Influence of duration and temperature of infusion on the heavy metal contents of some groups of tea in Nigeria
October 2023
Consumption of tea has been recommended not only for its taste and aroma but also for its medicinal importance, and these factors may contribute to public health concerns. The physicochemical characteristics of tea groups (green, black, and medicinal tea) were investigated using standard procedures. 2 g of each tea group and type were infused for 10 min at 60 and 80°C, and the extract was digested with a 2:1 mixture...
Major anthocyanin quantification, free radical scavenging properties and structural identification in Cymbopogon giganteus extracts
August 2023
Anthocyanin-based colorants are highly appreciated by the food industry for their lower toxicity. However, in Burkina Faso, very little scientific information is available on potential sources of anthocyanins, despite significant progress in plant studies. This scientific report is the first to focus on anthocyanins of Cymbopogon giganteus from Burkina Faso and aims to valorize them for their use as an alternative to...
Determination of caffeine content of Nensebo coffee beans Southern Ethiopia, using ultra violet-visible (UV/V) is and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods in Ethiopia
June 2023
The main objective of the study was to determine caffeine content of coffee beans (Coffee arabica) collected from Nensebo district, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region using ultra violet-visible and high performance liquid chromatography methods. The coffee beans were purchased from coffee supplying farmers’ cooperatives in Nensebo district (namely Tulu Gola, Habera, Refisa, Nensebo Chebi and Melka Dembi) and local...
Filler characterization, mechanical properties, x-ray diffraction and crosslink density analysis of starch/natural rubber biopolymer composites
June 2023
Starch fillers were extracted from three plant sources namely amora tuber, Tacca lentopeteloides; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas; yam starch, Dioscorea rotundata and their particle size, pH, amylose, and amylopectin percentage decomposition determined accordingly. The starch was introduced into natural rubber in liquid phase (through gelatinization) by the latex compounding method and compounded according to standard...
Physicochemical and nutritional properties of Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels fruits grown in varied microclimates in Kenya
February 2023
Wild fruits contribute significantly to food security, thus becoming an important global discussion. This study evaluated the physicochemical and nutritional properties of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruits from two microclimates in Kenya as essential contributors to the human diet. Analysis was done using standard methodologies including the use of inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometer for...
Nutritional, biochemical and phytochemical characterization of seeds and seed oil of pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima) grown in Malawi
December 2022
Pumpkin is a significant part of dish when in season in Malawi. In this study, the proximate composition, physicochemical and phytochemical properties were determined from pumpkin seed and oil. The Cucurbita maxima seed proximate compositions (%) were dry matter (97.58±0.26), crude protein (32.47±0.15), ash (7.38±0.05), crude fat (46.39±0.06), crude fiber (12.29±0.17) and carbohydrate...
Assessment of proximate and physicochemical properties of crude palm oil from south-west and South-south Nigeria
August 2022
Crude palm oil is most worlds widely used oil, due to its nutritional and economic advantages. The proximate and physicochemical properties of fifty samples from local mills in Southern Nigeria were analyzed to determine their applicability as food and industrial usage applying standard procedures. The obtained results were: Moisture content (1.51 to 2.46%), ash content (0.30 to 0.50%), crude lipids (68.82 to76.77%),...
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in house dust, soil and selected food crops from indoor residual sprayed areas of Apac and Oyam Districts, Uganda
August 2022
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) levels and its metabolites are reported in 75 soil and 75 vegetable samples from the vicinity of homesteads sprayed with DDT during indoor residual spraying (IRS) pilot exercise, carried out in 2008 in Apac and Oyam districts, Uganda as a measure to control malaria. The samples were randomly and conveniently collected in 2020 from selected villages of the districts, extracted using...
Excess refractive indices and validation of mixing rules using binary mixture of methyl laurate + Pentan-2-ol at various temperatures (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15K)
July 2022
Refractive index is a characteristic parameter of fluids with numerous industrial uses. The values of refractive indices of many pure liquids are known or can be found in the literature. However, when experimental values of the liquid mixtures are not available then refractive indices of binary mixtures and multi-component liquids are frequently assessed from the pure constituents using mixing rules. The refractive...
Evaluating the potentials of complexing agents in multi-metal extractions using 4,4´-(1e,1e´)-1,1´-(Ethane-1,2-Diylbis(Azan-1-Yl-1ylidene))Bis(5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1h-Pyrazol-3-Ol) (H2BuEtP)
March 2022
Heavy metals toxicity has led to the continuous study of new and efficient methods for their removal from the environment. Solvent extraction method was used to study the potentials of the auxiliary complexing agents Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Oxalate (C2O42-), Thiocyanate (SCN-) and Tartrate (C4H4O62-) ions in the simultaneous extraction of Cadmium, Iron, Nickel and Lead from aqueous solutions buffered to...
Investigation of transport of glibenclamide drug across micro-pore supported model membrane using electro analytical methods
March 2022
Glibenclamide is a second generation sulfonyl urea compound used as an oral hypoglycemic or anti diabetic agent, a class of drug used to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus. The bilayer lipid membrane systems have been employed extensively as an experimental model of bio membranes. It is of major importance in medical research, particularly in the study of mechanism of a number of life saving therapeutic agents where a lipid...
Synthesis of N-alkyl-3- (1H-benzimidazolyl) -2-chloroquinoline derivatives potential candidates against infectious organisms
July 2021
In the search for new drugs possessing the activities we have sought to synthesize new quinoline derivatives which constitute a basic heterocyclic support of some drugs such as quinine, chloroquine marketed under the name Nivaquine®, Mefloquine®, used in the treatment of malaria. The objective of this work is to contribute to the synthesis of new derivatives of quinoline. It consists in introducing heterocycles...
Analysis of stability of naturally aged single base propellants
March 2021
In this work chemical changes in 42 years old single base propellant induced by natural aging were evaluated. The sample was stored for a long time under uncontrolled conditions. The chemical stability was tested using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), the vacuum stability test (VST), SEM/EDX and visual analysis by Stereo Microscope. Heat flow calorimetry...
Preparation, characterization of raw corncob adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using batch method
October 2020
Corncob adsorbent was prepared through environmental friendly process without any additional chemical treatment. The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffract meter (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pH points zero charge techniques. The XRD diffracted pattern of corncob adsorbent did not shows well-defined sharp peaks instead it shows pumps peaks; this indicates that the diffraction...
Catalytic activity of using tungsten oxide with hydrogen peroxide for methyl orange degradation
October 2020
In this work, a tungsten oxide nanoparticle was developed with a simple method, using tungsten powder. The orthorhombic, hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coupling of these tungsten oxide nano particles with hydrogen peroxide is carried...
Carotenoids identification by HPTLC-MS and vitamin C content of fruits of Saba senegalensis (A. DC) Pichon
July 2020
Saba senegalensis fruits have gained more attention in recent years due to their antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C. This study was designed to identify the main carotenoids from S. senegalensis fruits including phenolics and vitamin C quantifications. Carotenoid profiles from tissues of these fruits have been characterized by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography- mass spectrometry...
Geographical variation in total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in Burkina Faso
July 2020
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sampling location of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Leaves of E. camaldulensis collected at three different locations in Burkina Faso (north, central, south-west) were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain a water extract and subsequent ethanol extraction of the solid residue. The...
Health risk assessment on humans by contamination of heavy metals in some edible crops and fish at Galena mining area of Nahuta, Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria
July 2020
This work investigated the human health risk effects of heavy metal contamination at Galena mining area. 10 elements were identified in both irrigated and wet season edible crops and fish were collected from five sampling locations at Galena mining area. Wet season crops held higher concentrations of heavy metals than irrigated crops. Study showed carcinogenic heavy metals Pb (1.42 E +08), Cd (1.36 E +14), Cr (1.31E...
Evaluation of kinetics and equilibrium studies of biosorption potentials of bamboo stem biomass for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solution
May 2020
The discharged of lead and cadmium above maximum permissible limits into surface water and environment without any pre-treatment methods has caused severe heath challenges to humanity. In other to minimize the reoccurrence, this research aim to ascertain biosorption capacity of bamboo stem biomass to remove lead and cadmium from aqueous solution. Batch experiment and data evaluation under optimum removal conditions...
Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from Musa paradisiaca and Tithonia diversifolia
March 2020
Cellulose is the most abundant biomass in nature with properties that have enabled its application in different industrial processes. Its derivative, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serves as an additive in food and non-food products such as desserts, detergents, paints etc. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from cellulose isolated from three ligno-cellulosic biomass, Tithonia diversifolia...
Phytochemical Profiling of the Hexane fraction of Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore leaves by GC-MS
March 2020
Crassocephalum crepidioides is an edible plant which is also used in the ethnomedical treatment of stomach ulcer, indigestion, wounds, boils and burns in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study aims at identifying and characterizing the bioactive compounds present in C. crepidioides hexane fraction which may be responsible for the ethnomedicinal uses and reported activities of the plant. The crude extract...
Adsorption of chromium by brewers spent grain -g- poly (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) from electroplating effluent
August 2019
Toxic metal ions have lethal effects on all forms of life and these metal ions could enter the food chain when untreated waste effluents are discharged into the environment. In recent years, the use of low-cost adsorbent materials has been widely investigated in search of replacement for the costly methods that are currently used for removing these toxic metal ions from waste streams. In this study, the remediation of...
Determination of chlorogenic acid content in beans and leaves of coffea arabica using UV/Vis spectrometer
August 2019
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the compounds found in coffee beans and other parts of coffee plant. However, its relative content in different coffee plant parts is least researched. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the contents of CGA in coffee leaves and beans. Green coffee beans and leaves were collected from South part of Ethiopia to study the content of CGA using UV/Vis spectrometer with...
Chemical modification of cellulose from palm kernel de-oiled cake to microcrystalline cellulose and its evaluation as a pharmaceutical excipient
July 2019
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. In this research work, microcrystalline cellulose was synthesized from the alpha cellulose content of pretreated palm kernel de-oiled cake. The microcrystalline cellulose from palm kernel cake was obtained through acidified sodium chlorite, sodium hydroxide delignification followed by hydrogen peroxides...
Green sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bridelia micrantha extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity
March 2019
The emergence of drug resistance and multiple drug resistance has necessitated the discovery of novel strategies for development of new generation of antimicrobial agents from natural substances for control of microbial infections. Metal nanoparticles have proven to have antimicrobial properties, but the chemical methods used in their production use hazardous chemicals and nanoparticles produced are unstable. In this...
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of selected Kenyan medicinal plants, sea algae and medicinal wild mushrooms
March 2019
Medicinal plants are good sources of bioactive compounds that guards the body against cancer and chronic ailments. A lot of studies have been done on medicinal values of higher plants but less on marine sources and wild non-edible mushrooms. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic content from selected Kenyan medicinal plants, sea algae and mushrooms. The plants were...
Production and characterization of derived composite biosorbents from animal bone
February 2019
Composite biosorbents were produced from animal bone by carbonization, activation of animal bone char with phosphoric acid and zinc (II) chloride independently, and the obtained activated carbons were separately impregnated on chitosan. The chitosan was produced from chitin, which was extracted from shrimp shell through deminerization, deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Comprehensive characterization studies...
Toxicity studies of African Palmyrah palm (Borassus Aethiopum) shoots
February 2019
The study examined the effect of feeding albino rats with 25, 50, and 75% Palmyrah Palm (Borassus aethiopum) shoots with respect to their body weight, liver and kidney function indices. Standard methods of biochemical analyses were employed using albino rats as the experimental animals. No mortality was observed in the LD50 test throughout the period of 48 h. Rats fed with 25 and 50% B. aethiopum shoots showed a...
Effects of chemical modification on functional and physical properties of African star apple kernel (Chrysophyllum albidnum) starch
January 2019
Starch isolated from Chrysophyllum albidnum (African star apple) was subjected to modification by acetylation, carboxymethylation and succinylation process. Chemical modifications effect on functional properties as well as physiochemical parameters of starch was analysed. The percentage yield of native starch was 73.22±0.93%; however the value increased after modifications. The proximate determination of the...
New method for complete recovery of total cyanide in water and soil and its application at the Samira gold mine (Niger)
November 2018
Cyanide is a very toxic substance, which occurs in various forms in environmental matrices and its determination requires a good extraction method. From the reference method of cyanide distillation by reflux heating under acidic conditions and entrainment of HCN gas collected as CN- ions with detection by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, an improved and complete procedure for total cyanide extraction in aqueous and solid...
Spectrophotmetric evaluation of rotenone extraction from leaves and seeds of mature Tephrosia vogelii plant
September 2018
The percentage yield of rotenone extracted from Tephrosia vogelii leaves and seeds was investigated. Ten samples of well ground leaves and seeds were each subjected to extraction in soxhlet extraction system using trichloromethane, ethanol and methanol solvents for 24 h at room temperature. The maximum absorption wavelength of rotenone was determined using Ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer. Different...
Preliminary characterization of some natural dyes
September 2018
A preliminary study on the chemical structure of dyes from Rothmannia hispidia, Pterocarpus osun and Terminalia superba was made using chemical tests, UV-visible and infrared spectroscopies. R. hispidia dye was found to contain an alkyl amino group (-NHR) and carbon-carbon double bond conjugated with a carbonyl (C = O) group, and also showed maximum absorption at 595 nm in the visible region. P. osun dye contains...
Metakaolin clay-derived geopolymer for recycling of waste cathode ray tube glass
June 2018
Metakaolin clay (MC)-based geopolymer was used to immobilise waste cathode ray tube (CRT) glass as a method of recycling it into other useful products. Effects of CRT glass on the properties of geopolymer and toxicity status were assessed. A Nigerian MC was replaced with different proportions of ground waste CRT glass (0-20%) and alkali-activated to produce geopolymers. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to characterise...
Isolation and characterisation of chemical compounds from the plants, Phytolacca octandra (L.), Phytolacca dodecandra (L'Herit) and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) commonly used to control schistosomiasis transmitting snails in Kenya
June 2018
Schistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic infection globally but more so in sub-Saharan Africa which accounts for about 90% of those seeking treatment globally. Fresh water aquatic snails are intermediate hosts of parasites causing the disease. Niclosamide was approved by the World Health Organization to be the main molluscicide used in the control of the snails. However, many plant species could be used as alternative...
Extraction, purification and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignment of garcinoic acid from Garcinia kola (bitter kola) fruit
May 2018
Continuous extraction of bitter kola nuts, followed by liquid-liquid extraction and flash column chromatography leads to the isolation of garcinoic acid (ï¤-tocotrienoloic acid), as the main lipophilic component in a 0.8% yield of the initial dry weight. This compound, an oxidised member of the vitamin E family, was structurally characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Key words: Vitamin E,...
Potential of blended biomass feedstock from some species of raffia palm (Raffia farinifera, Raffia hookeri and Raffia vinifera) and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) from Cameroon
April 2018
The oil and raffia palm species are indigenous to West and Central Africa, and their exploitation both at industrial and artisanal scale generate important quantities of renewable fibrous biomass that can be converted to high and low value bio-based products. Fibre samples were prepared from three raffia palm species drawn from three locations and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) from an industrial palm oil mill, all...
Multi residue analysis of pesticides in pre and postharvest wheat grains in Misha Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia
March 2018
This study was conducted to assess the presence of pesticides residues in wheat from Misha woreda, Haiya Zone, Ethiopia. Samples of wheat were collected during the period December 2015 to August 2016. Gas chromatograph (GC-MS) detection was employed after Liquid-Liquid extraction (LLE). The concentration levels of eight pesticides have been investigated in both wheat samples in farm and purchased from storage...
Analysis of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of drinking water from selected areas in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
February 2018
Metal contamination in water is a major determinant of water quality. People who consume this water suffer from water borne diseases. There are various natural and anthropological activities at the sample collection site leading to increase in concentration of trace elements in drinking water. Activities like corrosion of metal coated pipes, herbicides, insecticides, ceramic wastes, taking gravel from near water source,...
Anti-bacterial and brine shrimps lethality studies of the essential oils of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth S. More) grown in south west Nigeria
January 2018
Interest in plants’ essential oils has grown recently due to increased use of natural products in medicine and cosmetics. In spite of its long use, there has been little prior study on the bioactivity and toxicity of the essential oils of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth S. More). Thus in this work, the anti-bacterial and brine shrimps’ lethality of the essential oils obtained through hydro-distillation...
Determination of mercury and cadmium levels in omega-3 food supplements available on the Ghanaian market
December 2017
The numerous reputed health benefits of the omega-3s (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), particularly, their cardio-protective effects have led to the manufacture of omega-3 supplements by various pharmaceutical companies resulting in their flooding of the Ghanaian market. Coldwater fishes which are the primary sources of the omega-3 fatty acids are known to have high levels of mercury and...
Atomic force microscopy studies on sulfur-, selenium- and tellurium-based metal chalcogenide thin films: A review
November 2017
Sulfur, selenium and tellurium-based metal chalcogenide films have been prepared using various deposition methods. Investigation of morphological properties of the generated surface structures on chalcogenide thin films using atomic force microscopy technique was reported. The purpose of this work is to describe past important research findings that are related to atomic force microscopy...
Sorption of Cypermethrin from Alfisol and Inceptisol using acidified simulated rainwater in a soil column set-up
July 2017
Cypermethrin is a synthetic, pyrethroid insecticide and used for agricultural practices. The leaching of this pesticide through soil is of great concern because of the possibility of contaminating ground and surface water. The mobility of pesticide in soil being the main environmental reservoir varies among soil orders and the concept is still under investigation. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the...
Comparative evaluation of the antipsoriatic activity of Acalypha wilkesiana, Culcasia scandens with Kigelia africana using the mouse tail model
July 2017
The mouse tail model was used to measure and compare antipsoriatic activity of Acalypha wilkesiana and Culcasia scandens with that of earlier reported Kigelia africana stem methanol extract by the same authors, with the objective of finding out which of these plant extracts can be a better drug option for the treatment of psoriasis. The results obtained showed that topically administered extracts (50-200 mg/ml) induced...
Effect of roasting temperature on the physicochemical properties of Jatropha curcas Kernel oil extracted with cold hexane and hot water
June 2017
The industrial application of a vegetable oil is determined by the oil properties. This work was undertaken to alter the properties of Jatropha curcas Kernel oil and possibly find new applications for it. The seed kernels were roasted to different temperatures (140 to 230°C) and the physicochemical properties of the cold hexane and hot water extracted oils were studied. The oil yield, saponification, iodine, acid...
Quantification of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge by modified-BCR and ultrasound assisted-modified BCR sequential extraction methods
February 2017
Determination of the levels of heavy metals in sewage sludge is necessary prior to application of the sludge to agriculture because of the inherent risk of heavy metal toxicity to soil, plants and humans. The heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in sewage sludge were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following extraction with modified-BCR and ultrasonic assisted-BCR...
Electrochemical and optical band gaps of bimetallic silver-platinum varying metal ratios nanoparticles
January 2017
Simultaneous citrate reduction of various ratios of silver and platinum ions leads to the formation of core-shell nanostructured bimetallics (BM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction XRD data of the BMs depicted crystalline core-shell nanoparticles consisting of Ag core and Pt shell with an average size of 22.2 nm in contrast to the Pt NPs and Ag NPs monometallics average sizes of...
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using biochar prepared from Eichhorrnia crassipes (Water Hyacinth)-molasses composite: Kinetic and equilibrium studies
November 2016
A biochar based adsorbent prepared from Eichhornia crassipes-molasses bio-composite was tested for its ability to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Molasses were used as a granulating media for powdered biomass making it easier to prepare the biochar under set conditions. The Biochar adsorbent was prepared by igniting biomass granules at 400°C. A maximum adsorption capacity of 44.13 mg∙g-1 was achieved...
Copper-paracetamol complexes: Promising lead antibacterial drug candidates
October 2016
Antibiotic resistance by microorganisms has triggered the need to discover new antibiotics to replace the old ones. The study was designed to prepare copper-paracetamol complexes which will serve as lead compounds towards the discovery of novel antibiotics. Copper sulphate was reacted with paracetamol in the presence of sodium nitrate in borate buffer to give products which were separated into three layers when...
Preparation, structural and thermal studies of boroxine adducts having aryl boronic acids and pyrazoles
August 2016
Four new boroxine adducts ((B3O3(Ph)3PzH) (1), (B3O3(Ph)3(PztBu,iPrH)2) (2), (B3O3(PhF2)3PzH). PzH (3) and (B3O3(PhF2)3(PztBu,iPrH)2) (4)) using phenylboronic acid, 3,5-difluorophenylboronic acid, 1H-pyrazole (PzH) and 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropyl pyrazole (PztBu,iPrH) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic study reveals that PzH and PztBu,iPrH are...
Photocatalytic activity of nanopolyaniline (NPA) on phenol degradation
July 2016
Nanopolyaniline (NPA) has been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and characterized using Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultra-violet visible techniques. XRD patterns confirm that NPA has crystallite size of 37 nm with monoclinic structure and UV-visible spectra indicate its band gap energy is 1.96 electron volts. Photocatalytic efficiency of as-synthesized NPA...
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