Studies on urea treated rice milling waste and its application as animal feed
February 2014
The composition of urea treated rice milling waste and its application as animal feed was studied. The proximate analysis of the urea treated rice milling waste showed that it contained 94.90% dry matter, 10.38% crude protein, 5.89% crude fibre, 0.16% ether extract, 7.47% ash, and 54.81% nitrogen-free extracts. The untreated rice milling waste contained 94.34% dry matter, 9.11% crude protein, 6.37% crude fibre, 0.18%...
Preconcentration of Cd(II) by chemically converted graphene sheets adsorbed on surfactant- coated C18 before determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
January 2014
A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) in water samples is presented. A novel chemically converted graphene sheets (CCG) solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by CCG sheets. The stability of a CCG especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and preconcentration reagent for further uses of CCG. The method is...
Inhibition of mild steel corrosion using Juniperus plants as green inhibitior
January 2014
The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4 solution in the presence of Juniperus plant at a temperature range of 30 to 60°C was studied using chemical (HE and WL) and electrochemical (PDP and EIS) methods. The Juniperus plant acts as an inhibitor in the acid environment. The inhibition efficiency increases with increase in inhibitor concentration but decreases with an increase in temperature. The...
Didecanoate compound: Isolated from Momordica charantia Linn. seeds from Nigeria
November 2013
The seeds of Momordica charantia were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol successively by percolation and concentrated at 37°C. Fractions 19-21 and 247 gave two compounds. However, only one has been elucidated to be 4a-phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate using the state- of –art- tools of spectrometry. The phytochemical screening of seeds of M. charantia showed the presence of...
Microstructure contradistinction for indirect/direct desulfurization product layer of limestone particle in coal-fired flue gas
November 2013
The micro morphology of limestone sorbent is a key for improving the SO2 removal efficiency in the coal-fired power plant. The tube furnace system was built for imitating the indirect desulfurization reaction in traditional boiler atmosphere (65%N2, 15%CO2, 4.7%O2, 15%H2O, 0.3%SO2) and the direct desulfurization reaction in oxygen-fired atmosphere (80%CO2, 4.7%O2, 15%H2O, 0.3%SO2). The reacted limestone particle samples...
Extraction and separation of Ni(II) from by functionalized graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin (GO–H2NP) adsorbed on surfactant coated C18
November 2013
A novel, simple, sensitive and effective method has been developed for preconcentration of Ni (II) on functionalized Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin (GO–H2NP) solid-phase extraction adsorbent. The stability of a chemical (GO–H2NP), especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid, was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent. The method is based on selective chelation of Ni(II) on...
Potentials of Nigerian calcined kaolin as paint pigment
November 2013
Pigment is one of the main components in paint formulation which is dominated with the use of titanium dioxide, due primarily to three important physical characteristics; which are high refractive index, high opacity and chemical inertness. However, due to increasing demand of this important pigment and the attendant increase in price, it has become imperative to develop cheaper alternative source with similar...
Phytochemicals, anti-microbial and free radical scavenging activities of Momordica charantia Linn (Palisota Reichb) seeds
November 2013
Extractives from the seeds of Momordica charantia Linn were screened for phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-microbial activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidedermis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. The phytochemical screening of Momordica charantia seeds showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, fat and oil in hexane, ethyl acetate and...
Corrosion inhibition of Aluminum in 1 M phosphoric acid solutions using some Chalcones derivatives and synergistic action with halide ions
November 2013
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibition effect of some Chalcone derivatives on the corrosion behavior of aluminum in 1 M phosphoric acid solutions with and without Chalcone derivatives and to investigate the influence of halide additives namely: KCl, KBr and KI on the inhibition efficiency of aluminum. For this purpose, polarization (DC) and weight loss measurements were used. To increase the...
Status and distributions of pesticides buried at five sites in Arusha and Mbeya regions, Tanzania
November 2013
This study investigated the compositions and distributions of pesticides buried at five sites in Tanzania. Samples were collected from various depths up to 220 cm. The analytes in samples were extracted by pressurized fluid extraction. Labelled internal standards were used for identification and quantification. Clean-up of extracts was conducted by using column chromatographic techniques. Determination of the analytes...
Aqueous extract of propolis as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in aqueous solutions
October 2013
The inhibition efficiency of aqueous extract of propolis on the corrosion of carbon steel in 35 ppm aluminum sulfate and 10 ppm chloride solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical measurements. The corrosion rate of carbon steel and the inhibition efficiency of the propolis were calculated. The results obtained showed that propolis could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of...
Eco-friendly chalcones derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution
October 2013
The inhibiting effect of some chalcones derivatives on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl was studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration, while it decreases with increasing the...
Electronic and steric effects in the control of the Anilinium chloride catalyzed condensation reaction between Aldones and 4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide
September 2013
A concise series of aldehydes and ketones were reacted in a condensation reaction with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide in order to assess the relative influence of the steric and electronic effects in the control of this reaction. While steric effects had a modest impact, electronic effects and in particular the mesomeric donating effect delivered by a phenyl ring produced a strong passivating influence on the...
Assessment of dissolved manganese (II) pollution in river water by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry: A case study of River Boubo, Côte d'Ivoire
September 2013
Boubo river and lagoon, south Côte d’Ivoire, are contaminated by manganese released in wastewater from manganese exploitation and from the soil of Grand-Lahou region in Côte d’Ivoire. So, there is a need to develop a simple method for the evaluation of manganese present in natural water. This work reports the utility of rapid and inexpensive method for determination of dissolved...
Chromium, an essential nutrient and pollutant: A review
September 2013
The increased use of chromium (Cr) in several anthropogenic activities has led to the subsequent soil, surface water and ground water contamination. It has wide applications in the dyes, stainless steel, leather tanning, electroplating of chrome, and wood preservatives industries. Chromium exists in the environment in several diverse forms such as Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species. Cr toxicity depends on its...
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra): An in vitro study
September 2013
The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the methanol and hexane extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra) dried fruits were evaluated on forty-one clinical isolates and a standard ATCC 43504 strain by the use of agar well diffusion technique. The methanol extract of A. esculentus showed A. esculentus L. Moench (okra) dried fruit had inhibitory effects against Helicobacter strains; with diameters zone of...
Uvaria chamea root as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solution
August 2013
The corrosion inhibition of mild steel is the subject of tremendous technological importance due to the increased industrial applications of these materials. This study reports the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solution of 0.5 M HCl using root extract of Uvaria chamea by way of gravimetric measurements. It was shown that the presence of U. chamea root extract inhibited the...
Analysis of the levels of arsenic in home-made brews, spirits, in water and raw materials using Hgaas in Nairobi county
August 2013
This study was carried out to determine the levels of arsenic in the home-made brews, home-made spirits, raw materials and water. One hundred and thirty two home - made alcoholic beverages, one hundred and ten water and eighteen raw materials samples obtained from various parts of Nairobi slums and its environs were analyzed for arsenic. The method of analysis was hydride generation atomic absorption...
Investigation of some factors that affect jakura limestone burning
August 2013
Limestone calcination reaction seems to be a very simple and straight-forward reaction. However, there are numerous critical variables that exert profound effect on lime burning operations. The factors and variables that affect the burning of limestones must be considered in the selection, design and optimization of the calcininig equipment. Limestone burning in a vertical kiln often presents complex problems...
Acrylonitrile derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for Cu10Ni alloy in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution
July 2013
Corrosion inhibition of Cu10Ni alloy in 0.5 M HCl solution using acrylonitrile derivatives namely: (E)-2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylthio)-3-(phenylamino)acrylonitrile(a),(E)-2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-3-mercapto-3-(phenylamino)acrylonitrile(b)and(Z)-2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-3 phenylacrylonitrile (c) was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and...
Preconcentration of trace Ni (II) using C18 disks modified cyclodextrin–chitosan/nano graphene oxide
July 2013
A novel, sensitive and effective method has been developed for preconcentration of Ni on C18 disks modified cyclodextrin–chitosan/nano graphene oxide. Simple chemical bonding method to synthesize cyclodextrin–chitosan/nano graphene oxide (CCGO) was reported. The adsorption behaviors of Ni (II) in aqueous solution on CCGO were systematically investigated. The procedure is based on the selective formation...
Sample ion/sample molecule reactions in gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry of polyethylene glycols and polyethylene glycols dimethyl ethers
July 2013
Sample ion/sample molecule (SISM) reactions frequently occur under chemical ionization (CI) conditions with large sample size polar compounds, and are useful in forming MH+ions for molecular weight determination. Studies about the variation of chemical ionization spectra with sample size were made in this report using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS, to observe the relative abundances of the major ions in...
A comparative investigation on the field performance of two mineral diesel engine oil
July 2013
The technique of inductively coupled plasma (ICP), has been employed for monitoring the level of 24 different elements in two equivalent engine oils. Tracing have been made at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, and 6000 km of operation. In the case of both of the oils, the results indicate decreasing as well as increasing trends in concentrations of different elements. The obtained data have been interpreted based on...
Ab-initio and DFT studies of the kinetics, mechanisms and thermodynamics of the gas-phase pyrolysis of ethyl bromide
June 2013
The kinetics, mechanisms, thermodynamics and vibrational studies of the pyrolysis of ethyl bromide in the gas – phase at 623 K was studied using HF at 3-21G, 6-31G* and DFT with B3LYP/6 31G*, 6-311++G (2df, 2p) basis sets. The reaction proved to be a unimolecular reaction and followed a first order rate equation. The Arrhenius parameters, such as log A with HF at 3-21G, 6-31G* = 13.93, 13.86; DFT/B3LYP at 6-31G*,...
The chemical composition of essential oil from the root of Cissampelos owariensis (p.beauv) and free radical scavenging activities of its extracts
June 2013
Air dried root of Cissampelos owariensis (P.Beauv) on steam distillation yielded 0.82% (w/w) of essential oil. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 11 compounds, among which 1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene,1a, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7a, 7b-octahydro-1, 1, 7, 7a-tetramethyl-,(1aR-1aa, 7a, 7aa, 7ba) was found to be the most abundant at 39%. The antioxidant...
Preparation of Cobalt (III) complexes with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane N,N,N’,N’-tetra acetatic acid (CDTA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)
June 2013
The preparation and isolation of complexes trans 1,2 diaminocyclohexane N, N, N’, N’- tetraacetato cobalt (III) [Co(CDTA)] - and ethylenediamine-tetraacetato cobaltate (III) [Co(EDTA)]- by direct oxidation of cobalt (II) with peroxodisulfate ion in the presence of Ag+ ion as a catalyst is being reported. The stoichiometry of the complexes has been confirmed through spectroscopic techniques i.e....
Preconcentration of benzene and phenolic compounds in water sample by adsorption on Carbon nanotubes coated fiber
June 2013
A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of benzene and phenolic compounds (BPC) by the adsorption of its carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The preconcentration of benzene and phenolic compounds (BPC) are ubiquitous pollutants, and many of them are carcinogenic or mutagenic. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a kind of novel and interesting carbon material which can be used for separation and purification. In this...
Quinazolin derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for low carbon steel in 2 M HCl solutions
May 2013
Some quinazoline derivatives such as: 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (CMQ) and 2-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (MNQ) were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 2 M HCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical frequency modulation and weight loss methods were used to study the inhibition action at 30°C....
Determination of some essential minerals in selected edible insects
May 2013
The essential minerals, Cu, Fe, Mg, Co, Zn, Na and K were determined in selected edible insects (Locust, Cricket, Grasshoppers and Termite) using standard analytical method. The result obtained from the study shows that Cu content ranged from 85.5 ± 3.40 mg/kg; Fe from 390.025 ± 31.61 mg/kg; Mg from 1534.84 ± 85.01 mg/kg; Co from 4.35 ± 0.28 mg/kg; Zn from 208.11 ± 63.90 mg/kg;...
Speciation of heavy metals in soil, and their phytoavailability in edible part of Amaranthus hybridus cultivated along major roads in Ile- Ife, Nigeria
May 2013
Heavy metal content in soil and Amaranthus hybridus cultivated on it were determined by speciation method and acid dissolution. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to quantify the metals in the soil and vegetable. The mobilisation of metals from soil to plants as indicated by the metal contents in the soil and vegetables decreased in this order Fe> Mn > Zn > Cu >Pb >...
Heavy metal levels in selected green leafy vegetables obtained from Katsina central market, Katsina, North-western Nigeria
May 2013
The levels of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) were determined in four different samples of vegetables purchased from Katsina central market using atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean concentrations of metals ranged from 0.071 mg/kg Pb to 0.632 mg/kg Cu. The relative abundance of metals in vegetables followed the sequence Cu (0.483 mg/kg) > Zn (0.268 mg/kg) > Fe (0.260 mg/kg) >...
Removal of Erichrome Black T from aqueous solution using low cost waste biomass (cow dung ash) at 303 and 308K
April 2013
Waste biomass cow dung ash was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Erichrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solution using simple batch technique. The contact time in terms of adsorption capacity was optimized at 303 and 308K, respectively and it was found to be 60 min for both temperatures. All the experiments were carried out at pH = 7. The adsorption capacity of EBT increased from 0.20 to 0.75 and 0.2 to 0.8 mg/g...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked Lates niloticus from selected markets, Gulu District, Uganda
April 2013
Hot smoking is among the oldest methods of preservation which mankind has used in food processing. Potential health hazards associated with smoked foods may be caused by carcinogenic components of wood smoke – mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives. This paper presents results based on the determination of PAHs in smoked Lates niloticus from three markets in Gulu district, northern...
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin
April 2013
A convenient synthetic route for bioactive 7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin was realized by one-step conversion of 7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin potassium salt. The 7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin was obtained in 88% w/w yield as a fluffy white precipitate by recrystallization from methanol. The 7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin and the starting material were evaluated for antibacterial activity...
Solid phase extraction and determination of Chromium species using multiwalled carbon nanotubes by solid phase extraction: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
April 2013
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used as absorbent for extraction of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), ions in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelate by solid phase extraction method. A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of chromium species in water samples has been developed. The procedure is based on the selective formation of...
A report on soap making in Nigeria using indigenous technology and raw materials
April 2013
In everyday life we use soap to wash dishes, clean clothes, or keep our bodies presentable to nose and eye. Soap therefore has numerous applications in our daily life. One of its great values is keeping our household a far better place to live and work. However, contrary to what one may think, soap was invented not only for the purpose of personal hygiene; rather, it was invented to solve other purposes. Colourful yarns...
An assessment of surface water pollution status around Gboko abattoir
March 2013
An assessment of surface water around Gboko abattoir was conducted to ascertain the pollution status of water around the area. The results showed mean values as: total dissolved solids (TDS), 1026.78 mg/L; TSS, 565.22 mg/L; dissolved oxygen (DO), 5.0 mg/L; phosphate, 8.89 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 484.64 mg/L. These values were above regulatory standards. The values of; pH (6.6), sulphate (86.91 mg/L),...
Preconcentration and determination of Mercury(II) from natural water and milk sample by Histidine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-His)
March 2013
A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of Mercury(II) [Hg(II)] based on the adsorption of its histidine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-His) complex. The stability of a chemically MWCNTs-His were determined especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of MWCNTs-His. The application of this...
Some wet routes for synthesis of hematite nanostructures
March 2013
Increased attention has been paid to the synthesis of hematite nanoparticles recently due to its properties and application in various fields of modern technology. Various methods (aqueous and non-aqueous) have been applied in order to produce hematite nanostructures of required size and morphology suitable for these various applications. The aqueous route has been found to be simpler and more versatile than the...
Free radicals and antioxidants: Myths, facts and mysteries
March 2013
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. Overproduction of ROS arising either from mitochondrial electron transport chain or excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidase results in oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures, including lipids and...
N-doped carbon aerogels for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture
February 2013
The N-doped carbon aerogel materials were investigated to explore their potential use in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Carbon aerogels were prepared from a nitrogen-containing polymer precursor using urea as nitrogen source into the polymer matrix through the sol-gel method. CO2 capture performances were evaluated from 273 to 298K at 1 bar. CO2adsorption is influenced by the micropores and amount of a...
Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of four medicinal plants traditionally used in Nigeria for skin infection
February 2013
The antimicrobial effect of some selected Nigerian medicinal plants traditionally used by the local people for treating skin infections was evaluated on some microorganisms likeCandida albicans MTCC 227, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2785, Proteus mirabilisATCC 21784 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27856. The solvents used for extraction were water, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether....
Highly efficient epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide oxidant using modified silver polyoxometalate catalysts
February 2013
The catalytic epoxidation of olefins is an important reaction in chemical industry since epoxides are versatile and important intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The current epoxidation procedures often use stoichiometric organic and sometimes toxic inorganic oxidants that are less favourable from an environmental and economical point of view. In contrast to such processes, catalytic...
Corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using Achyranthes aspera L. leaf extract
February 2013
The leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera L. was investigated for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium at room temperature. Gravimetric technique was used to study the corrosion behavior in the absence and presence of different concentrations of the leaf extract. The result obtained showed that the A. aspera L. is a good inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The...
Separation of lead(II) paraffin-embedded tissues from liver loggerhead turtles specimens by organic-solution-processable functionalized-nano graphene prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
February 2013
A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) ions in liver loggerhead turtles specimens has been developed. A reliable and rapid method for preconcentration and modification of organic-solution-processable functionalized-nano graphene with Isopropyl 2-[(isopropoxy carbothioyl) disulfanyl] ethanethioate (IIDE) in order to prepare an effective sorbent for the preconcentration and...
Benzothiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution
February 2013
The inhibition of the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solutions by some benzothiazole derivatives had been investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the benzothiazole derivatives but decreased with rise in...
Physicochemical properties and rheological behaviour of Ficus glumosa gum in aqueous solution
January 2013
The physicochemical properties, cationic composition and rheological behaviour of exudates from Ficus glumosa were investigated. The gum was found to be mild acidic, ionic and soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanoland insoluble in acetone and chloroform. The trend for the decreasing concentration of elements determined in the gum sample is Mg > Ca > Mn > Zn > Fe > Ni > Zn...
Spectrophotometric determination of Chromium(III) in Egyptian ilmenite from phosphate solution using Egyptian white sand (EWS) as a selective adsorbent
January 2013
Egyptian white sand (EWS) was used as an adsorbent for the selective separation of Cr(III) from phosphate solutions which is to be determined colorimetrically using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. The experimental factors affecting the maximum selective adsorption/desorption of Cr(III) on/from EWS where the amount of adsorbent (g), pH of initial concentration of Cr(III) in solution, contact time, temperature and initial...
Separation and determination of trace amounts of Pb(II)ions in water samples using organic solution-processable functionalized-nano graphene
January 2013
A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) ions in water samples has been developed. The first organic solution-processable functionalized-nano graphene (SPFGraphene) hybrid material with porphyrin–graphene nanohybrid, 5-4 (aminophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin and its photophysical properties including optical triphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and grapheme oxide molecules...
Synthesis of cholesteryl-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy tetrahydro-furan-2-yl) methanone
January 2013
Various biological membranes are synthesized from sugars-based compounds. The hydrophobic groups of them made up the amphiphilic properties in the structure of membrane that consisted fatty acids, and long chain alkyl groups. It had established that cholesterol was an integral component and it affects the fluidity of membranes. We prepared the cholesteryl-(3, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-methanone from...
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