The influence of malaria infection on kidney and liver function in children in Akoko area of Ondo state, Nigeria
September 2015
Renal and hepatic dysfunctions are part of the pathological effect of malaria infection common in children and pregnant women. Renal dysfunction is characterized by increase in creatinine, urea, and some of the electrolytes in the serum, while hepatic dysfunction is characterized by increase in liver enzyme activities.Two hundred and seventy children (age ranged 0 to 5 years) were recruited into this study. Malaria...
Assessment of the evolution of malaria and intestinal helminthes infections from 1983 to 2014 in the Hevecam agroindustrial complex, south region of Cameroon
August 2015
Man-made development projects have usually been pointed to significantly influence the epidemiological features of communicable parasitic diseases in sub-Saharan countries as a result of anthropogenic environmental changes. This study aimed to assess the current health status of dwellers of the Hevecam agroindustrial complex established after rainforest deforestation in Southern Cameroon, and to monitor its evolution...
Molecular differentiation of Entamoeba Spp. isolated from Cameroonian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and uninfected patient
August 2015
Entamoeba histolytica is an utmost important cause of dysentery. Entamoeba spp. has been frequently reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. Routine microscopic examination of stool sample is a most widely used technique but microscopy alone has low sensitivity and it is insufficient for differentiation among Entamoeba spp. Molecular techniques are newer methods which are currently used for...
Effect of the larval habitat depth on the fitness of the malaria-vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s. s.
August 2015
This work was carried out with the aim to evaluate the impact of the lodging depth of Anopheles gambiae larvae on life features that characterize the population’s fitness of this significant vector of human malaria. The study noted that depth is a significant factor that can considerably influence dynamics of the A. gambiae populations. Thus, on one hand depth increases the duration of larval stages from 8.16 days...
Molecular xenomonitoring of trypanosomes in tsetse flies
July 2015
Monitoring trypanosomes infections in wild-caught tsetse flies in a given area, is important in prediction of epidemic outbreaks and spread of disease, and could help focus control programs for areas requiring immediate attention in order to limit disease transmission and spread. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the recently developed RIME LAMP and PanTryp LAMP for screening large numbers of tsetse flies...
Parasitic occurrence in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii from coastal West Bengal, India
July 2015
In recent years, culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is expanding in India and West Bengal state in particular, due to its relatively fast growth rate, high market price and export demand. However, the detail study on parasitic diseases has received less attention on cultivable M. rosenbergii compared to the penaied prawns. The present parasitic survey on M. rosenbergii from coastal West Bengal state in India...
Parasites in the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae from farmed and natural stocks in the Bay of Camamu, Bahia, northeastern Brazil
July 2015
This study investigated parasites in the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae from a farmed and a natural stock in the Bay of Camamu, Bahia, Brazil. Samples were taken in October and November, 2012 and in January, 2013. 300 oysters were fixed in Davidson’s solution and processed by means of conventional histological techniques, and were examined under an optical microscope. The following parasites were associated with...
Prevalence and impact of bovine trypanosomiasis in Mayo Rey division, a Soudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon
June 2015
For several years, pastoralists in Mayo Rey division have reported the presence of trypanosomiasis within their herds, and have used trypanocides in the complete absence of laboratory diagnosis. This present study aimed to establish the prevalence of trypanosomiasis and its impact on local cattle. A parasitological survey was carried out in 24 herds for a total of 270 cattle selected and followed-up for a period of one...
A survey of common gut helminth of goats slaughtered at Ankpa abattoir, Kogi State, Nigeria
June 2015
The survey of common gut helminth of goat in Ankpa Local Government Area (L.G.A), Kogi State was carried out between August, 2013 and November, 2013. Faecal samples of 248 goats were collected from Ankpa abattoir, and screened using floatation and sedimentation methods in the Biological Sciences Laboratory, Kogi State University, Anyigba. The result revealed that out of 62 samples of adult males examined, 47 were...
Culicid forms distribution and breeding sites in Nsukka ecological zone of South Eastern Nigeria
June 2015
The culicid forms distribution and breeding sites in Nsukka ecological zone of south eastern Nigeria were investigated in four hundred and fifty eight (458) oviposition sites between October and December, 2010. Soup ladle dipper method was used in larvae/pupae collection while the environmental parameters were determined in situ using field meter. Anova were used to investigate the association between the...
Effects of treatment with fraction IV extract of Ximenia americana on the survival rate, packed cell volume and total plasma proteins of Trypanosoma congolense infected mice
June 2015
The effect of treatment with fraction IV extract of Ximenia americana on the survival rate, packed cell volume and total plasma proteins of Trypanosoma congolense infected mice was investigated. Following infection with 104 T. congolense, the mice were treated with 25 mg/kg body weight fraction IV extract and 20 mg/kg body weight Diminazene aceturate, respectively, while a group was left untreated. Parasitaemia,...
A review on trypanocidal drug resistance in Ethiopia
May 2015
Trypanosomosis is a major constraint to livestock production in sub Saharan Africa. The distribution of the disease is influenced by the existence of tsetse and biting flies. Tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis is encountered in many part of Ethiopia. Trypanocidal drugs remain the principal method of animal trypanosomosis control in the country. However, there is growing concern that their future effectiveness may be...
A study on correlation of malaria infection with A, B, O, RH blood group system
May 2015
The aim of this study was to find correlation of malaria infection with A, B, O and Rh blood grouping. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from suspected malaria cases out of which 40 samples were positive and 160 samples were negative for malaria. ABO and Rh blood grouping was done using Eryscreen®. Maximum numbers of malaria positive were seen in blood group ‘O’ positive followed by...
Prevelance of bovine fasciolosis in and around Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
May 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2013 to April, 2014 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in and around Bahir Dar. A total of 384 fecal samples were examined by sedimentation and 124 (32.3%) were found positive for bovine fasciolosis. Risk factors such as site, sex, age, body condition score and breed were taken into consideration. Prevalence differed...
New host record of Abbreviata baltazardi (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the lizard, Laudakia (Agama) nupta in Rawandoz mountains, Kurdistan Region
April 2015
This study investigation represents the first on parasites of the lizard, Laudakia nupta nupta not in Iraq but all over the world. An intestinal nematode, Abbreviata baltazardi has been recovered from the lizard, L. nupta nupta caught from Rawandos mountains in Kurdistan region, Iraq. The main characteristics of this nematode are: mouth with large simple triangular lateral lips armed with one tooth or more, two amphids...
Prevalence of helminthic fauna in wild pigs in comparison with domestic pigs: A study in the adjoining areas of Mudumalai, Anamalai and Sathyamangalam tiger reserves, Tamil Nadu South India
April 2015
Study on endoparasites in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) interfering with agriculture, was carried out in areas adjoining the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anamalai tiger reserve) and Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) of Tamil Nadu state in India during November, 2013 to May, 2014. Ninety faecal samples in total (n=30 of Wild pigs, n=30 of Desi pigs and n=30 Cross bred pigs each of the study areas) were subjected...
Urinary schistosomiasis: Water contact frequency and infectivity among school aged pupil/students in Umukabia Community of Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria
April 2015
A study was conducted among 108 students and pupils of four selected schools in Umukabia Community in Ehime Mbano local government area of Imo State, Nigeria using their activities at Efuru and Okparadibia streams. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on water contact frequency and aetiology of the disease. Schistosoma haematobium ova detection was achieved by the microscopy. Results revealed that...
Prevalence and intensity of phthirapteran ectoparasites infesting Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) (Phthiraptera: Insecta)
March 2015
One hundred Eurasian Collared-Doves were mist netted in district Rampur (India) from 2010 to 2011 and subjected to delousing by fumigation method. Only three phthirapteran species e.g. Columbicola bacillus Giebel, 1866, Coloceras Taschenberg, 1882 and Hohorestiella rampurensis Bansal were recovered. The population characteristics, that is, prevalence, mean intensity, sample mean abundance, and ranges of infestation were...
Study on gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of dogs in Mekelle City Tigray Ethiopia
March 2015
Dog (Canis familiaris) is a domestic animal that maintains close contact with humans and other animals, such that any lack of diagnosis or treatment against certain diseases favours the transmission of zoonotic diseases. A study on gastrointestinal parasites of dogs was conducted from November, 2009 to April, 2010 with the objective of documenting the helminth biodiversity in dogs of Mekelle city. A coprological...
Identification of bovine tick species and their prevalence in and around Sebeta Town, Ethiopia
February 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 in and around Sebeta town to identify different tick species infesting cattle, determine the prevalence and assess the risk factors for infestation. Adult ticks were collected from purposively selected 384 cattle and identified to the species level. Host related risk factors such as age, sex and body conditions were also collected. A total of 1,449...
Effects of biopesticides on developmental stages and longevity of Callosobruchus maculatus in some leguminous grains
February 2015
The study deals with the effects of biopesticides or botanical treatments and a synthetic chemical (pirimiphos methyl) on the developmental stages and longevity of Callosobruchus maculatus in Vegan unguiculata, V. subterranea and Cajanus cajan and to suppress or delay the development of this pest. The biopesticide concentrations were 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and1.0 g per 20 g of each grain and that of synthetic chemical...
Development and evaluation of lateral flow test for the detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies
December 2014
Lateral flow test (LFT) which is based on antibodies raised against the Trypanosoma brucei peptide was evaluated for its analytical sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values in order to assess its utility for surveillance of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies. The diagnostic test agreement of the FLT and microscopy was 91.0% and kappa value of 80.5% at the confidence interval...
Viability loss and ultrastructural changes on protoscolices of human hydatid cysts induced by retinoic acid
December 2014
Surgical removal of intact hydatid cyst is the most effective treatment for hydatid disease. Recurrence of hydatid cyst is mainly due to dissemination of protoscolices (PSCs) rich fluid during the surgical operation. Therefore, preoperative instillation of a scolicidal agent into the cyst is a common practice with adverse side effects of the used drugs. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the physiological mediator of...
Infection prevalence of intestinal helminths and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in selected kebeles of Enderta district, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
November 2014
Lack of sanitary facilities and associated poor personal and environmental hygiene predispose people to the risk of intestinal parasite infections Thus, the objective of this survey was to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among primary school children in selected kebeles of Enderta district, Tigray, northern Ethiopia. A cross sectional parasitological study consisting...
Altered total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during the course of Plasmodium falciparum infection in children
November 2014
Changes of lipid parameter concentrations are observed in patients suffering from malaria. However, there are few data on their evolution during the course of the infection and their relationship with the infection parameters. The levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured during and after uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 122 children. The relationship with the antimalarial drug...
Hard Ticks of Camel in Southern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
October 2014
This cross-sectional study was carried out in Raya Azebo district with the objective of determining the prevalence and species diversity of hard ticks encountered in camels. During the study period, a total of 384 camels were examined and 96.6% of them were found infested with ticks. A total of 15,723 ticks were collected from half body regions of infected camels during the study period. The average tick burden from...
The prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections and associated risk factors among school Children in Lumame town, Northwest, Ethiopia
October 2014
This study was conducted on prevalence of intestinal helminthes infection and their associated risk factors among school children from a rural and a semi urban setting in Lumame town, Northwest, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional parasitological study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal helminthes infection. A total of 402 students’ stool samples were taken and processed...
Co-infection of HIV and malaria parasites in pregnant women attending major ante-natal health facilities in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
September 2014
Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy are the major factors contributing to adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. HIV increases pregnant women’s chances of contracting malaria, increases the risk of developing anaemia, delivering a low birth weight infant and premature delivery. This study was designed to investigate the level of co-infection of malaria parasite and HIV in pregnant women in...
Determination of insecticidal effect (LCD50 and LCD90) of organic fatty acids mixture (C8910+silicone) against malaria vectors
September 2014
Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to several insecticides; thus, there is a critical need for the development of alternative insecticides for use in vector control programs. The mosquito toxicity of a novel insecticide/repellent consisting of medium-chain carbon fatty acids (C8910) was examined. Determination of LCD50 and LCD90 was made against six colony-reared Anopheles species using probit analysis...
Biodiversity and ecology of Culicidae and Simuliidae probable vectors of infectious diseases in villages of the Sanaga mid valley, Cameroon: Influence of the Sanaga River
September 2014
Most riverine villages of the Sanaga river are known endemic for vector-borne diseases. Two cross sectional surveys were set during two seasons in villages of the Sanaga mid valley to identify main Simuliids and mosquitoes genus and species, their specific biotopes and fluctuations of their abundance with respect to distance from the river banks and seasons. The study villages are located close to 5 and 35 km from the...
Prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors for Toxocara canis infection in Nigerian dogs
August 2014
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxocara canis infections in dogs. The study was conducted in three communities in Southwest Nigeria between January, 2011 and February, 2012. Faecal samples (n=474) were processed by modified Kato-Katz procedure. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for T. canis. An overall...
Factors associated with ascariasis among pre-school aged children in Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria
August 2014
The risk factors predisposing children to ascariasis transmission in a peri-urban community of Osun state, Nigeria were investigated from November, 2012 to June, 2013. Preschool children aged 24 to 60 months were tested by faecal examination for Ascaris lumbricoides infection using Kato thick smears after information on personal biodata, access to water supply, sanitation, socio-economic status of their parents, hygiene...
Assessment of insecticide treated bed net possession, proper utilization and the prevalence of malaria, in Dejen Woreda, East Gojam Zone, Ethiopia
July 2014
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Plasmodium species infection and proper utilization of insecticide treated bed nets in Dejen woreda, Amhara Regional State from October to December, 2011 to 2012. The study participants consisted of 403 people selected randomly from rural and Dejen town Kebeles of the Woreda. Examination for malaria parasites was carried out by using light microscope and rapid...
Parasitic contamination on vegetables irrigated with Awash River in selected farms, Eastern Showa, Ethiopia
July 2014
This study was conducted from February, 2013 to April, 2013 to evaluate parasitic contamination of vegetable at Melka Hida and Wonji Gefersa wastewater irrigated vegetable farms that are found in Adama Woreda. A total of 72 vegetables samples were collected from both farms using a random sampling technique. Among all vegetables examined, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were detected in 22.22% (16/72) of spinach (Spinacea...
Challenges of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Ethiopia: Literature review and current status
June 2014
The effect of schistosomiasis on human health is high especially in resource poor countries like Ethiopia. Intestinal schistosomiasis is the major causes of morbidity in most parts of the country. School age children are the vulnerable segments of the population. Lack of sanitation, potable water, environmental modification, health education, mass treatment, awareness and manageable water harvesting programs like...
A comparative study on the prevalence of intestinal helminthes among rural and sub-urban pupils in Gwagwada, Nigeria
June 2014
A comparative study on infection with intestinal helminths among pupils in rural and sub-urban primary schools was carried out in Gwagwada district, Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected from 244 pupils in eight rural and sub-urban public schools and examined for eggs of intestinal helminths using the filtration technique and microscopically examined for intestinal...
Phototropism of sand flies species (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in a rural locality in Central Morocco
May 2014
An inventory of a year was achieved using two traps techniques (light and sticky trap) in Oulad Aid (center of Morocco), a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), to understand better the phototropism of circulating species of the sandflies dominance according to their physiological states (total number of sandflies collected are to be given). The most abundant species were respectively Phlebotomus papatasi (50.52%),...
Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and geo-helminthic infections among patients examined at Workemeda Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia
May 2014
Schistosoma mansoni and geo-helminths are considerable medical and public health problems in Ethiopia. However, information is limited on the epidemiology of these parasitic infections in different areas, it is very important to plan effective prevention and control measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni and geo-helmenthic infections among patients examined at Workmeda...
A preliminary characterization of an invariant 52kDa surface antigen in Trypanosoma evansi that serve as a diagnostic marker
April 2014
The study was carried out to examine the ways that Trypanosoma evansi components interact with the host, by investigating the components of the parasite which acted as antigens during infection, and to study the dynamic of some of these antigens during infection. Such approach could help in identifying new diagnostic reagents, a better understanding of existing diagnostic methods and target antigen for production of...
Study of Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. infections in dairy cattle in Algeria
April 2014
The prevalence of Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp and Eimeria spp. in dairy cattle was studied on sixteen farms in three regions at north-eastern Algeria. 690 fecal samples were collected (330 cows and 360 calves aged 1 day to 12 months), were processed by a concentration technique (to examine them for Giardia spp. cysts and Eimeria spp. oocysts), followed by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining to examine them for...
Dynamics of insecticide resistance and the frequency of kdr mutation in the primary malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in rural villages of Lower Moshi, North Eastern Tanzania
March 2014
The major foci of pyrethroid resistance in 1990 to 2010 were in West and Central African populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles arabiensis has been reported in several countries of East and Central Africa. Four cross-sectional surveys of A. arabiensis in Lower Moshi were conducted in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013 to determine levels of resistance to pyrethroids, organochlorines,...
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay: A real complementary method to World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility test for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors
March 2014
In order to investigate the complementarities between both World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) methods and the specificities of each method useful for the determination of the insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors, larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes were collected from the breeding sites in Littoral department. WHO susceptibility tests were...
Epidemiological significance of major hemoparasites of ruminants in and around Debre-Zeit, Central Ethiopia
February 2014
Prevalence of hemoparasites of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goat) in and around Debre-Zeit was determined using diagnostic records from November, 2010 to April, 2011. A total of 384 blood samples collected from ruminants present in Debre-Zeit town and surrounding peasant associated areas were examined by Giemsa stained, thin blood smears and Diff-quick method for hemoparasite. Packed cell volume (PCV) for each sample...
Parasitological evaluation of potential candidate vaccines in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice
February 2014
This study aims to assess the prophylaxis of different single and combined crude antigens used as candidate vaccines in an experimental model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Cercarial antigen preparation (CAP), soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), soluble egg antigen (SEA) and combined antigens (CAP + SWAP + SEA) against schistosomiasis combined with either Freund’s adjuvant or with Bacillus...
Dynamics of insecticide resistance and effect of synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S.S.S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) and ethacrynic acid (ETAA or EA) on permethrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistance in two Anopheles gambiae s. l. populations from Southern Benin, West Africa
January 2014
Permanet 2.0 distribution was made free in October, 2008 and May, 2009 in Oueme Department. OlysetNet distribution was also made free in July, 2011 throughout the entire country by Beninese National Malaria Control Programme to increase coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). We investigated the dynamics of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from southern Benin and the metabolic resistance...
Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the different extracts against important species of mosquito: Anopheles stephensi
January 2014
The aim of this work was to compare larvicidal activity of insecticidal plants against malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. The larvicidal activity of Lantana camara Linn. and Bauhinia racemosa Lam., extracted in petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate were tested against mosquito larvae of A. stephensi. Late third or early fourth instar larvae were used for the screening. These extracts were used for...
Distribution, abundance and diversity of mosquitoes in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
December 2013
The distribution, abundance and diversity of mosquitoes in Akure, were studied between April, 2012 and March, 2013. Twenty (20) locations randomly distributed across five geographical zones of the city were sampled using sweep nets, aspirators, dippers and pipettes. The habitats sampled include containers, stagnant pools, domestic run-offs and gutters. The larvae collected were preserved in 70% ethanol and identified to...
The effects of oviposition site deprivation up to 40 days on reproductive performance, eggs development, and ovipositional behaviour in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera, Nematocera, Culicidae)
December 2013
The African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, depends on availability of suitable surface water for oviposition. The scarcity of breeding sites that characterizes droughts force gravid mosquitoes to delay oviposition and retain eggs in their ovaries. In laboratory conditions, we explored the possible consequences of preset duration of oviposition delay on reproductive capacity, egg viability, emergence and...
Using health education intervention to improve knowledge and practice of prevention of avian influenza among bird handlers in Sokoto, Nigeria
September 2013
Zoonotic diseases are under-reported in most parts of the world particularly in developing countries. Approximately 75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic which include avian influenza (AI), Lassa fever and toxoplasmosis. The persistence and spread of avian/fatal avian influenza A (A/H5NI) in poultry and people in Asia, Europe and Africa has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to state that the world is now in a...
Efficacy trial on susceptibility of Amblyomma ticks for commonly utilized acaricides in North Gondar
September 2013
Ticks are blood feeding ectoparasites that induce huge production losses in livestock industry and creating serious public health problems in the world. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of commonly used acaricides againstAmblyomma variegatum ticks in North Gondar. The assessment was conducted in laboratory and in the field. For laboratory experiment, adult ticks were collected and exposed to Amitraz...
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