Association between types of coping strategies adopted following HIV seroconversion and disclosure of HIV status, between 2002 and 2009, Zimbabwe
October 2013
People who were seronegative on their first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing may react differently to being seropositive on subsequent testing (seroconversion) compared to those who were HIV seropositive at their first HIV testing. In both cases, disclosure of a positive HIV status to at least one other person is considered one of the most important factors for prevention of transmission of HIV. Whilst...
Care for people living with HIV/AIDS: Whose responsibility?
October 2013
The combination of factors affects the acceptance, care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS. These include knowledge and willingness of the people. The paper sought the knowledge of the rural populace of Ode-Lemo, a rural community in Sagamu local government, Nigeria. The local government area have benefited from awareness and campaign activities of Sagamu Community Centre (SCC), an NGO in the area with primary...
American college students and HIV/AIDS knowledgeability and sexual behavior change
October 2013
This study aimed at investigating the extent to which US College students know about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) transmission, infection and prevention, and the transfer of such knowledge to sexual behavior change. The findings showed that college students’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS was very good, and that such knowledge was transferable to real life experience, in...
Harsh realities: Reasons for women's involvement in sex work in India
September 2013
This study documents the reasons and processes for involvement of women into sex work in India. The study is based on in-depth interviews with a cross-section of commercial sex workers in four Indian states – Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It shows that most women enter sex work due to a complex set of reasons as opposed to any one single over-riding reason. While abject poverty was cited...
Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection among patients receiving highly active Anti retro viral therapy (HAART) in a tertiary eye care centre
September 2013
The pattern of ocular manifestation of human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection in Bayelsa state, Nigeria is presently unknown. In order to effectively control HIV/AIDS infection in the state, it is important to know the ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection in this locality. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the eye manifestation of HIV infection in patients...
Clients’ satisfaction with anti retroviral therapy services in a tertiary hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria
September 2013
Patient satisfaction towards services has become a tool to gain attention and value amongst the patients as well as health care providers. Satisfied patients are more likely to comply with prescribed treatment and advice from the doctors; they are also more likely to return for additional care especially for those on long term treatment like human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)....
Nutritional status and KAP about HIV/AIDS among floating drug addicted and commercial sex workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
September 2013
A cross sectional study was carried out among the 100 floating drug addicted people and 50 commercial sex workers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. About 26% of sex workers and 36% of drug addicted were aged 20 years. Only thirty six percent of the sex workers and 38% of the drug addicted were married. Among the sex workers, 50% were illiterate whereas 42.9% of the drugs addicted were primary educated. About 78% of the sex...
African University Students’ Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and knowledge transfer
September 2013
The objective of African University students’ knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and transfer of knowledge sought to examine the extent to which African university students are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS transmission, infection and prevention, and its impact on sexual behaviour change. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequency, percentage and chi-square...
Decentralized HIV/AIDS pharmacovigilance in South Africa: Mpumalanga as pilot province for national roll-out
September 2013
The South African National Department of Health have successfully completed the implementation of a new decentralized patient-centred pilot pharmacovigilance programme in Mpumalanga province. The objective was to integrate the programme into the daily activities of healthcare providers at treatment level. Firstly, we carried out a one-day pre-training site visit to ascertain the training needs and readiness for...
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) as God’s directive
September 2013
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) as God’s directive aimed at investigating the tenet that HIV/AIDS is God’s punishment for those who engage in sexual intercourse outside the institution of marriage. A quantitative method in the form of descriptive statistics comprising frequency, percentage, chi-square and probability was used for data analysis. The sample comprised...
Decentralized HIV/AIDS pharmacovigilance in South Africa: Mpumalanga Success & Moving Forward
September 2013
This report evaluates the improvement in targeted spontaneous adverse drug reactionreporting and the quality of reports, demographic distribution, regimens implicated, the most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as well as concomitant conditions. Reported cases of ADRs in the Mpumalanga anti retroviral treatment (ART) programme from July, 2011 to February, 2013 were evaluated. A total of 1,756 ADR...
A review of infant feeding policy in Botswana within the context of best practices for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): 1998 to 2012
August 2013
In this review, the extent to which the Government of Botswana (GoB) applied international health recommendations and guidelines on infant feeding “best practices” within the context of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), into its national infant feeding policies between 1998 and 2012 was assessed. The infant feeding guidelines of focus here are those...
Changes in blood profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in North Eastern Nigeria
August 2013
We evaluated the changes in blood profile of patients in a prospective 30 month observational follow up study involving 145 antiretroviral naive acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) participants. Participants were divided into two groups at one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), antiviral success (viral load < 2.60 log10 copies/ml); and antiviral failure (viral load > 2.60...
Situating morality in housing debate: A case of Matapi hostels (Harare)
August 2013
For quite a long time, in the long history of urban housing in Zimbabwe, the quandary of people living in previously known as ‘bachelors’ hostels in various urban centres, particularly Matapi hostels in Mbare (Harare, Zimbabwe), has often been overlooked. Thousands of people from distinct backgrounds currently occupy these hostels. This has inevitably brought a number of social ills that are detrimental to...
Cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected patients with diarrhoea in Kano state, North-western Nigeria
August 2013
Cryptosporidium is one of the agents associated with diarrhoea in human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. There is paucity of data in Northwestern Nigeria on the occurrence of this parasite among HIV patients. The study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium among HIV infected patients in Kano, Nigeria. In order to help in management of HIV...
Correlation between HIV viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as marker of liver damage in HIV infected naive patients in North-eastern Nigeria
August 2013
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a hepatic enzyme that could be used as markers of hepatocellular injury. Liver enzyme elevations are frequent in human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients which may be caused by the HIV virus in those without other risk factors for liver damage. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between HIV viral load and serum levels of ALT, a marker of hepatic damage....
Socio-demographic profiles and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clients in Finote Selam, Northwest Ethiopia
August 2013
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an important component of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention and control interventions. The services in Ethiopia are available in government and non-government health facilities. However, very little is known about the profile and HIV prevalence among VCT clients. In fact, any attempt to analyze the...
Assessing the relevance of extending the prevention of mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission procedure to women with unproductive pregnancies
August 2013
In Cameroon, with regards to the national reprisal to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS), the HIV status of a mother delivering a live baby, when declared unknown is always determined in the delivery room. This protocol is not applicable to women, whose pregnancies have been identified as unproductive. A descriptive study was conducted in three public hospitals in Yaounde from...
Creating a high-throughput screening database to propose ligands capable of modulating the HIV-1 protease receptor
July 2013
This is a report of a de novo design study that aimed to identify novel structures capable of inhibiting the human immune deficiency virus (HIV-1) protease ligand binding pocket (HIV-1 PR_LBP). Baseline information regarding ligand binding modality and affinity was obtained through analysis of the pdb crystallographic depositions describing the HIV-1 PR enzyme complexed with small molecule inhibitors currently...
Assessment of potential risky sexual behaviors among Dilla University students: A survey study for enhancing self- protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
July 2013
The aim of this research was to examine risky sexual behaviors and pre-disposing factors among Dilla University undergraduate students and to design feasible strategies to mitigate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. Mainly, a qualitative method of data collection was utilized to get a number of 187 participants (181 regular students and 6 academically dismissed...
Geriatric human immune deficiency virus (HIV) Infection in Nigeria: A caseâ€series report
July 2013
This study involves a caseâ€series of 3 elderly male patients with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection managed between 2009 and 2010 at the antiretroviral clinic (ART) University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. They were all within the age range of 73 to 100 years and had multiple sexual partners. They were also coâ€managed for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Baseline...
Gaps in preventing mother to child transmission (PMTCT) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) exposure among infants in a Nigerian City: Implications for health systems strengthening
July 2013
In many countries, paediatric human immune deficiency virus (HIV) has been virtually eliminated. Nigeria however still records an unacceptably high number of HIV positive births. This study aims to identify HIV exposure rates among infants and to quantify gaps in preventing mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services in a major Nigerian city. A cross-sectional design was used to assess the prevalence of HIV...
Predictors of intended infant feeding options among HIV positive pregnant women in Addis Ababa: The perspective of theory of planned behavior
July 2013
Although exclusive breast feeding during the first six months of life or replacement feeding are crucial in prevention of mother to child transmission of human immune deficiency virus (HIV), mothers intention on feeding options remain unstudied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was intended to assess HIV positive pregnant women’s intention towards infant feeding options. The data were collected from 196 HIV...
Pre-exposure prophylaxis in sero-discordant male partners of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) positive women desirous of natural conception – a clinical setting experience
July 2013
The reproductive health needs of sero-discordant couples are issues of concerns, especially in view of high cost of various assisted conception methods in the low-resource economies. Often times, many of these couples resort to un-informed and unsafe practices of unprotected heterosexual intercourse, leading to human immune deficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. The magnitude of the health burden of these populations in...
Assessing factors influencing university students to uptake voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) of human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
June 2013
This research sought to establish factors that influence students at a university in Tanzania to go for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) of human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The study adopted a case study design done under an interpretivist paradigm and employed a qualitative research approach. Sixty seven respondents were selected by using purposive and...
Comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice of street adults towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in northwest Ethiopia
June 2013
Street people are prone for many infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study assessed comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice of street adults towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 325 street adults at two cities using a pretested questionnaire. Comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS was assessed...
Assessment of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) prevalence estimate among women of childbearing age in Nigeria: Relative inclusion fertility ratios approach
June 2013
Globally, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) constitutes a public health problem. Researchers have been curious about the true estimate of HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the reliability of the existing estimate in Nigeria. The study was cross-sectional in design and utilized data originally collected by National human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune...
Condom use among at-risk African American young adults
June 2013
This study investigated sexual risk behaviors of at-risk males and females in the Philadelphia and Hartford Research and Education on Sexual Health and Communication (Project PHRESH.comm) study. We employed the Theory of Planned Behavior and sexual scripting theory to understand sexual risk behaviors of 18 to 25 year-old Hartford, Connecticut (CT) African Americans. Focus group and sexual relationship life history...
Barriers to repeated use of female condom among women and men of reproductive age in Nigeria
June 2013
Repeated use of female condom is very low in Nigeria. Just three out of ten persons who have ever used female condoms intend to continue using it. This study conducted in three Nigerian States was aimed at identifying the barriers to repeated and non repeated use of female condom. Among men and women of reproductive age, 16 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted using structured...
Metabolic factors associated with the development of lipodystrophy in patients on long-term highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
May 2013
Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes are frequent in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and especially in patients with lipodystrophy, and may lead to atherosclerosis. This study described the metabolic alterations associated with lipodystrophy in adults on chronic HAART in Kenya. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia amongst the study participants was (211) 79.6%. Elevated total cholesterol...
Lipodystrophy, “social death†and treatment adherence in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
May 2013
The lipodystrophy syndrome is the adverse effect to the use of the most important antiretrovirals according to the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Based on this idea, it is sought to emphasize that the lipodystrophy syndrome, as a result of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment confirms the “social death” experienced by patients and the possible interference in the process of treatment...
Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS): Knowledge, attitudes of university students of the State of Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)
May 2013
Epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a significant threat to humankind. This threat is more alarming to developing countries, where poverty and illiteracy may contribute towards higher risk for HIV transmission. To preclude the further feast of HIV, it is very important that people should have a good knowledge of HIV disease. The aim of this study was to examine...
Medication adherence and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells response in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
May 2013
This study evaluated medication adherence following interventions and its association with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells response among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Specialist Hospital Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. Longitudinal study design was used. Interventions included training of health workers on adherence counseling; pre- and post-ART adherence counseling were provided to...
A novel approach to inhibiting human immune deficiency virus (HIV-1) infection by actively neutralizing the antibodies of reverse transcriptase system
May 2013
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase (VK 25 RD) formula for inhibiting and or preventing the disease. This pilot study was done on five naive patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, never treated with anti retroviral medications....
Profiles of attendees in integrated counseling and testing centre at Maharani Hospital, Government Medical College, Bastar (Chhattisgarh), India
April 2013
This study aims to study the socio demographic profile and risk behaviour of sero-positive attendees of Integrated Counseling Testing Centre (ICTC). The study design used was retrospective study setting on ICTC in the out-patient complex of G.M.C., Jagdalpur. Record of all 1706 attendees of ICTC in the year 2008 and the data of attendees in the years 2007 and 2009 were included in the study to access the time trend of...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated lipodystrophy: The prevalence, severity and phenotypes in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Kenya
April 2013
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is widely accessible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Kenya. Their long term use is associated with chronic complications such as lipodystrophy which may lead to stigmatization, reduced self esteem and poor adherence to HAART. This cross-sectional study described the prevalence of lipodystrophy, the phenotypes and severity among adult...
Collecting whole network data for human immunodeficiency virus prevention: A review of current strategies
April 2013
The study of social networks is essential to understanding the spread of infectious diseases. This study reviews strategies for collecting whole (that is, sociometric) network data for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. Using selected criteria, peer-reviewed journal articles published from 1980 to 2012 were searched in ISI Web of Knowledge and PsychInfo databases, and social network journals. Data from...
Re-marriage decisions among people living with HIV in rural Southern Malawi
April 2013
This study explores re-marriage decisions of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in matrilineal Chiradzulu and patrilineal Chikhwawa communities in Malawi. Specifically, it analyzes reasons and circumstances that come into play as they re-consider marriage relationships. Data were collected from July to December, 2010 using in-depth interviews from eighteen informants purposively sampled and was...
Association between ethnicity and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles on late presentation to care and high rates of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV
April 2013
Within Manitoba, Aboriginal people make up 15% of the province’s population, but accounted for 53% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in 2011. For over a decade, research has linked the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles as having both protective and harmful effects in HIV disease progression. The abundance of HLA alleles that predispose to rapid disease progression, together with the...
Elevated liver transaminases, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion and rapid progression to AIDS in a HIV prevention clinical trial participant: A case report
March 2013
This is a case report on a human immune deficiency virus (HIV) prevention trial participant who HIV seroconverted, developed hepatitis and rapidly progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 24 year old HIV negative, non-pregnant participant consented to participate in the FEM-PrEP clinical trial. Her baseline parameters were normal; she was on oral contraception and was vaccinated for hepatitis B. She...
Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among patients attending public and private health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya
March 2013
For maximum suppression of the multiplication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus and subsequent increase in the CD4 cell count, a level of adherence of 95% and above is required among the patients on Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Most patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nairobi are not achieving the optimum adherence level required to maintain treatment efficacy, hence the risk of drug...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive females in Saudi Arabia: Pregnancy and neonatal outcome
March 2013
This study was aimed to describe the demographic, presentation, clinical manifestation, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive females in Saudi Arabia. Special attention was drawn to the outcome of HIV positive pregnant females. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate HIV positive patients who presented to the emergency room and out-patient department in King Abdulaziz University...
Short-term combined exercise training improves the health of HIV-infected patients
March 2013
This study tested the benefits of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (CARET) in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Twenty-three human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and women, predominantly of lower socioeconomic status (SES), were randomly assigned and completed 12 weeks of: (a) standard medical treatment plus CARET or (b) standard medical treatment only. At baseline...
Nurses' level of knowledge on the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), behavior and practices: A survey from Turkish Society
February 2013
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome for which no current treatment or prophylactic vaccine exists. It is caused by a virus called the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Protection against this disease can be provided through a good understanding of the transmission routes. This study was conducted to determine nurses’ level of knowledge on the HIV/AIDS disease. This study was performed as a...
Prevalence and predictors of willingness to care for relatives living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence from women of reproductive age in Nigeria
February 2013
Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitutes threat to human life. Escalating number of HIV/AIDS cases in Nigeria demands for more relatives that will provide care for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Receiving care from relatives provides PLWHA the strength to confront life. Information on Willingness to Provide Care (WPC) for PLWHA is insufficient in...
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and its challenges in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Keffi, Nigeria
February 2013
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is pivotal in reducing viral transmission, preventing viral drug resistance and improving life expectancy of patients. A baseline cross-sectional survey of the level of adherence to ART and its challenges was carried out among adults accessing this service at Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. This was to assess the level of adherence and identify factors...
Effect of premarital sex on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high risk behaviors in women
February 2013
This research aimed to study the effect of premarital sex on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high risk behaviors among women in sub-Saharan Africa. It included 1,393 women randomly selected from the Moshi urban district of northern Tanzania. Participants’ demographic and socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, condom use, number of partners, symptoms of STIs and age at first sex and marriage...
Autonomic dysfunction as a predictor of heart disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
January 2013
The purpose of this study was to test the presence of Autonomic Dysfunction (AD) in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 30 HIV (study) and non HIV (control) patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent five different established methods for detection of autonomic dysfunction. Amongst the five tests employed, there was a statistical difference in 4/5 tests between the two groups. The HIV...
Randomized control trial to evaluate yoga-based peer support group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive Zambian adolescents
January 2013
It has been shown that Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents are more vulnerable to behavioural problems than non-infected adolescents and stress compromises immune function. There is some evidence that yoga and peer support benefits mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 10-week programme of peer support and yoga on the psychological well being of HIV positive Zambian...
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