Knowledge of effect of exercise on HIV infected persons among physiotherapy students in Nigeria
September 2015
Despite the recognition and knowledge of the beneficial effects of exercise on persons living with HIV and AIDS in the developed world, there is global paucity of published studies on knowledge of effect of exercise on HIV infected persons. This study was therefore designed to determine whether physiotherapy students in Nigeria have the basic knowledge on the effect of exercise on HIV infected persons. Simple random...
Community home based care for people living with HIV: an overview of client needs, actors and services provided in Ethiopia
September 2015
In Ethiopia, it was shown that funding levels are far from compatible to the needs for care and support services for people living with human immuno-deficiency virus (PLHIV) and orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC). The aim in this study is to map the relationship between client needs, actors, care and support services provided for PLHIV and OVC in Ethiopia. A case study of the Ethiopian community care program was...
Gingival status: An indicator of disease progression and its correlation with the immunologic profile in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy
August 2015
To determine the gingival health of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children and how it correlates to CD4 percentages in vertically infected children with HIV undergoing combination antiretroviral therapy. Two hundred and fifteen HIV positive children on antiretroviral therapy, of both sexes from seven to fifteen years old were evaluated for their gingival status using the Gingival Index. Children were...
The association of layered stigma and sympathy toward persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Puerto Rico
August 2015
To assess the levels of sympathy expressed toward various persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) associated with different target groups and to identify the factors associated with sympathy expressed toward various types of PLWHA. Data were collected from 832 HIV-negative female residents of public housing in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Less sympathy was expressed toward drug-using PLWHA when compared to normative contracted...
Human papillomavirus infections in HIV: A review
August 2015
The interaction between human papilloma virus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), both sexually transmitted infections appears to be related to the alteration in cell-mediated immunity in HIV infected persons. Linkage studies of HIV/AIDs and cancer registries have indicated a 2 to 22 fold increase in cervical cancer in HIV positive women compared to HIV negative women. Data on the prevalence of HPV types in...
Analysis of the national early infant diagnosis dataset, Zimbabwe: 2007 to 2010
July 2015
Zimbabwe introduced the early infant diagnosis (EID) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants in 2007. Data captured through this initiative has never been analysed in detail. A detailed EID data analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in reducing HIV transmission. A retrospective record review of the national EID dataset for...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Washington, D.C.: Prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in treatment naïve patients from 2007 to 2010
June 2015
HIV treatment has been greatly impacted by transmitted resistance to antiretrovirals (ARV). Several studies have documented resistance in naïve individuals and estimates of transmitted drug resistance mutations range from <5% to as high as 25%. Washington, D.C. has one of the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates in the United States (3.2% in 2009), but local data regarding the...
Impact of information leaflet on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related information and self management in HIV positive adolescents
June 2015
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a peer support intervention on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related information and self-management in HIV positive adolescents. Adolescents in this study referred to children in the age group 11 to 16 years. An intervention study, with outcomes assessed the intervention and immediately post-intervention. Participants aged 11 to 16 years (N = 114) were recruited from...
Psychometric properties of moore version of World Health Organization's Quality of Life (WHOQOL) HIV-BREF in persons living with HIV in Burkina Faso
May 2015
This study aims to examine psychometric properties of Moore version of World Health Organization's Quality of Life assessment short instrument in HIV patients (WHOQOL HIV-BREF). A study was conducted on 100 persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α. For...
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) clinical trial activity on the African Continent: An analysis of HIV/AIDS trials registered on the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry
May 2015
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is a major public health problem which poses a significant threat to livelihoods and social security in resource-poor countries due to the rapid spread of the infection amongst individuals at the prime of their productive age. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV/AIDS with an estimated 24.7 million people living...
Sustained virological response after only 5 weeks treatment with daclatasvir/pegylated interferon and ribavirin as part of a clinical trial in a cirrhotic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patient with liver decompensation during treatment
March 2015
This study presents a case of a sustained virological response to 24 weeks early cessation of hepatitis C direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment with daclatasvir/peginterferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV), mandated by liver decompensation, in a clinical trial subject with advanced liver disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection. Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),...
Change in serum lipid profiles and glucose after switching from stavudine/lamivudine to zidovudine/lamivudine in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based anti-retroviral regimens in Southern Ethiopia
February 2015
Data concerning any difference in serum lipid profiles and glucose level after patients switched from stavudine to zidovudine in Ethiopia is very limited. Seventy eight adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included stavudine/lamivudine with either of efavirenz or nevirapine during ART initiation were enrolled. Of these patients, 53 were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (NVP-group) and the rest...
Bottleneck analysis of challenges facing sexual and reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services integration in Southwestern Nigeria
February 2015
Services integration ensures easy access to multiple services in a cost effective way. Integration of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services is poor in Nigeria. Removing bottlenecks to successful integration has been of high programmatic priority most especially in resource poor settings. This study determined bottlenecks to effective SRH/HIV services integration in Osun...
Predictors of lost to follow up to antiretroviral therapy in primary public hospital of Wukro, Tigray, Ethiopia: A case control study
January 2015
In spite of the well proven benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prolonging life expectancy, being lost to ART follow-up is a problem to the success of antiretroviral therapy programs in resource limited countries including Ethiopia. Thus the aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult ART clients. A case-control study design was employed using patients’...
Higher prevalence of Hepatitis B virus Infection among ARV- exposed than naive HIV-infected individuals in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
January 2015
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection with HIV is becoming a major challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The problem has not received adequate attention by researchers since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment. This study aims to determine the magnitude of coinfection and identify factors associated with it between ARV-exposed and ARV- naive individuals. Comparative cross-sectional study was...
Incidental findings of bacterial vaginosis and other infections in papanicolaou smears of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa
October 2014
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a widely prevalent infection that is associated with a range of adverse outcomes. We compared the rates of incidentally identified BV and other cervico-vaginal infections on Papanicolaou (Pap) smears of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa. Cervical specimens from 50 HIV-uninfected and 32 HIV-infected sexually active South African...
Importance of social media in engaging young people on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention
September 2014
This paper dealt with the importance of social media in engaging young people on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention. The data used in this study, was obtained through a social media survey conducted among young unmarried tertiary graduates between the ages of 15 to 35 who are working in Abuja Nigeria and activities of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) on Facebook from 9 August, 2010 to 30...
Oral cytology in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): An immune marker?
September 2014
Low CD4 counts is currently considered to be one of the main indicators of the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune depression, but few studies have analyzed its relationship to the presence of oral cytological changes. The aim of this cross sectional study was to analyze the relationship between total CD4 lymphocyte count and the occurrence of cytological changes. The present cross-sectional...
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among tuberculosis/ human immunodeficiency co-infected cases treated under directly observed treatment of short course in Western Ethiopia
September 2014
A five year (2009 to 2013) retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) co-infection patients from April to May, 2014 in six randomly selected health institutions providing Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) program in Western Ethiopia. In the selected health institutions, sputum and blood samples were collected and processed...
Antiretroviral therapy and genetic predisposition: Cofactors contributing to the lipodystrophy syndrome
August 2014
The TNF-α-238G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) independently increases the risk of lipodystrophy progression. The current study evaluates the contribution of the different antiretroviral treatments (ART) regimens administered to HIV infected individuals in Pune to the development of lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in patients having TNF-α-238G/A polymorphism. A total of 172 HIV-1 infected...
Magnitude of pulmonary tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infections among patients who had sputum examination at Minjar Health Center in Eastern Ethiopia: A retrospective study
August 2014
Tubercle bacilli infection is a considerable medical and public health problems in Ethiopia. The disease burden is exacerbated if tuberculosis infected individuals are co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of pulmonary tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infections among clinically suspected tuberculosis patients who examined sputum at the...
Preliminary statement of HIV/AIDS conceptions among students at Abomey-Calavi (Benin) campus
July 2014
This study conducted at the campus of Abomey-Calavi in December 2009 evaluated students conceptions in relation to the theme of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). A target population of students was approached through a questionnaire. This descriptive study showed that 45% of the students were not satisfied with the level of fighting against AIDS in Calavi campus. 81.81% of the...
No significant differences in nephrotoxicity for tenofovir combined with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in treatment of adult HIV infection
July 2014
This study retrospectively evaluated specific changes in renal parameters among HIV-infected patients treated with regimens combining tenofovir (TDF) with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) compared with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), with non-TDF regimens, and with those on no treatment before or during the study period. Patients in the treatment groups were included if they received...
Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected antiretroviral therapy naïve children in Makurdi, Nigeria: A retrospective study
July 2014
Anaemia is a common condition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and it contributes significantly to its morbidity and mortality. However, there are a few available studies describing the risk factors of anaemia in HIV- infected, antiretroviral therapy naïve (ART) Nigerian children. A retrospective, cross-sectional study, at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, between June, 2010 and June,...
Risk for developing tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
June 2014
Approximately one third of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are co-infected with tuberculosis (TB), and TB accounts for up to a third of deaths from AIDS worldwide. Injectable drug use is an important factor in epidemiology of both TB and HIV. This study was carried out to assess the risk of intravenous drug use for developing TB in HIV infected patients. A cross-sectional study was...
Evaluation of urine specimen as an alternative to blood for malaria diagnosis among HIV positive individuals attending HIV clinics in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria
June 2014
A total of 150 blood and urine samples each were collected from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who visited selected hospitals in Ebonyi State. The subjects were made up of 57 males and 93 female patients. The blood samples were screened for the presence of four human malaria parasites using parasitological examination of blood stained films and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 150 urine...
A review on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain candidate vaccine development: Prospect and challenges
May 2014
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates of any infectious disease, with more than 33 million people infected worldwide. Specifically, HIV causes the destruction of helper T cells, ultimately resulting in the suppression of the immune system and leaving its human host susceptible to countless of other pathogenic agents. The development of an effective HIV vaccine has...
Improving United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa
May 2014
This paper poses methodological and ethical questions on the measures adopted by the human development index (HDI) data in assessing development in Africa, with particular emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). It is a well-known fact that these measures are great indicators of development or otherwise. The central position of the paper is that given the difficulty...
External quality assessment: On-site evaluation of HIV testing and counselling sites in Nigeria
May 2014
A cross-sectional quantitative assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of testing in 242 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counselling (HTC) sites in 25 states including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. A checklist assessing eight different quality systems essentials (QSE) adapted from World Health Organization/African Regional Office (WHO/AFRO) laboratory strengthening checklist was...
Prevalence and utility of dipstick proteinuria in predicting renal insufficiency in treatment naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected Africans
March 2014
This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of proteinuria in treatment naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. It also evaluated utility of dipstick urinalysis for the detection of impaired renal function. Two hundred (200) HIV seropositive patients and 72 HIV seronegative subjects were evaluated and tested for proteinuria using dipstick reagent strips. Serum urea and...
African and American university students and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) transmission kissing perception
March 2014
The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which kissing is associated with the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), based on literature review and respondents’ to the questionnaire. The sample used was a diverse one, as participants were Americans and Africans drawn from universities in America, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, comprising a...
Risky sexual behavior and identity construction among adolescents in Ethiopia
March 2014
Adolescents in Ethiopia are found to engage in a host of risky behaviors that lead to sexual and reproductive health problems including Human Immune Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), unplanned pregnancy, and abortion; just to mention but a few. Quite a number of research investigations have been conducted to document on the factors that lead youth to these risky behaviors. However, these...
Intestinal parasites and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of children in Jos, Nigeria
March 2014
Intestinal parasitic infestations (IPI) are not uncommon in immunocompetent individuals. However, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with depleted immunity have an abnormally high susceptibility to infections. This study therefore, examines children with intestinal parasites according to HIV status and degree of immunosuppression. Consecutively consenting patients aged 1 to 15 years attending the...
Opportunistic infections among human immune deficiency virus (HIV) positive injecting drug users of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
March 2014
A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among the 116 human immune deficiency virus (HIV) positive drug addicted people in Dhaka city during September, 2012 to March, 2013. The major objectives of this study were to assess the various spectra of opportunistic infections among drug users who are HIV positive for at least three years. Young adults are more frequent drug users and males are more prone to drug...
Education level and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge in Kenya
February 2014
Education level and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge in Kenya investigated secondary and university students’ HIV/AIDS knowledge in the City of Nairobi, Kenya. This was motivated by research findings in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, showing a correlation between education level and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The method employed was that of descriptive statistics...
Why do patients refuse antiretroviral therapy before they complete tuberculosis treatment?: A qualitative enquiry
February 2014
In Sub Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infections are common, and patients often find out about their HIV positive status during consultation for pulmonary tuberculosis. Reports from the HIV and TB hospital unit in Swaziland indicate that many deaths are related to low uptake of antiretroviral therapy among patients co-infected with TB, and anecdotal evidence suggests...
African university adolescents’ gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) vulnerability
February 2014
African university adolescents’ gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) vulnerability investigation examined adolescents’ frequent perception that they are not susceptible to HIV/AIDS infection. Specifically, it sought to find out whether there are gender differences in the belief that adolescents are not at risk of HIV/AIDS infection. The...
Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma of mental illness among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Nigeria, West Africa
February 2014
There is evidence that internalized stigma significantly impacts the lives of depressed people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA). Nevertheless, there is paucity of data on the extent, domains and demographic correlates of internalized stigma among PLWHA; hence the need for this study. This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of one...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and abnormal cervical cytopathology among human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV) positive women in Northern India
January 2014
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) which may progress to cancer. Hence, it is important to screen all HIV positive women for this cancer which is amenable to cure in early stages. A cross sectional case-control study was conducted on 100 HIV seropositive women and matched seronegative...
Youth attitude to some human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) preventive measures in some institutions of higher education in Nigeria
January 2014
Youth attitude to some human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a world-wide epidemic that has given governments around the world sleepless nights. The case of sub-Sahara Africa is particularly worrisome. More than half the world cases are believed to be in this region. Nigeria as one of the countries in this region is not speared the devastating spread of the virus and young people...
HIV and AIDS in Africa: Questioning the validity and the efficacy of the HDI measures
January 2014
This paper poses methodological and ethical questions on the measures adopted by the human development index (HDI) data in assessing development in Africa, with particular emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). It is a well-known fact that these measures are great indicators of development or otherwise. The central position of the paper is that given the difficulty in...
Predictors of mortality among HIV positive adults on antiretroviral therapy in Debremarkos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
January 2014
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) reduces life expectancy by seven years. Mortality is high among non-treated patients in Ethiopia with about 58.1/100 person years of observation. However, the predictors of mortality have not been adequately studied. Hence, the main objective of the study was to determine predictors of mortality among HIV positive adults on...
Basic sociological concepts, attitude, perception and effects on propagating the message of HIV and AIDS prevention and control on engineering student of some selected tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria
December 2013
This study centres on the basic sociological concepts, attitudes, perception and its effects on propagating the message of the dreaded disease called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control using engineering student from selected tertiary institution in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. HIV and AIDS prevention was examined prior and after HIV and AIDS...
Factors associated with the development of HIV associated lipodystrophy in patients on long-term HAART
December 2013
Highly active antiretroviral therapy is effective in reducing viral load and increasing survival in HIV-1-infected patients. It consists of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor or two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The efficacy of Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is however compromised by adverse events...
Mental health of HIV/AIDS orphans: A review
December 2013
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the best known deadly diseases in the world, due to its devastating impact on communities, families, children and development. Worldwide, 34 million people are presently living with HIV/AIDS out of which 17 million are HIV/AIDS orphans. India is the home to the second largest number of HIV/AIDS orphans in the world after South Africa...
Personal responsibility for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection
December 2013
Personal responsibility for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection led to the aim of this study by investigating the belief that those who live with HIV/AIDS have only themselves to blame for their calamity. Participants were drawn from high school and university students in America, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania. The method used in the analysis of data was quantitative...
HIV/AIDS knowledge of high school adolescents in Kenya
December 2013
The primary purpose of this investigation was to assess the level of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) knowledge of high school adolescents in Kenya. As a subsidiary, objective of the investigation was to determine whether there was transfer of knowledge between boys and girls regarding their sexual behaviour. The results showed that adolescent high school students have a high...
Effects of 12 weeks cycle exercise programme on CD4 count and viral load in HIV sero-positive patients in Kano, Nigeria
November 2013
This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks bicycle ergometer exercise programme on CD4 cell count and viral loads in 40 male HIV sero positive patients in Kano, Nigeria, aged 39.2 years who were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The patients’ pre and post-test anthropometric measurements as well as CD4 cell counts and viral loads were obtained using standard biochemical...
Reception and treatment of HIV/AIDS children in school
November 2013
Reception and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) children in school investigated the extent to which children living with HIV/AIDS are accepted and treated in school. Such investigation was based on various research findings of these children indicating resistance to their attending the same schools with HIV/AIDS free children, constituting the majority of...
The beliefs of African university men and women on HIV/AIDS being God’s indignation
November 2013
The purpose of this study was to investigate the tenet that HIV/AIDS is God’s indignation for those who engage in sexual intercourse outside the institution of marriage. Moreover, this study aimed at identifying gender differences that HIV/AIDS is God’s indignation against sexual immorality. Descriptive statistics comprising frequency, percentage, chi-square and probability was used for data analysis....
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