August 2014
Toxicological and residual effect of Deltamethrin and Chlorpyrifos against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae)
The toxicological and residual properties of two insecticidal agents, Deltamethrin and Chlorpyrifos were evaluated against the German cockroach, Blatella germanica in laboratory bioassay. The insecticides were diluted in both aqueous and oil-based solvents and tested against the roaches in pre-determined concentrations and untreated control. Experimental cages were either completely sealed after exposure or perforated...
August 2014
Susceptibility test of female anopheles mosquitoes to ten insecticides for indoor residual spraying (IRS) baseline data collection in Northeastern Nigeria
Malaria is a major public health problem in Nigeria, accounting for about 60% of all outpatient attendances and 30% of all hospital admissions. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) was scaled up in Nigeria to supplement long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) for malaria vector control. The success of IRS partly defends on the susceptibility of local anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides. The WHO standard...
July 2014
Biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane in Bacita, Nigeria
Plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane have been variously reported to be associated with decline in sugarcane production. A field survey of the sugarcane plantation at Bacita, Nigeria was conducted to identify the diverse nematode species associated with the soils and roots of sugarcane and to determine their population densities on the field. Twelve species of plant-parasitic nematodes were found in association with...
July 2014
Biology of the mealy bug, Rhizoecus amorphophalli infesting tubers of major aroids
The present study was carried out to trace the life cycle of mealy bug, Rhizoecus amorphophalli on three different hosts including elephant foot yam, taro and tannia tubers. Investigation revealed that the mealy bug reproduces sexually and the adult female secretes an egg sac of white waxy substance in which eggs were laid. Female nymph moult normally, but male instar produces a cottony puparium around its body and form...
June 2014
Effects of different agricultural wastes and botanical on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
The effect of agricultural wastes and a botanical on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) was investigated in pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with five treatments each replicated five times. The treatments included: sawdust, oil palm sludge, cassava peels, bitter leaf powder, carbofuran plus untreated control. All the treatments...
June 2014
Comparative biological parameters of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on fruit bearing vegetable crop plants
Ecology of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn., has been studied extensively in the recent past and a varying response was observed on different host plants. The degree of this variation is because of type of host plant combination. The present investigation was conducted to find out the comparative age specific survival, mortality and life table parameters in presence of four major fruit bearing vegetables that is brinjal...
May 2014
Incidence of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in black pepper in Karnataka
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) known as “King of Spices” is one of the important spice crops of India. It is affected by fungi, bacteria, phytoplasma, plant parasitic nematodes and phanerogamic parasites. Among plant parasitic nematodes, root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the important limiting factors in production and productivity of black pepper in various districts of Karnataka. Further,...
March 2014
Mosquito vector survey in Guwahati city of Assam, India
Mosquitoes of the family Culicidae are distributed worldwide and comprise about 3500 species. The diversity of the mosquito species varies among different geographical regions of the world. Assam is situated in the subtropical region with fluctuation in temperature in different seasons and heavy rainfall occurs in a particular period. So, mosquito vector surveys were conducted in different seasons to identify the...
February 2014
Aleytrap: An instrumentation to handle adult whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius
Whiteflies are fast flying, minute insects in the suborder Homoptera of the Hemiptera; family Aleyrodidae. They are reported to transmit viral diseases in various, economically important agricultural crops. Based on their small size (average wing spans of about 3 mm), whiteflies are difficult to count on plants or capture through insect nets and other tools. Therefore, we developed a feasible and effective method to...
February 2014
Effect of different concentrations of Eriobotrya japonica extract on control of infection by Meloidogyne incognita and Cephalobus litoralis
This study discusses and developed methods for obtaining plant extracts/pure compounds and its usages as a nematicidal agent. Freshly hatched second-stage juveniles of two nematode species, Meloidogyne incognita and Cephalobus litoralis were used. A bioassay guided isolation of the extract, fractions and pure compounds were done for their nematicidal activity at different concentrations in comparison with Azadirachta...
February 2014
Description of a new species of insect parasitic nematode, Leidynema (Schwenck, in Travassos 1929) (Thelastomatidae) from host Periplaneta americana of Meerut region - India
Three different types of insect parasitic nematodes namely - Leidynema, Thelastoma and Hammerschmidtiella, were collected from hind gut of host Periplaneta americana. The new species - Leidynema meerutensis sp. nov., is characterized with its females having a typical corpus broader at posterior and an enlarged blind intestinal diverticulum, females with unequally disposed lateral alae with posteriorly directed terminal...
January 2014
Distribution and impact of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeastern Ethiopia
An assessment was done during the long and short rainy cropping seasons of 2010/2011 across different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) with the objective of determining the distribution, species composition and damage levels of important stem borer species in North-eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 21 localities of six districts, four fields in each locality, and a total of 84 fields were assessed. Busseola fusca...
January 2014
Seasonal variation of Ace-1R mutation in Anopheles gambiae s. l. populations from Atacora region in Benin, West Africa
The spread of Ace-1R mutation that confers carbamate and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. is a critical issue for malaria vector control. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of the Ace-1R mutation in A. gambiae s. l populations. The mosquitoes analyzed were collected by human landing catches (HLC) in five districts in the department of Atacora from May 2011 to June 2013....
December 2013
Evaluation of predation potential of coccinellids on cassava whiteflies
Two whitefly species namely Bemisia tabaci and Aleurodicus dispersus are common cassava pests in Kenya. As direct feeders on the phloem contents and vectors of viruses, whiteflies cause significant damage to the cassava crop in Kenya. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of coccinellidae beetles (Chelomenes vicina, Diomers flavipes, Diomers Hottentota, and Coccinella septempunctata) as predators of whiteflies....
December 2013
Investigation of fleas as vectors in the transmission of plague during a quiescent period in North-Eastern, Tanzania
Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, is normally transmitted to animals by infective flea-bites. Fleas associated with rodents, cats, dogs and other small mammals are considered important for the maintenance and transmission of the bacterium. Therefore, a study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Y. pestis in fleas of North-Eastern Tanzania during a quiescent period. House rodents were trapped with...
October 2013
Laboratory assessment of insecticidal properties of Tagetes minuta crude extracts against Brevicoryne brassicae on cabbage
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae is one of the most serious insect pests of cabbage in Lesotho. Chemical insecticides for efficient control of this pest are often unaffordable for resource-poor farmers. As a first step in a search for effective pest management techniques that can be affordable and easily available to these farmers, the aphicidal activities of Tagetes minuta crude extracts were evaluated against...
October 2013
Effect of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) infestation on temperature profiles of date palm tree
This study aimed at identifying the impact of red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier infestation on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera) in terms of internal temperature changes compared to ambient atmospheric air temperature. Adult weevils as well as sensors of electronic data loggers were introduced inside date palm trees through holes drilled in the tree trunks for measuring internal temperatures...
August 2013
Resources partitioning and different foraging behavior is the basis for the coexistence of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) and Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) flower
Indonesia is considered as main producer of oil palm. Oil palm production depends on the pollination process of its flowers. Observation on Indonesian local oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantation showed the coexistence between introduced pollinator, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, and native pollinator Thrips hawaiiensis. In order to find the factors responsible for this coexistence, observation...
August 2013
Ecology and field biology of the sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia
Studies on sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta) were conducted under field conditions for two consecutive years (2005 to 2006) to determine the biology and ecology of the beetle. On average, oviposition rate by a single female was 1.28 eggs per day over a period of 11 days. In general, eggs hatched within 4 to 22 days with a mean of 15.7 days, after which larval and pupal stages lasted a mean of 59.8 and 18.3...
July 2013
Estimation of Pelargonium sidoides root damage by Meloidogyne spp.
Pelargonium sidoides is a medicinal plant species indigenous to Southern Africa. Its roots are used for treating a variety of ailments in man and livestock. It is in great demand by local users and international pharmaceutical producers. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne species, penetrate into the roots of plants in search of food and for reproduction locations, resulting in the formation of...
July 2013
Biodiversity of Drosophila in three different altitudes of Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats
Post monsoon studies were conducted to analyze the altitudinal variation in a population ofDrosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary belonging to the Western Ghats of Coorg district, Karnataka State, India. A total of 4636 Drosophila flies belonging to 8 species of 3 subgenera were collected at altitudes of 800, 900 and 1000 m. The subgenusSophophora was...
July 2013
Gamma irradiation effects on larvae of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) (Lepidoptera-Pyralidae)
July 2013
Evaluation of insecticidal activities of Mentha piperita and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils against house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
The essential oils of peppermint, Mentha piperita and lavender, Lavandula angustifolia were tested for their larvicidal and pupicidal activities against the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). The effects of the two lethal concentrations LC50 and LC75 on the larval duration, pupation percent, pupal duration and adult emergence were also determined. In...
July 2013
Interaction of extract of Solanum verbascifolium (Solanaceae) with Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on Rhipicephalus microplus mortality (Acari: Ixodidae)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of a plant extract (Solanum verbascifolium) and a strain of Metarhizium anisopliae selected for its virulence towardsRhipicephalus microplus. The treatments used were 1000, 10 000, 20 000 and 30 000 ppm dilutions of an aqueous extract of S. verbascifolium plus M. anisopliae (1 x 108 con/ml). S....
June 2013
Laboratory bioassay of selected plant extracts for the control of brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Laboratory bioassays were conducted on five-selected aqueous plant extracts for contact toxicity and residual action on the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis. The extracts wereMangifera indica (leaf), Anacardium occidentale (leaf), Ocimiun gratissimun (leaf), Azadirachta indica (stem bark) and Acalypha wilkesiana (leaf). Leaf extracts of M....
June 2013
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of earthworm paste of Lumbricus rubellus (red worm) and Eudrilus eugenia (African night crawler)
Earthworm paste (EP) has many therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Antioxidant properties of the earthworm paste extract may attribute to high phenolic compounds. This study involved quantification of phenolic compounds and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of earthworm paste (EP) from Lumbricus rubellus (red worm)...
May 2013
Isolation and structure determination of nematicidal iridoid sweroside from Alstonia scholaris
The methanol extract of aerial parts of Alstonia scholaris (sapthaparna) was found to possess good nematicidal activity against the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The active nematicidal compound was isolated from the methanol extract by column chromatographic techniques and purified by TLC. Chemical structure was determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be that...
May 2013
A new species of genus Squamigera (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from the Mayan ruins of Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico
Due to the difficulty in collecting specimens, the genus Squamigera (Insecta: Nicoletiidae: Cubacubaninae) remains one of the least studied groups of the American nicoletiid insects. before this investigation, only six specimens were available for study. Furthermore, previous assessments of its phylogenetic relationship within the Cubacubaninae used incomplete 16S rRNA sequences that had...
March 2013
Infection, colonization and extrusion of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) in pupae of Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
The strains MT and E9 of Metarhizium anisopliae were found to be effective in causing the morphological changes in pupae of Diatraea saccharalis of different ages. However, during the treatment with the two strains, it was observed that there was a decrease in the longevity of old pupae and adults that emerged from old and young pupae. The adults that emerged died 24 h later and were...
March 2013
Lepidoptera fauna in Akdağmadeni region of Yozgat, Turkey
The histories of the researches on the Lepidoptera of Yozgat are given. This study was carried out in Akdağlar located in Akdağmadeni district (Yozgat, Turkey), during the years 1999 to 2000. The study aimed to collect data on Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea species, their distribution and current status. Butterflies samples were caught with sweep nets from 43 localities during the field work. 121 species...
December 2012
Trichoderma harzianum reduces population of Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions
Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1306 was assessed for its potential biological control against Meloidogyne incognita race 4 under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro, we noticed 64% of conidial attachment on eggs and second-stage juvenile immobilized by the fungus. In greenhouse, cucumber plants were treated with different concentrations of conidial suspensions...
December 2012
Indigenous knowledge of termite control: A case study of five farming communities in Gushegu District of Northern Ghana
The study was conducted in five communities selected at random in the Gushegu-Karaga district of northern region of Ghana. The objective was to identify suitable and sustainable indigenous methods adopted by resource poor farmers for termite control. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 20 farmers in each of the selected communities who practiced indigenous termite control methods. A total of...
August 2012
Seasonal variation in the prevalence of malaria and vector species in Northern Namibia
The prevalence of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum and the abundance of malaria vector species were studied in selected areas of northern Namibia during the wet and the dry seasons. Female mosquitoes were collected using exit window traps. Blood smears were prepared and body temperatures recorded from suspected malaria patients in order to determine the prevalence of malaria parasites...
August 2012
Virulence of Beauveria bassiana against Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) at different time periods of application
The virulence of Beauveria bassiana to overwintering Sunn pest adults was determined in the laboratory using micro-application techniques. Five microliter of 2 × 103, 2 × 104, 2 × 105, 2 × 106, 1 × 107, 2 × 107, 1 × 108 conidia/ml-1 were used in November, January and March. Applications were made to the mesosternum of adults. Mortality was...
July 2012
A study on fat body cells ultrastructure in female camel tick (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum)
The female tick’s Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum fat body consists of cell strips suspended in the haemolymph but circumference was stuck around the tracheal tranks, midgut and reproductive system. The rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (RER) occupies a large area in the cell cytoplasm and appears to develop quickly after ticks’ blood feeding, and lipid droplets associated with...
July 2012
Records of the genus Camptothlipsis Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species
This paper gives a detailed description of Camptothlipsis arabica sp. nov., (Hym., Braconidae, Agathidinae) is described in Saudi Arabia. The diagnostic morphological characters of the new species are outlined and they are compared with those of the related species. This paper is the first report given of the genus Camptothlipsis Enderlein in Saudi Arabia. Key...
May 2012
The influence of trichome characters of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) on oviposition preference of soybean pod borer Etiella zinckenella Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Indonesia
Study of oviposition behavior of Etiella zinckenella Treitschke on several Indonesian localcultivars of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill was conducted with multiple choice and no choice tests. This study confirmed that sequence of eggs oviposition of E. zinckenella on tropical region does not differ with other results on non-tropical region. Total number...
May 2012
Biodiversity of spiders’ fauna in the Frontier Region, Peshawar, Pakistan
Spiders can survive in most environments and are polypagous; therefore, they have great biodiversity. To explore spider fauna of Frontier Region (FR) Peshawar, in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, 23 species of spiders belonging to 15 genera and 9 families were collected and identified from April to September 09, 2010. The identified families were 4% each for...
February 2012
Communal evaluation of Intestinal Helminthes in some Guineaworm-Controlled Communities in Ogun State, Nigeria
he public health concern for intestinal helminthes emphasizes the need for assessment to reduce the burden of diseases. The study which was conducted from July 2008 to February 2009 evaluates the impact of health education on the prevalence of intestinal helminthes. Stool samples from 93 males and 125 females (5 years of age and above) were collected asepticallyfrom respondents in guinea worm-controlled...
February 2012
Efficacy of different benzimidazole derivatives on microsporidiosis of lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Six benzimidazole derivatives viz., Metronidazole, Albendazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Mebendazole and Satinidazole at three concentrations (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%) were screened against microsporidiosis of Lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori in vitro and in vivo. All drugs were found significantly effective in minimizing the microsporidiosis. Further more, mebendazole were...
January 2012
Evaluation of new molecules against scarlet mite, Raoiella indica Hirst in arecanut
Scarlet mite Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an important sucking pest on young arecanut palms during dry weather in areca growing tracts. The registered insecticides that provide adequate control of the pests need repeated application in higher doses which result in adverse effects on the environment and health. In order to circumvent the problems, replacement of conventional...
January 2012
Retracted: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) clashes with honeybees
Apiculture has developed into an important industry in India as honey and bee-wax have become common products. Besides, honey bees do great environmental service by pollinating flowers. Bee keeping proves worthwhile from a monetary point of view as honey and wax command rewarding profits. In an average colony, there may be between 20000 to 31000 bees consisting normally of a queen and a few hundred drone. 90% of the...
September 2011
The role of cockroaches and flies in mechanical transmission of medical important parasites
Arthropods can be found on human or animals as ecto-parasites. Vectors can contaminate stored foods and transmit illness, or introduce diseases in new areas. Pet species facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestation were identified. To determine the possible role of insects in dissemination of medically important parasites, study was carried out in residential areas of...
September 2011
Density-dependent phenotypic plasticity in body coloration and morphometry and its transgenerational changes in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria
Migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera, Acrididae) changes phase in response to population density. By rearing nymphs from a solitarious (isolated-reared) and gregarious line at three different densities, we examined the effects of rearing density on body coloration and morphometry at the last nymphal instar, adult stage and hatchlings of the subsequent generation. Changes in density lead...
September 2011
Bio-efficacy of synthetic chemicals, botanicals and microbial derivatives against scale insect Coccus hesperidum Linn. in arecanut
Ignorance of plant protection in areca palms at early stages can cause considerable loss from the sucking pests, particularly, Coccus hesperidum Linn. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) during unfavorable weather conditions. In order to overcome this, replicated field trials at five different locations were conducted during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Synthetic chemicals (chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 2.5 ml/l, endosulfan...
August 2011
Quantitative survey of stored products mites infesting wheat flour in Jeddah Governorate
In this study, a faunistic survey of mites was conducted in different product stores such as bakeries, warehouses, mills, department stores and houses during a nine month study period (October 2009 to June 2010), in Jeddah governorate. The survey was carried out on wheat flour as different samples 150 gm each were collected monthly from three regions; North, Middle and South. The results of the current study...
August 2011
Botanicals for the management of insect pests in organic vegetable production
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacies of some botanical products on insect populations associated with two vegetables; Eggplant and Okra. Two field experiments were conducted on-station at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi, and on-farm at Eatwell farm at Agona-Mampong all in the Ashanti region of Ghana from December 2009 to March 2010 and September to December 2010,...
July 2011
Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to the red-legged tick, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi
Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is an economically-important tick of livestock in Africa mainly due to its ability to transmit Babesia equi to horses, Anaplasma marginale to cattle and to cause paralysis in lambs, adult sheep and calves. This study investigated the pathogenicity and hence the bio-control potential of Metarhizium anisopliae to eggs and all other off-host stages...
July 2011
Pseudomonas fluorescens as an efficient entomopathogen against Oligonychus coffeae Nietner (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting tea
The biocontrol efficacy of the bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens was evaluated against the red spider mite (RSM), Oligonychus coffeae in laboratory. Both bacterial suspension and extra cellular filtrate of 24, 48 and 72 h old were sprayed to test the efficacy of bacterium against adult mites. The mortality due to P. fluorescens increased as the age and percentage of culture...
April 2011
Assessment of Drosophila diversity during monsoon season
Two months survey was conducted to analyze the altitudinal variation in diversity ofDrosophila in Chamundi hill of Mysore, Karnataka state, India. Drosophila flies belonging to 15 species were collected from 680, 780, 880 and 980 m altitudes. The species diversity according to the biodiversity indices was very high in 680 m compare to other higher altitudes. Key...
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