Sustainable fruit production by soil moisture conservation with different mulches: A review
December 2015
It is essential to find ways and mean to increase the yield and lessen the cost of production so that there is enough fruit production to meet the requirement of the consumers. The yearly growth of plants, excessive growth of weeds and production of fruits deplete the soil of its nutrient reserves resulting in reduction of native-soil fertility. Mulching of organic and inorganic materials create favourable conditions...
Productivity and income potentials of intercrop combinations among food crop farmers in Southwestern Nigeria
December 2015
Population pressure is impressing on the need to increase productivity of arable cropland in the midst of reported decrease in fallow period. This study examined the agronomic and economic potential of cropping systems of farmers in food crop production. Data were generated through a survey of 341 food crop farmers selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were elicited with the aid of questionnaires. The fallow...
Absorption and translocation tolerance of glyphosate
December 2015
The purpose of this experiment was to relate the tolerance of Commelina benghalensis to two different kinds of glyphosate formulation, in function of the absorption time and translocation of this molecule in the cells of this plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The experimental design is a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments follows; glyphosate potassium salt and isopropylamine...
Chemical composition and somatic cells count of milk from Holstein x Braunvieh cows
December 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and somatic cells count (SCC) of milk from Holstein / Braunvieh (HB) cows of five different grade crossing (genetic groups): Seven ½ blood HB, 14 5/8 blood HB, 16 3/4 blood HB, 86 7/8 blood HB and 28 15/16 blood HB cows were used. Six samplings at seven-day intervals were performed. The quality of milk was assessed according to the fat, protein, lactose and...
Effect of culture media on in vitro germination rate and shoot-forming potential of Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook f. & Thomson artificial seeds
December 2015
Being a tropical country, Vietnam has an exceptional diversity of medicinal plants, particularly in the highland provinces (for example, Lam Dong, Daklak and Kontum provinces). However, a list of many rare medicinal plants are recorded in the Vietnamese Red Data Book and most of them are globally threatened. In this study, the effect of the type of culture media and the concentration of phytohormones on germination,...
Possibility of using the intermediate mature stage of Garcinia kola heckel seeds to shorten the germination time
December 2015
Garcinia kola is used as chew-stick for dental care in West Africa. The species is nearly commercially extinct in nature, and its propagation is hampered by seed germination problems. The current study investigated seed germination responses of Garcinia kola at different maturity stage. The experiments were conducted at the Central Laboratory of Biotechnology of the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA)...
Analysis of traders’ perception and adaptive techniques in the control of kola weevil, Balanogastris kolae
December 2015
A survey involving 160 kola nut traders who were randomly selected in two local governments of Ondo state was conducted to examine pest management practices carried out by the traders. Interview schedule structured questionnaire was used in a multi-stage random sampling to select 40 kola nut traders from two villages in each local government. Results showed that most of the respondents were already old with the mean age...
Use of a portable chlorophyll meter to evaluate leaf Nitrogen status of tropical carpet grass
December 2015
The persistence of color response after fertilizer treatments is a key indicator of turfgrass performance. Tropical carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv.) is widely used throughout subtropical area, was selected as the subject of this study. Five nitrogen (N) treatments applied monthlyat the application rate of both 7.5 and 15.0 g N/m2 as ammonium nitrate (AN), 2.5 and 7.5 g N/m2 as a 14-6.2-11.6 (NPK) slow...
Using improved varieties and fertility enhancements for increasing yield of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown by small-landholder farmers in Uganda
December 2015
Productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Uganda is less than 30% of the yield of improved varieties grown on research stations. This yield gap has been attributed mainly to low soil fertility and susceptibility of local varieties saved by farmers to pest and disease infestations. This study evaluated the impact of four improved varieties and soil fertility improvement on bean yields on small-landholder...
Physiological quality of mangaba seeds submitted to drying
December 2015
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit to Brazil of great importance in its areas of occurrence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological behavior of mangaba seeds submitted to desiccation. The survey was conducted in the Laboratory of Seeds Analyses of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates of 25 seeds...
Different sources of silicon in the embryonic development and in the hatching of Meloidogyne javanica
December 2015
Silicon is the main objective of many researchers whose goal is to see its use as an inductor resistance. The action of the inductor happens in the plants, where it does not affect the pathogen directly, but the effect will contribute for its control. Therefore, the main objective of this report was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the embryonic development and the hatching of Meloidogyne javanica. For this, three...
Performance of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed diets containing different level of fermented coffee pulp
December 2015
An experiment to study the hematological energy and protein retention of body rabbit, performance and carcass quality responses of rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed diets containing different levels of fermented coffee pulp was carried out for 12 weeks. A Completely Randomized Design Consisted of five treatments and eight replicates was used in this experiment. A total of 80 rabbits were divided into 40 lots of...
Genetic divergence among accessions of Carthamus tinctorius L. by morphoagronomic traits
December 2015
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a crop that produces oil with high content of oleic and linoleic acids, which has great quality for human consumption and industrial use, such as in biodiesel production, and cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among 20 safflower genotypes by morphological characteristics. The genotypes were grouped into nine groups based...
Revaluation of activated sludge and chicken manure through composting by aerobic process
December 2015
The activated sludge from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Tipaza, rich in plant sawdust, and chicken manure from the company Avicola, rich in nitrogenous matter, appears to be perfectly compatible for co-composting. The compost of these two biomasses gives a satisfactory result confirmed by the monitoring of the C/N ratio, a key indicator of the state of composts. Furthermore, the physicochemical parameters and...
Determination of nutrient composition and organoleptic evaluation of bread produced from composite flours of wheat and beans
December 2015
The study was conducted to compare the chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of 5 bread samples (B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5). The bread samples were made from composite flours of wheat and fermented ground bean flours (70:30), (60:40), wheat and fermented brown-eyed bean flours (70:30), (60:40) and 100% wheat flour. The samples were processed and milled into fine flours. The flours were used to produce different...
Silicon in the turgidity maintenance of American lettuce
December 2015
This study aimed to verify the influence of silicon application in hydroponics lettuce cv Lucy Brown, on post-harvest under refrigeration. In hydroponic production silicon was used in the doses of 0, 28, 56, and 84 mg L-1 of potassium silicate. Lettuces were harvested early in the morning and immediately transported to UNESP, campus of Jaboticabal. Upon being received at the laboratory the plants were...
Agricultural potential of reject brine from water desalination
December 2015
The purpose of this research was to study the feasibility of growing organic vegetables using the reject brine from the water treatment station in the community of Bom Jesus, in Campo Grande, RN. The research began with the establishment of a community garden according to systematic principles of agricultural sustainability in ecological basis. The participatory planning, in which all activities in the project were...
Enhancing social-ecological resilience through social learning: A case study of communal pasture management in the Highlands of Ethiopia
December 2015
Social learning processes can play an important role in enabling communities to sustainably manage the natural resources they depend upon. We examine how a community in the highlands of Ethiopia has succeeded to manage its communal pasture sustainably over the past decades. We identified three processes that played a key role in enabling the community to take the window of opportunity offered by a radical policy change...
Influence of harvest time in accumulation of biomass between cassava cultivars
December 2015
Lack of cultivar adapted to the planting area, as the ideal harvest period undertakes the productive potential of cassava. The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different harvest seasons on total production of fresh and dry weight of four cassava cultivars. The used cultivars were: Branca de Santa Catarina (BSC), IAC 13, IAC 14-18 and Fiber that they were planted on 09/20/11 at the headquarters of the...
Valorization of Jatropha curcas seed cake into different kinds of compost and effect of these composts on cabbage yield in Togo
December 2015
Jatropha curcas L. is a plant species from the family of Euphorbiaceae. The extraction of oil from its seeds produces a cake for which its accumulation causes different environmental problems related to solid waste management. The valorization of this cake into compost could be a contribution to solving this problem. Therefore different types of compost were made with J. curcas seed cake associated with animal feces...
Meloidogyne incognita resistant strains of leaf lettuce
December 2015
The root-knot nematode is a major problem for commercial lettuce cultivation because it affects the market quality of the final product. The objective of this study was to select strains of butter-leaf lettuce resistant to Meloidogyne incognita spp. with good agronomic performance for further cultivar trials. Three field experiments were conducted on the premises of Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA-PE) and...
Impact of pasture herbicides on the seedling growth response of three tall fescue varieties
December 2015
Chemical application is a viable and popular method for weed control, but the effectiveness of various herbicides depends on the target weed. The objectives of this study were to determine the appropriate herbicide for three tall fescue varieties that either do or do not contain endophytic fungi. Plants were split into six herbicide treatments and an untreated control for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in a randomized complete...
Farmers’ perception of a biological control agent, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its effects on the quality of citrus fruits in Ghana
December 2015
The red weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille is a predator of many insect pests of tree crops and its presence in orchards is perceived to result in improved fruit quality. This study therefore sought to investigate farmers’ perception of O. longinoda as a biological control agent for insect pests of citrus and its effect on fruit quality. A questionnaire-based survey was first used to investigate...
Heat treatment to overcome seeds dormancy of Panicum maximum cultivars (Poaceae)
December 2015
The guinea grass Panicum maximum, an African grass, is one of the main forage grasses in tropical America. Its propagation is mainly carried out by seeds, but seed dormancy hampers good pasture establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of heat treatment to overcome seed dormancy of P. maximum cultivars Milênio, Tanzânia and Mombaça. Seeds of each cultivar have been subjected to heat...
Air pollution and their mitigation measures in Brazilian poultry production
December 2015
The Brazilian broiler industry is the most prominent branch in farming, due to its high levels of productivity. However, there is a growing concern about the environmental damages caused by such an activity, in special the atmospheric air pollution, as a consequence of the high volume of residues generated and the damages made to the environment. Air pollution, despite being most of the time detected by undesirable...
Evaluation of sweetpotato accessions for end-user preferred traits improvement
December 2015
This study assessed the genetic diversity and differentiation in sweetpotato accessions in Ghana to guide selection for genetic improvement on beta-carotene, dry matter and sugar contents to promote increased utilization. One hundred and fifteen sweetpotato accessions from four different sources, which were the International Potato Centre (CIP) collection, local collection from farmers’ field, local improved...
Influence of lactation stage, delivery order of calving and genetic group on milk quality
December 2015
Milk production and quality are influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, genetic factors such as breed and physiological. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lactation stage, delivery order and genetic group on the quality of milk from crossbred cows 3/4 Gyr, 7/8 Gyr and 15/16 Gyr. Fresh milk samples were collected from crossbred cows. Fat, protein, lactose, non fat dry extract...
Procedure for collecting milk sample and the number of milkings in relation to chemical composition and somatic cells of the fresh milk
December 2015
This study was carried out to determine which system of milkings and sampling methodology presenting chemical composition results safer and lower variation of the results. In Properties I and II, the fresh milk samples were collected in 40 ml flasks containing bronopol in order to compare the chemical composition of the milk, as adopting two sample collection methods, that is two and three milkings. In order to compare...
Isolation and identification of some pathogenic fungi associated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root rot disease in Cameroon
December 2015
Root rot diseases constitute a major constraint to cassava production in Cameroon. However, not much is known about the identity of pathogens associated with them. It is in this light that this study was realized with the aim of characterizing the various root rot diseases and identifying their associated fungal causal agents in Cameroon. Sixty four cassava stems with root rot symptoms were sampled in the Littoral,...
Nutritional valorization of ginger lily forage (Hedychium gardnerianum, Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl) for animal feeding: Treatment with urea
December 2015
Fiber availability is not always ensured in all year long grazing systems. In this context, low quality fiber feeds may be of relevance for bovine feeding. We propose, thus, to study the effect of adding 5% of urea (on a dry matter basis) on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Hedychium gardnerianum, Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl (ginger lily or Kahili ginger), a traditional fiber source used by Azorean farmers....
Cultivation of golden flax with application of nitrogen and irrigation
December 2015
Flaxseed is the seed of the linen (Linum usitatissimum L.) and the most produced varieties are brown and golden flaxseed. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of irrigation and nitrogen application in cultivation of the golden flax cultivation. The irrigation it was made by dripping, daily, except for days of rain occurrences, according to evapotranspiration. The treatments were separated by 0,...
In vitro antifungal activity of polyphenols-rich plant extracts against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands
December 2015
Antifungal activity of water, ethanol, lanolin and cocoa butter plant extracts derived from seven Mexican Chihuahuan desert inhabiting plant species (Larrea tridentata, Flourensia cernua, Agave lechuguilla, Opuntia ficus-indica, Lippia graveolens, Carya illinoensis and Yucca filifera) were evaluated against Phytophthora cinnamomi. All plant extracts were active against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Two (L. tridentata and F....
Integrated management of tomato fruit borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis)
December 2015
The management of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with neem-based and registered insecticides most applied on tomato crops in the Agreste region on N. elegantalis (eggs, pre-pupae and pupae) were evaluated in this study; methomyl, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, chlorantraniliprole and the neem-based insecticides (azadirachtin A/B and...
Trichoderma: A magical weapon against soil borne pathogens
December 2015
Trichoderma species occur worldwide. The members of the genus Trichoderma are widely used as bioagent for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture sector. Trichoderma not only parasites pathogen but it also enhance plant plant growth, help in the bioremediation of soil etc.Biocontrol activity of Trichoderma is known since 1930s.The effect of Trichoderma on soil borne pathogens is higher as compared to...
Effect of traditional kerosene smoking and ethrel on ripening, shelf life and quality of Cavendish banana (Musa sp.)
December 2015
The effect of banana treatment with traditional kerosene smoking and ethrel released ethylene were investigated to determine their efficacy on ripening, shelf life and physicochemical quality attributes. Fruits at full maturity stage that are light green and three quarter full were used. The study was consisted of three factors namely ripening techniques (conventional kerosene smoking and Ethrel), exposure times (that...
Effect of stocking rate on biomass variation and lamb performances for barley stubble in Tunisian semi arid region and under conservation agriculture conditions
December 2015
The integration of livestock in the practices of conservation agriculture (CA) was assessed in Tunisian semi-arid conditions. Forty five Barbarine lambs (aged 220 ± 10 days, average body weight 20 ± 2.5 kg) were used in a performance trial, carried out in the experimental station of INRAT. During the experiment, lambs were grazing on a plot of barley stubble cultivated according to CA was divided into 6...
Grape pre-evaluation by berry-leaf biochemistry quantitative correlation analysis
December 2015
The quality and characteristics of grape are fundamentally determined by its biochemical components. Quantitative detection of these components in berries is a classic method to evaluate grapevine resources. However, fruits are not always available for the new generated grape plantlets due to their long juvenile stage (3 to 4 years), as well as for many other potential valuable germplasm resources, such as wild grapes....
Effect of water deficit on carbon metabolism in Spondia mombin L. plants
December 2015
In Brazil, hog plum trees are found mainly in the North and Northeast regions; they are considered to be under plant domestication and extractive exploitation. Therefore, it is economically important for those regions. In order to evaluate physiological and biochemical aspects of carbon metabolism in young hog plum plants (Spondia mombin L.) under full irrigation and water deficit conditions, an experiment was conducted...
Participatory seed production of small millets among tribal farmers of Bastar region, Chhattisgarh, India
December 2015
Small millets could be better option under vagaries of rainfall and dry situation of the region when rice and other crops get failed regularly because it tolerates water stress, drought and erosion. Plenty of lands were available as upland in this region which might be converted in small millets production by participation of farmer in seed production programme for uplifting economic of farmers. Ten clusters were formed...
An evaluation in vitro and in vivo of rhizobacteria in the biocontrol of Radopholus similis in banana
December 2015
Rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of banana cultivars ‘Prata Comum’ and ‘Prata Anã’ and from crotalaria and marigold in Tryptic Soy Agar and King B-agar media. Bacteria were used for valuations of the in vitro and in vivo. The promising isolates were submitted to identification by polymerase chain reaction. Among the one hundred and fifty two evaluated, twenty three showed...
Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of sheep fed with açaà seed meal-based diet
December 2015
The byproducts of agricultural processes have great potential as a source of low cost animal feed. In this paper we assess the potential of açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed as a food source for sheep. Sixteen non-castrated male sheep with average initial body weight of 22 kg were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments, using initial body weight as a covariate. The diets consisted of...
Genetic progress in seed yield of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)
December 2015
Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), a tropical shrub with medicinal properties has not undergone efficient selection for high seed yield or oil production over the years. Predictions on seed yield of this oilseed plant were based on isolated observations that did not consider the reductions in plant growth due to higher planting densities. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic progress of seed yield using...
Storage profitability and effectiveness of storage methods in yield loss reduction in cocoyam in southeast Nigeria
December 2015
Cocoyam is highly perishable and considerable economic losses can occur after it is harvested due to rot, sprouting and other physiological changes. This perspective hinges on the economic study of cocoyam storage in south-east Nigeria. The study was guided by null hypothesis that the mean cocoyam rot of the six storage methods did not significantly differ and that the mean income of the six storage methods did not...
Effectiveness and persistence of biological control of nematodes in sugarcane
December 2015
The objective this study was to investigate the effect of use of Bacillus subtilis to control nematodes, considering the hypothesis that the efficacy and persistence of biological control is equivalent to chemical control with respect to the community of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus zeae in soil during the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). For this study, soil was collected from cultivated area of sugarcane...
Spatial variability of physical attributes of cambisol under cassava cultivation in Southern Amazonas
December 2015
The aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties of a haplic cambisol under cassava cultivation in Humaitá County, AM - Brazil. The mapping of a cassava growing area was made and a 70 × 70 m square mesh designed. In the mesh, soil samples were performed in a regular spacing of 10 m at a 0.0 to 0.2 m depth, being a total of 64 sample points. Physical analyses were made...
Effect of the seasonal climatic variations on the composition and quality of “Chemlali†virgin olive oil
December 2015
“Chemlali” is the main olive variety cultivated in Tunisia. Seasonal factors such as rainfall and temperature vary year to year influencing the composition and quality of virgin olive oil. This work aims to investigate the effect of the seasonal climatic variations on the quantity and the quality characteristics (free acidity, specific ultraviolet absorbance K232 and K270, fatty acid composition,...
Energy metabolism and digestive enzymes of Sitophilus zeamais exposed to an insecticide
December 2015
The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais is a primary pest of stored grains, and it is primarily controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, which are directly connected to increases in the resistance of these insects. In this study, populations of S. zeamais acquired from small farmers in southern Piauí were obtained, and an experiment was performed with the insecticide K-Obiol EC25, with dose-response...
Isolation and selection of P-solubilizing and IAA-synthesizing microorganisms from the rhizosphere of Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliensis)
December 2015
Phosphate solubilization by microorganisms is an important process for increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) to plants. This study aimed to: (a) in solid medium, isolate CaHPO4-solubilizing and non-P-solubilizing microorganisms from the rhizosphere of guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliensis) collected from a nursery and the field; (b) in liquid media, quantify the ability of CaHPO4-solubilizing isolates from the...
Evaluation and comparison of soil under integrated cropâ€livestock-forest system in the southeast of Goiás, Brazil
December 2015
The integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) has been indicated as an important alternative of agricultural production, in economic and environmental terms. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical properties of soil under the system on integrated crop-livestock-forest in the Santa Brígida Farm, Ipameri City, southeast of Goiás State, Brazil. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4...
Designing factories for nematode-based biological control products for an alternative, environmentally friendly management of soil insect pests
December 2015
Soil insects are a major source of crop loss in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. Many soil insecticides are either/or highly toxic to humans, have serious other non-target effects, or are a banned from use nationally or internationally. An alternative strategy is the use of beneficial (entomopathogenic) nematodes as they are well-adapted to the soil environment and non-toxic. However, the establishment of...
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