant use of herbal medicine and anti-retroviral drugs in people living with HIV/AIDs and to evaluate the reasons given by the patients for concomitant administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with herbal drugs in order to establish a possible link between the use of herbal medicines and adherence. A cross sectional study design was...
A study on HIV knowledge and preventive behavioral practices among FSW’S in Mumbai
January 2017
The prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) in India is highest in the state of Maharashtra (7.4%). Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra, with a large sex industry mainly consisting of brothels, lags behind in the overall average decline in HIV seen in this state over the last decade. Condoms are now widely used by sex workers through the pro-active role of Mumbai District AIDS Control Society (MDACS) and...
Mass incarceration, residential segregation and racial disparities in HIV
December 2016
Using a “mass incarceration” framework and county-level national data, this paper examines the relationship between incarceration, ex-offender reentry locations, and HIV rates in counties with different racial compositions. A series of “race-of-county” stratified regression models estimate HIV prevalence rates with incarceration and ex-offender reentry locations when taking into consideration...
Healthcare providers’ (HCPs) attitude towards older adults with HIV and AIDS in Botswana
November 2016
This study obtained the views of a random sample of 164 healthcare practitioners on their attitudes to older adults with HIV and AIDS. It shows that although the knowledge of protective measures to avoid HIV infection, mode of transmission and stigmatization are high among the healthcare providers (HCPs), yet the majority of them (76.2% of medical officers, 80.4% of nurses and 93.3% of others) are aware of...
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV patients attending Eye/Uveitis clinic in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra -Ghana
October 2016
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an ocular manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection especially in individual with low CD4 cells count. In Ghana, a country where CMV infection is hyperendemic, there is no data of CMV retinitis among HIV positive persons. This work was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of CMV retinitis among HIV positive persons attending eye clinic in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital....
Effect of the “rebirth to seven wonders†powder supplement for nutritional management in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy
October 2016
The rebirth to seven wonders (R7M) powder supplement was used for nutritional management of HIV-infected patients. The powder is a multipurpose powder used as a food supplement in human foods because of its nutritional qualities. It has many uses such as in the fight against malnutrition in Côte d’Ivoire because of its nutritional qualities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of...
Evaluation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in a tertiary health institution in south-eastern Nigeria
September 2016
Mother-to-child transmission is the highest mode of acquisition of HIV infection in children, with a 15-45% risk of an infant acquiring HIV from an infected mother without any medical intervention. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines and determine its clinical outcome in a PEPFAR Clinic in Nigeria from 2008 to 2012. A...
Evaluation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in a tertiary health institution in south-eastern Nigeria
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) guidelines and determine its clinical outcome in a PEPFAR (APIN-CDC) Clinic in south-eastern Nigeria from 2008 to 2012. It was a retrospective review of data of patients who accessed HIV PEP services from the clinic. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were retrieved from the database of the clinic and...
Outcome of infants born to HIV-positive women through the aspects of prevention of mother to child transmission in Lomé (Togo, West Africa) from 2008 to 2010
August 2016
Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection in children under 15 years is mostly due to mother to child transmission. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of infants born to HIV-positive women through the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) aspects at Sylvanus Olympio’s Teaching Hospital of Lomé. This retrospective study of 24 months...
Disclosure of HIV diagnosis to infected children receiving care in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
August 2016
Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis to infected children is still a challenge despite proven evidences that it has numerous social and medical benefits for the child and family. The aim of this study was to document the disclosure rate of HIV diagnosis to children in Uyo, Nigeria and determine the factors influencing disclosure or non-disclosure to these children. This was a descriptive...
Assessment of factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive mothers in selected hospitals of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) Ethiopia
July 2016
Mother-to-child transmission is the largest source of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. About one third of children are believed to be infected vertically through breast-feeding. Infant feeding in the context of HIV is complex. HIV positive women are confused about feeding methods and mixed feeding continued to be widespread. However, there are few studies on the practice of HIV positive mothers...
Barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of counselling, socioeconomic and cultural factors
July 2016
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) for HIV exposed infants for six months; this is considered best practice for reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the postpartum period. This is a scoping review of the barriers affecting women's decision-making and choice to sustain the practice of EBF in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An online literature search via PubMed, Science...
Risk factors of suicidality among HIV positive subjects in a treatment centre, Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
July 2016
Suicide behaviour complicates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some of the risk factors attributed to this behavior include stigmatization, depression, cultural beliefs, deterioration in physical condition and overwhelming infections. The aim of this paper is to identify the risk factors of suicidal behaviour among HIV respondents in an antiretroviral treatment centre in...
Pattern of home-based care in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients attending adult antiretroviral therapy clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A review from September, 2008 to December, 2013
June 2016
Home based care (HBC) is a key component of care and support for people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Understanding the pattern of HBC needs in a population is beneficial in planning and providing optimal HBC services for the people. This retrospective study assessed the pattern of home based care needs and services in patients of the adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Jos University...
Endemic analysis of HIV/AIDS transmission in the presence of antiretroviral therapy
June 2016
This paper presents a dynamical model that studies the effect of anti-retroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission. Basic qualitative properties of the model are derived. The model is shown not to exhibit backward bifurcation and thus, disease eradication is possible when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. A critical level of...
Societal awareness of stigma and discrimination against persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLHIV): Experience of clinicians, PLHIV, general population, and persons who are vulnerable to HIV
May 2016
The objective of this study was to explore societal awareness of stigma and discrimination against persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLHIV) through the experience of clinicians, PLHIV, the general population and persons who are vulnerable to HIV. This was a cross-sectional survey which used questionnaires to collect data during May to July, 2013. The sampling unit was eight target provinces of the...
Comparing the glucose metabolism derangement in human immunodeficiency virus infection patients on antiretroviral treatment with drug naïve patients at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
May 2016
People living with HIV and AIDS are exposed to the challenges of aging and diet related diseases due to prolonged survival by retroviral drugs. The presence of chronic inflammatory state and the metabolic effects of antiretroviral therapy are additional burden. This study was designed to determine the changes in glucose metabolism in HIV infection. This was a case-control study carried out at the adult HIV clinic....
Measurement scales for AIDS-related knowledge and stigma in South Africa: An evaluation using item response theory
April 2016
AIDS-related knowledge and stigma are key issues in combatting the HIV/AIDS pandemic, primarily because of their relationship with HIV/AIDS testing behavior. Previous studies exploring these issues in southern Africa have employed the 11-item AIDS-related knowledge scale and the 9-item stigma scale, but there has been limited psychometric testing of these scales. Using Item Response Theory (IRT), the two scales...
A benchmark qualitative study of health service delivery in Botswana in 1989: Nurse assessments of the primary healthcare system before the nationwide spread of HIV/AIDS
February 2016
An evaluation of the "watershed" Meharry-Botswana nurses training program in 1989 (Linn and Fako, 1990) confirmed that the maternal, child health, and family planning nursing practices taught by the multi-year education intervention in the 1970s had been widely disseminated and adopted. Based on a national sample of over 350 practicing nurses, this was strong evidence of the high clinical capacity of the...
Human immunodeficiency virus in patients with sickle cell anaemia in Jos: The role of blood transfusion
January 2016
Blood transfusion is an important therapeutic intervention in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Persons with SCA requiring repeated blood transfusions are at risk of contracting transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood meant for transfusion is usually screened for TTIs to ascertain its safety before transfusion. The study investigated the role of blood transfusion in the...
Nutritional assessment of children orphaned from human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and implementing a food based intervention to improve their nutritional status in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria
October 2015
The adverse effects of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic are felt most severely in some of the world’s poorest countries in sub-Saharan Africa which has led to an upsurge in the number of orphaned children. This study assessed the nutritional status of 196 children, 0 to 17 years orphaned from HIV/AIDS living in Bauchi metropolis, using...
Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Nigeria: A synthesis of the literature
October 2015
Nigeria has an estimated 3.5 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals, ranking third worldwide. This study analyzes the determinants of HIV infection to enable improvements in HIV programming in Nigeria and other developing countries. The methodology used is a literature review of grey and electronic databases of reviewed journals, analyzed in terms of an adapted version of Dahlgren and...
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive subject’s co-infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis
September 2015
Diabetes mellitus (DM), mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are important health issues. A bi-directional association between them has been demonstrated by many researchers. The link of DM and TB/HIV is more prominent in developing countries where TB and HIV are endemic and the burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing. A total of 845 subjects were recruited for this study. Fasting...
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