February 2012
A review on the role of Azospirillum in the yield improvement of non leguminous crops
Rise in human population always demands a rapid and sustainable increase in cereal production. As a result nitrogenous fertilizers were used constantly in excess, which resulted in a number of problems such as green house emissions (particularly N2O) and leaching to ground-water. Moreover they are expensive. So long term sustainability in agriculture can only be obtained with the use of low cost fertilizer which should...
February 2012
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli by bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum EC52 in a meat sausage model system
The plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum strain EC52 isolated from poto-poto, an ethnic maize fermented food, showed a good capacity to grow in a meat sausage model system. In meat mixtures, this strain caused strong acidification both in single culture and in coculture with inoculated pathogenic bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. L....
February 2012
Note on epizootic infection for the chronic upper respiratory diseases caused by béta – hemolytic Streptoccocus equi observed on indigenous horses on Dakar’s region in Sénégal
The authors mentioned an epizootic infection for the chronic upper respiratory diseases caused by béta – haemolytic Streptoccocus equi which have affected horses in two localities in Dakar and Rufisque areas (Dakar’s region) in Senegal, during rainy season in 2009. These studies has been done according to clinical aspects and bacteriological and hematological analysis of the samples....
February 2012
Antimicrobial resistance of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae in a hospital of the Brazilian public system
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant bacterial agent that affects the human population with pneumonia. This disease is an important cause of death in the elderly and the children under five years old. In this study, 29 strains of invasive S. pneumoniae were isolated from 29 patients of pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis in the laboratory of the Municipal Hospital in Paulinia, Brazil, from May...
February 2012
Actinomyces pyogenes isolates from Sheep: Biochemical identification and confirmation by molecular method
Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, are animal pathogens, they produce hemolytic exotoxin, pyolysin (PLO) and are opportunistic pathogens of economically important livestock such as dairy, beef cattle and sheep. Samples were collected from pleural fluid of 10 diseased and 10 healthy sheep. Samples were from neighboring village to gazelle breeding center, Riyadh Saud Arabia. The objectives of this study were to...
February 2012
Production of lipase from genetically improved Streptomyces exfoliates LP10 isolated from oil-contaminated soil
Lipases (triacyl glycerol acyl hydrolase) catalyze hydrolysis and syntheses of ester formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids. They have many industrial applications, especially in food and detergent industries. Out of 33 bacterial isolates, a group of 20 bacterial isolates produced lipase enzyme on tributyrin agar and Tween 80 agar media. In liquid medium, the lipase activity was ranged from 1.5 to 6.9 IU/ml....
February 2012
Characterization of bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria and its application as a food preservative
Lactic acid producing bacteria was isolated from Whey. The isolated strain Lactobacillus fermentum KN02 was potent producer of bacteriocins. Bacterioicin produced by the isolate KN02 had a large spectrum of inhibition against food spoilage microorganisms (Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis,Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus...
February 2012
Production and characterization of thermostable laccase from the mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, using submerged fermentation
Laccase production by the white rot fungus, Ganoderma lucidum, was investigated using submerged fermentation, and the laccase was purified and characterized. The effects of variations in the media nutrient composition or culture conditions and characteristics of purified laccase were provided for large scale production or industrial uses of the laccase. Low concentrations of glucose and yeast extract...
February 2012
Exploring the contamination level by biogenic amines in fish samples collected from markets in Thuel – Saudi Arabia
Biogenic amines are formed in some foods, especially fish and fish products as a result of the process of decarboxylation of free amino acids in food. The histamine (scombroid) poisoning arises from ingestion foods containing relatively high levels of histamine and other amines that act as histamine potentiators. Therefore, this study aims to explore the level of contamination by biogenic amines in fish and fish...
February 2012
Characterization of Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum strains in Iran
Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), the bacterial blight of cotton is the most important bacterial disease on cotton which infects all aerial parts of the host. Loss due to this disease was estimated for about 10 to 30% on Iranian native cultivars. During summer season, cotton leaves samples with typical bacterial blight symptoms were collected from cotton fields of Golestan province in 2004. Among...
February 2012
Detecting of Verticillium dahliae on anise seeds using a new seed health testing technique
Verticillium dahliae is a fungal plant pathogen that attacks a wide range of plants including anise causing a wilt disease. The pathogen grows slowly on anise seeds using the standard moist blotter (SMB) or deep-freezing blotter (DFB) methods. In these methods saprophytes and fast growing fungi impair the detection of such slow growing fungi. An attempt was carried out to overcome this problem on anise seeds...
February 2012
Prokaryotic expression and polyclonal antibody production of transactivator Tas for potential application in detection of human foamy virus infection
The human foamy virus (HFV) may pose a risk to humans as an infectious agent. The HFV transactivator Tas plays a critical role as a regulatory factor in viral replication, and potently activates gene expression via the 5' LTRs (long terminal repeats) of HFV. However the anti-Tas antibody currently available can rarely be applied in the investigation and diagnosis of HFV because of its high valence. To better...
February 2012
Identification of Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island (ctxA, OmpW and tcpA) in non - O139 and non - O1 V. cholerae strains isolated from Karun River in Ahvaz, Iran
Vibrio cholerae is a usual inhabitant of the marine environment and causes severe diarrheal disease contaminating thousands of people each year in developing countries. The virulence of Vibrio spp. is regulated by the ctxAB and tcpA genes. These genes are supposed to be exclusively associated with clinical strains of O1 and O139 serogroups. In the present study, we examined the presence of virulence...
February 2012
Risk factors for drug resistant bacterial infections: Hospital based study
The aim of this study is to assess the possible risk factors of patients from whom were isolated microorganisms which were resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics so as to shed light on the measures that should be taken in hospitals and community. These patients were those admitted to Çan secondary care hospital between January, 2009 and November, 2010. The strains isolated from them were evaluated and...
February 2012
Assessment of culturable airborne fungi in a university campus in Hangzhou, southeast China
Airborne fungi, which may adversely affect human health through allergy, infection, and toxicity, are being proposed as a cause of adverse health effects. In this study, a systematic survey on culturable airborne fungi was conducted for one year in four areas of the university campus in Hangzhou, southeast of China: living area (LA), dining area (DA), teaching area (TA), and office area (OA). Results...
December 2012
Oral administration of multiple lactic acid bacteria strains suppressed allergic responses IgE in an ovalbumin-induced allergy BALB/c mouse model
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of probiotics, namely the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines, in vitro and in vivo. Our experimental groups included ten lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains, complex strains, a LAB cell free fraction and a control group. Our models included human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as...
February 2012
Enzymatic remediation of the polluted crude oil by Rhodococcus
A Rhodococcus strain was isolated from the activated sludge in oil field and its enzymatic remediation activity of crude oil was investigated. Potential impact of different levels of crude oil on activities of enzymes (dehydrogenase, catalase, urease and polyphenol oxidase) from this strain was studied after 120 days of continuous application. Enzyme activities were compared with microbial biomass samples and...
February 2012
The relationship between high incidence of deep neck infection and toothbrushing frequency
This study aimed to investigate and compare the frequency of toothbrushing and dental health status between deep neck space infection (DNSI) patients with dental origin and healthy population. 64 participants were included in this study in the form of two groups. The first group consisted of 34 DNSI patients with dental onset, and the second group consisted of 30 participants...
February 2012
Study on occurrence and diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with grapevine rhizosphere in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to be well distributed throughout both hemispheres. These fungi can be isolated from a wide variety of natural habitats and are particularly abundant in cultivated lands. Little work has been carried out regarding their distribution in grapevine fields in Iran especially in west Azerbaijan as important producing area. During the periods from July to September 2008 to...
February 2012
An alternative therapy for post-traumatic endophthalmitis: Preserving capsule and primary intraocular lens implantation combined complete vitrectomy
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether preserving capsule and primary intraocular lens implantation in vitrectomy could influence the therapeutic effect and safety in the treatment of post-traumatic endophthalmitis. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed in this study. A total of 89 patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis that occurred between January 2008 and December...
February 2012
Identification of GyrA mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from poultry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
The quinolone-resistance determining-region of gyrA was polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified and sequenced in seven fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Nalidixic acid MICs ranging 8 to128 µg/ml, ciprofloxacin MICs ranging 8 to 32 µg/ml and levofloxacin MICs ranged from 32 to 64 µg/ml) isolated from poultry that died of septicaemic clinical diseases in...
February 2013
The effect of a continuous mercury stress on mercury reducing community of some characterized acterial strains
Active resistance to the mercuric ion is widely distributed in environmental microbes and results from the action of mercuric reductase. Five mercury resistant bacteria:Escherichia coli Z1, E. coli Z3, Pseudomonas putida Z2, Serratia marcescens Z4 andXanthomonas sp. Z5 were isolated and identified from sludge sample. The presence of mercury resistance determinants was screened by polymerase...
February 2012
In vitro comparison of the effect of shallot extract and chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral pathogens
Chlorhexidine is the most common mouthwash that we can compare the effect of new products with it as a gold standard. This study is designed to compare the effects of shallot extract with chlorhexidine on oral pathogens. The water extract of shallot was mixed with ethyl acetate in 50:50 proportions for a period of 24 h; the upper organic layer was separated and dried in a rotary evaporator, dissolved in methanol and...
February 2012
Low temperature stress effect on wheat cultivars germination
In order to study low temperature stress effect on wheat cultivars germination, an experiment was carried out in the seed technology laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in Ardabil, Iran. It was conducted by factorial design based on complete randomized deign (CRD) with two factor and three replications; content 30 grain per replication. Factor A include three temperature levels (2, 3 and 5°C) and factor B,...
February 2012
Biosorption thermodynamic and kinetic of direct dye from aqueous solutions on bacterial cellulose
In recent years, dyes pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. Biosorption as a biotechnology for removal of dyes pollution from aqueous solutions has been extensively studied and most biosorption research mainly focused on the process kinetics and thermodynamics. Bacterial cellulose is receiving great attention and presently being widely investigated as a new type of cost-efficient...
February 2012
Prevalence of Demodex infection in pet dogs in Southern China
Canine demodicosis caused by ectoparasitic mites in the genus Demodex is a major and common ectoparasitic disease of dogs. However, little is known of the prevalence ofDemodex infection in pet dogs in China. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Demodex infection in pet dogs in Guangzhou, Southern China. A total of 3977 pet dogs admitted to several animal...
February 2012
Extra- and intracellular antimycobacterial activity of Arbutus unedo L.
This study aims to evaluate extra- and intracellullar antimycobacterial activity of Arbutus unedo L. leaves-extracts. We tested the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Arbutus leaves effect against three mycobacteria growth, and showed that aqueous extract and the part I of ethanol extract have a remarkable extracellular antimycobacterial activity. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of the part I...
February 2012
Plant growth promoting capability of Azotobacter as mono and mix culture on Vigna radiata
In the present study mono and mixed culture bacterial combinations of Azotobacter were used to inculcate Vigna radiata seeds. In general, bacterial inoculations (mono and mixed cultures) promoted seed germination, early growth parameters, auxin content, soluble protein content, peroxidase and acid phosphatase activity relative to non-inoculated control seedlings. Increase of (23%) as well as decrease (6.8%) in...
February 2012
Arbuscular mycorrhizas by contact with mycorrhized Stylosanthes guianensis enhance P use efficiency for N2 fixation in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotype Flamingo was inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 and Glomus intraradices by mycorrhizal inoculant or by contact with mycorrhized Stylosanthes guianensis and grown under sufficient versus deficient phosphorus supply after transfer from initial sand culture, for comparing the effects of double inoculation (by contact or by inoculant) on...
February 2012
The effect of clove extract on the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin in fluoroquinolone resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
Multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus cause serious problems worldwide. We have characterized the quinolone resistant mechanisms in clinical isolates of S. aureus and tested their susceptibilities to other classes of antibiotics. Results of this study showed high level of resistance to quinolone in the selected isolates and suggested that resistance is due to mutations...
February 2012
Resistance of β-lactamase–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae to Imipenem with Ompk36 loss
The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in decreased imipenem susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used for homology analysis, and a modified Hodge test was used to detect carbapenemase expression. An ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) synergy test was used to screen for metallo-β-lactamase. An E-test and a conjugation experiment were used to detect...
February 2012
Adoption of soil protection technologies in Iran
Agricultural experts in the Semnan Province in Iran were surveyed in order to explore their perception about the factors influencing the adoption of soil protection technologies by farmers. The total population for this study was 80 experts in the Department of Agriculture in Semnan Province. The data were collected by interviewing the respondents and analyzed by using correlation between the independent...
February 2012
Flagellin promotes propagation of pine wood nematode and its carrying Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A in callus of Pinus thunbergii through inducing cell death
Pine wilt disease (PWD), which is caused by pine wood nematode (PWN),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has become a widespread threat to forests. Recently, more and more researches indicate that bacteria associated with PWN play an important role in pine wilt. We previously found that flagellin secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescensGcM5-1A could cause the death of suspension cells of Pinus thunbergii in vitro,...
February 2012
High prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in subtropical southern China
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) as the main host of Trichomonas gallinaeplays an important role in the spread of T. gallinae, but limited information about the prevalence of T. gallinae in domestic pigeons in China is available. In the present investigation, a total of 319 domestic pigeons on seven commercial farms in Guangdong Province, Southern China were examined microscopically in...
February 2012
Sequence variation in Toxoplasma gondii MIC13 gene among isolates from different hosts and geographical locations
Toxoplasma gondii, an eukaryotic parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, can infect almost any nucleated mammalian and avian cells. Micronemes are sub-cellular organelles of apicomplexan parasites which can secrete microneme proteins (MICs) playing a key role in the invasion process of T. gondii and are potential vaccine candidate molecules against toxoplasmosis. In this work, we examined sequence variation...
February 2012
Nested polymerase chain reaction as a molecular tool for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex recovered from milk samples
The lower sensitivity and specificity, moreover the time required for reporting the results of the traditional methods make them of low value for diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis.Therefore, the purpose of the prospective study was targeted to amplify a 560 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA which is conserved in all Mycobacterium species and 270 bp region nested within the first 16S rRNA and conserved only...
February 2012
Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria from Opuntia ficus-indica mill and their ability to promote plant growth in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Studies on the biodiversity of plants associated microorganisms play an important role in food production. Ficus-tree, Opuntia ficus-indica Mill, are cultivated in many nations worldwide intercropping with other cultures, like cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The objectives of this study were to isolate and determine the diversity of bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria in cacti and their...
February 2012
Prediction of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins by bi-layer support vector machine with multi-features
Much benefit to biology research and drug design, prediction of neurotoxin graduallybecame a necessary and popular task in recent year. In this paper, based on multi-feature extraction strategies from primary sequences and support vector machine, a novel Multi-classifier system named bi-layer support vector machine was proposed to predictpresynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins, and obtained...
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