Comparison between manual and semi-mechanical harvest of coffee fruit in mountainous areas
July 2015
In the coffee production, the most expensive operation is the harvest, mainly by lack the labor this time of year. In regions of large and flat areas, the use of mechanization allows a good reduction in the production cost. In mountainous areas the coffee harvest is performed manually. With the aim of reducing production costs, there has been a continuous increase in the use of machinery, especially at harvest. In...
Willingness to pay for rainfall risk insurance by smallholder farmers in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: The case of Dugda and Mieso Districts
July 2015
Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenge. Therefore, farmers have faced income variability in almost every production season. Problems associated with dependence on rain fed agriculture are common in Ethiopia. Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability from such income variability is also common. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist...
Perception of buyers in regards to the quality and food safety of minimally processed vegetables
July 2015
This article is based on the buyer’s general behavior with the objective of identifying the consumption characteristics of minimally processed vegetables. A descriptive approach was used to understand how buyers make their decisions on the day-to-day, with a non-probabilistic sample of 328 questionnaires employed at the largest circulation areas of the seven administrative regions of Campo Grande (MS), Brazil. The...
Damage in maize ears associated with methods of inoculation of Stenocarpella maydis
July 2015
This study aimed to find an efficient method of inoculation of Stenocarpella maydis to produce white ear rot (WER) and estimate pathogen damage on maize grain yield components. Measured components were ear mass, grain mass per ear, and thousand grain weight. The experiments were performed in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil in a randomized block design with treatments arranged in a split plot with three replications. Three...
Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Ernst Berliner) strains indigenous to agricultural soils of Mali
July 2015
The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize Bacillus thuringiensis from agricultural and other insect breeding sites in Mali. A hundred soil samples were collected from Bamako district, Segou, Sikasso and Timbuktu regions. B. thuringiensis (Bt) was isolated from the samples using a heat-acetate method and the isolates were identified and classified using morphological and biochemical tests. The frequency...
Dry season bean production at different sowing dates under the South Minas Gerais conditions, Brazil
July 2015
The agro-climatic zoning classifies the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as being suitable for bean farming, especially in the dry season, where there are appropriate climatic conditions for growing. In this area, determining the optimum sowing dates is controlled by the climatic conditions and the adaptability of different cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics...
Effect of silicon fertilization on mineral composition of rice under Typic Ustochrept soils
July 2015
A pot experiment was conducted in 2012 in the greenhouse of the Anand Agricultural University Anand Gujarat, India. Treatments were arranged in a factorial completely randomized complete design with silicon factor at four levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) with three replicates. Indian improved and high -yielding variety Gurajari was used. The Si application up to 200 mg kg-1 soil significantly increased grain and straw...
Modelling crown volume in Acacia mearnsii stands
July 2015
The aim of the present study was to model the crown volume in black wattle stands (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study was carried out in plots installed in black wattle stands in area where the plantations of the species are common. Two trees in each plot of average diameter were felled to determination total height, crown length (crown height) and crown width taken twice, each measurement...
Nitrogen and sulfur absorption by quality protein maize (QPM) maize as affected by interaction between nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers at Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
July 2015
Field trials were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 wet seasons, at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm, Samaru in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the effect of interaction between Nitrogen and Sulfur fertilizers on up-take of Nitrogen and Sulfur by quality protein maize (QPM). Treatments consisted of four rates each of nitrogen (0, 60,120 and 180 kg N/ha) and sulfur fertilizer (0, 5, 10 and...
Relationship of soil quality and Vitexicarpine content in the leaves of Vitex trifolia L.
July 2015
Vitexicarpine has been known as a marker compound observed in the leaves of Vitex trifolia L. An explorative research was conducted to find out relationship of soil quality and vitexicarpine content in the leaves of V. trifolia L. The plant was found in the some districts in Central Java (Surakarta) and Yogyakarta (Kulon Progo). Soil types where the plant grew are Entisols, Inceptisols and Andisols. Based on soil...
Study of ergonomical characteristics of farm workers
July 2015
Ergonomics is system design compressed of man-machine and environment relationship to bring about some output against some given inputs considering different physical, anatomical, physiological, and psychological limits of human being. Based on different workloads (N) and speed (rpm), the experiment was conducted on MONARK 828E Ergometer, to evaluate heart rates of different age groups with variable weights and heights....
Assessment of farmers’ perception and adaptation mechanism to soil erosion problem in Shomba Kichib, Gimbo District, Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia
July 2015
Soil erosion is one of the major problems challenging farmers in Ethiopia. Though a number of soil and water conservation methods were introduced and practiced, sustaining the application of these measures is far below expectations and soil degradation is still a persistent problem. This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the type of indigenous and introduced soil and water conservation measures,...
More than two decades of climate change alarm: Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions
July 2015
We conducted a questionnaire survey to assess farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived threats of climate change. The findings show that the farmers are generally aware of direct and observable causes of climate change and the main impacts of climate change on agriculture but are not clear about the interconnections between the natural environment and farm management activities that result in climate change....
Influence of drip fertigation and sowing season on plant growth, physiological characters and yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
July 2015
Field experiments were carried out during two seasons Kharif, 2010 (March to June) and Summer, 2011 (January - May) at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India to study the influence of drip fertigation and sowing season on growth, physiological attributes and seed yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) cv. VBN3. The treatments included four fertigation levels (F1- 50% of SRDF through drip,...
Effect of low N- stress to N, P, K contents and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in maize kernels and stalks
July 2015
For elucidating the genetic basis of N, P and K contents in kernels and stalks in maize under different nitrogen supply condition, a set of 203 F2: 4 / F2: 5 family lines, derived from an elite maize hybrid Nongda108, were tested under nitrogen plus (N+) and no nitrogen plus (N-) treatments in the field over two years, and a genetic linkage map was constructed with 199 SSR molecular markers, covered 2100.9 cm for 10...
Rural development policies and programmes under colonialism and during the five year development plans in Lesotho
July 2015
Poverty has been said to be very high in developing countries, and many people live below the poverty line. There are different causes of poverty, but the most common one is food insecurity. Therefore, the contribution of agriculture to ensuring food security in the poor countries cannot be ignored. Although many farmers in some developing countries practise subsistence farming, agriculture accounts for a large share to...
Physiological maturity of pumpkin seeds
July 2015
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes of pumpkin seeds during the maturation process. Thereby, the study was conducted in the municipality of Juazeiro, at the experimental area of the State University of Bahia. Seeds of the cultivar ‘Maranhão’ were harvested from fruits at regular intervals, every 10 days, from 15 to 60 days after anthesis (DAA). The experimental design...
Determinants of meat consumption pattern among university students in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
July 2015
There is a dearth of information on factors influencing the feeding habits and daily consumption of meat among university students in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. As a result, this study was conducted by administering questionnaires to a total of 150 respondents from the black dominated and the white dominated Universities in the ECP. The results revealed that students from black dominated University...
Effects of hydrogel and nitrogen fertilization on the production of arugula in successive crops
June 2015
Appropriate management techniques, such as fertilization programs and the use of technology in the production process, have been employed to meet the demand for vegetables year-round. Because vegetables require a considerable amount of water for their development, hydrogels can guarantee the supply of water in regions with water deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of hydrogel and nitrogen fertilizer...
Exports and market power of the soybean processing industry in Brazil between 1980 and 2010
June 2015
The objective of this research was to identify whether the majors of the soybean production chain in Brazil have conditions to design their market power and capture part of the economic surplus farmers? In this context, based on the analysis of price elasticity, drawn from the postulates of neoclassical microeconomic theory, it was found that exports of soybeans and soybean meal are inelastic to price. Therefore,...
Fungal population, including Ochratoxin A producing Aspergillus section Nigri strains from Ivory Coast coffee bean
June 2015
The mycotoxin contamination in foods has become a growing threat and aroused many researches in science area. According to the food control authorities, Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among mycotoxins priority of food contaminants. The current work focuses on coffee cherries quality environment in Ivory Coast. The neglecting of good agricultural practices would lead to recurrent contamination of ivorian coffee in mycotoxinogen...
Corn agronomic evaluation under different doses of nitrogen and seed inoculation in savanna
June 2015
The agronomic potential of corn is below the genetic potential of high technology hybrid available in Brazil due to the inadequate management of soil fertility, especially of nitrogen fertilizer, essential photosynthetic activity and determining the crop yield. This study evaluated the agronomic performance and yield of maize culture grown with increasing doses of nitrogen (N), in the absence and presence of...
Competitiveness of smallholder legume production in South Kivu region, Democratic Republic of Congo
June 2015
This study investigated the returns to legumes (common bean and soybean) and other principal crops (cassava, sweet potato and maize) in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a randomly selected sample of 291 farmers who had participated in N2Africa project in the four Eastern D. R. Congo territories: Kabare (103), Kalehe (52), Mwenga (24) and Walungu...
Effects of pre-sowing treatments on Jatropha curcas seed germination and seedling growth
June 2015
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different pre-sowing treatments on Jatropha curcas seed germination rate and seedling early growth. Growth and vigour of the seedlings was assessed through the measurements of growth parameters, in order to identify the best pre-sowing treatment, which guarantees both the highest seed germination rate and the best development and growth of the seedlings. J. curcas seeds of...
Influence of organic substrates on growth and nutrient contents of jatobá (Hymenaea stigonocarpa)
June 2015
The use of native forests for the purpose of agricultural and livestock occupation have caused the degradation of native ecosystems of caatinga and cerrado. The negative impact of these activities can be minimized with the revegetation of degraded areas. With that comes the need to produce seedlings of native forest species of quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the addition of bagana of...
Yield and oil content of peanut (var. TMV-7) and sunflower (var. Co-2) applied with bio-stimulant AQUASAP manufactured from seaweed
June 2015
The effect of bio-stimulant AQUASAP manufactured from seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) farmed in Indian water on the yield and oil content of peanut and sunflower was studied under field condition. The AQUASAP at 5% foliar application promoted the vegetative growth, yield and oil content in both peanut and sunflower significantly. Compared to control the yield of seed in peanut increased by 31.69% with 14.27%...
Influence of NPK on crop performance and leaf nutrient status of banana under sub surface drip fertigation system
June 2015
Field experiment was carried out at AICRP- Water Management block, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2010 - 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of T1-Surface irrigation with soil application of recommended dose of fertilizers, T2- Subsurface drip fertigation of 100% RDF (P as basal, N and K through drip as urea and...
Morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils associated in toposequence forestablishing taxonomy classes in Pratapgarh District of Rajasthan, India
June 2015
The present study was conducted to study the variability in soil properties in relation to landforms, in the present investigation, two transects that is, Aravalli mountain ranges and Malwa plateau, were selected in the Pratapgarh district having eight landforms namely hill, pediments, valley, and plain in the Aravalli Mountain ranges and Malwa plateau, respectively. Total eight pedons were examined in the field and...
Agro-climatic zoning for citriculture in the Agreste region of Pernambuco State, Brazil
June 2015
The objective of this study was to accomplish an agro-climatic zoning for the Agreste region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, with the aim to identify agro-climatic zones for citrus cultivation. Monthly climatic data of 100 stations from over 20-year observation series (1911 to 1990) were selected within and close to the study area. From climatic data of mean air temperature and rainfall, we calculated the climatic water...
Synergistic effect of methane emission through ruminant production
June 2015
The world we live in is not in isolation, therefore every action undertaken by humans and animals have a direct effect on humans. Some sort of boomerang effect. Methane is produced mostly by anaerobic microbial metabolism in the rumen and sent out through eructation into the environment. Methane and other gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide (CO2 and N2O) have been giving great concern worldwide as they...
Management of spot blotch of wheat using Fungicides, Bio-agents and Botanicals
June 2015
Experiments were conducted to know the effect of recommended dose of fungicides (Propiconazole, Carbendazim and Hexaconazole), bio-agents and botanicals on incidence and severity of spot blotch disease and seed yield of wheat. Two sprays of Carbendazim at 0.1% at tillering and boot leaf stage resulted in the maximum reduction in spot blotch incidence and severity followed by two applications of Propiconazole at...
Power take-off rotation and operation quality of peanut mechanized digging
June 2015
Considering that mechanized digging is an important stage in the productive chain of peanut, the studies related to the quantification of visible, invisible and total losses are still scarce, making it necessary to investigate these losses in order to obtain the operation control. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the losses mentioned and the operational performance in the mechanized peanut digging...
Fodder production, yield and nodulation of some elite cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) lines in central Malawi
June 2015
Cowpea is (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is multipurpose legume grown for its edible grain and leaves and may be used as green manure or animal feed. The shoot biomass or fodder production of cowpea nodulation and effectiveness are seldomly considered in screening and release studies, yet such information is important for the use of the crop. A field study was therefore conducted Bunda College, (14° 35 S’;...
Epidemiological study of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in selected districts of Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia
June 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected Districts of Gambella Regional State (GRS) namely Lare, Itang and Gambella Zuria from March to October 2011 to determine seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp) and to identify potential risk factors and to assess community perceptions about CCPP in the study area. Multistage sampling...
Factors influencing smallholder farmers’ access to agricultural microcredit in Northern Ghana
June 2015
This paper explores access to agricultural microcredit in Ghana using household survey data collected for the 2013/2014 farming season. The study approaches the access to microcredit from two angles pertaining to the factors influencing access to loan and when accessed, the determinants of loan size. Since these two choices are related, the Heckman selection model was chosen as the analytical tool for addressing the...
Survey of diversity and production of yams in four communities in Southern Ghana
June 2015
A survey was conducted in four yam growing communities in southern Ghana, with the objectives of analyzing the diversity of yam species being cultivated, extent of production, yams preferred and identification of challenges confronting yam production. A total of 264 farmers were involved in the survey, 200 men and 64 women. Six yam species were encountered and 136 varieties were characterized according to the number of...
Growth performance of Adilo sheep fed urea treated wheat straw supplemented with enset(Enseteventricosum), atella and their mixtures
June 2015
The experiment was carried using twenty-five male intact yearling Adilo sheep with average body weight of 16.5 ± 3.5 kg to determine the effects of ensetventricosum, atella and their mixture supplements to urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) on feed intake, digestibility and body weight gain (ADG). The experiment consisted of ninety days of feeding trial and seven days of digestibility testing. The experimental...
Sediment management decision making of the Sanmenxia reservoir based on RESCON model
June 2015
In order to determine whether the existing in water resources system sustainable management solution, we need to develop a tool to provide reasonable and reliable information to decision makers. RESCON project's goal is to use data for reservoir and dam, to provide a toolkit in policy formulation used in decision making. At the same time, it also prompt policymakers stand at the national level to recognize the...
Effect of farm yard manure and press mud on fertility status of alkaline soil under maize-wheat cropping sequence
June 2015
An experiment was conducted on an alkaline clay loam soil of Golagamdi, India during 2005-2006 to study the effect of Farm Yard Manure and pressmud on fertility status of alkali soil under maize-wheat cropping sequence. The treatment consist of three levels of organic manure M0- no manure; M1- FYM at the rate of 10 tha-1; M2- Pressmud at the rate of 5 tha-1 and six fertilizer levels; F0- no fertilizer; F1- 75% of...
A system dynamics design for the structure of irrigated wheat mechanization in Fars province (Southwest Iran)
June 2015
The focus of this paper is on the mechanization of wheat, one of the oldest and most important and valuable plants on earth. Considering the fact that Fars province in recent years maintains the premier status in the production of this crop, in the country, a systemic view toward the mechanization of this product, may serve in the enhancement of efficacy of production. As far as the writer knows, such study on the...
Sugar cane crop coefficient by the soil water balance method
June 2015
Current assay, conducted on the experimental farm of the Goiás Federal Institute, campus at Urutaí GO Brazil, determines the crop coefficient (Kc) for sugar cane in the Brazilian savannah at several phases of development. Kc was determined by the soil water balance method in a 3.0 m3 suspended drainage lysimeter, measuring 1.0 m in width and height and 3.0 m in length. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0)...
Influence of selected tree species on soil characteristics, growth and yield of maize in Western Kenya
June 2015
Low purchasing power of inorganic fertilizers by farmers among other factors has led to a decrease in maize production in Kenya. Growing trees on-farm can improve the situation. A study was carried out at three sites in Western Kenya to investigate the effects of selected tree species on total organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH, growth and yield of maize. Top soil (0 to 15cm) and maize plants were sampled for...
Rice farming in saline lowland of Sahel: Combination of anti-salt dam, salt-tolerant varieties, fertilizers to improve yields
June 2015
Salinity stress, drought and the lack of water supply are major constraints limiting rice productivity in rainfed lowland of the Sine Saloum region. To alleviate these constraints, several actions have been undertaken including construction of anti-salt dykes and using of salt tolerant varieties. The objectives of this study were: (a) analyze the hydraulic operation of these lowlands and salinity rate during wet season....
In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda
June 2015
Black coffee twig borer is a new but rapidly spreading insect pest of coffee in Uganda. Female beetles bore into primary branches/twigs and cultivate an ambrosia fungus for feeding their larvae. Thus, controlling the fungus means depriving the brood a source of food. Three fungicides, chlorothalonil (Glider), tebuconazole (Orius 25EW) and dimethomorph + mancozeb (Volar) were evaluated in vitro for their effectiveness in...
Alternative methods of soybean inoculation to overcome adverse conditions at sowing
June 2015
Soybean growth in Brazil relies solely on biological fixation for nitrogen nutrition, However, the effective establishment of the symbiosis between plants and elite strains of Bradyrhizobium is jeopardized by current agricultural practices, such as seed treatment with pesticides that can be toxic to the bacteria. In addition, global climatic changes have altered temperature and rainfall patterns, which, in turn, may...
Tourism pattern of Alwar district of Rajasthan: A study
June 2015
Every state always motivate tourism to revenue and also exchange of culture. A huge biodiversity across the world exploring by the peoples in last few decades. And this trends is more in developing countries like India. India is having vast cultural, social, religious immense diversity. It is intermixing of various cultures like British, Mugals and local kings for a long period of time. Nowadays these situations...
The contribution of farmers’ organizations to smallholder farmers’ well-being: A case study of Kasulu district, Tanzania
June 2015
Farmers’ Organizations’ (FOs) play a significant role as an institutional vehicle for promoting agricultural development through helping farmers solve common problems in relation to agricultural inputs, credit, technical knowledge and marketing of produce. All these services aim at improving farming activities and enabling them to gain economic benefits to sustain their well-being. Based on the above, this...
Correlation analysis for various grain contributing traits of Zea mays
June 2015
For the study of genetic variability and correlation analysis among grain yield and its contributing traits an experiment was conducted in the research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during crop season of 2011. The heritability was found 96.06 to 99.99% while genetic advance was from 15.939 to 63.439%. Significant genotypic correlation was found for...
Production and utilization of Musca domestica maggots in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings
June 2015
Musca domestica maggots were produced from poultry dung for five weeks, and its meal utilized as a replacement for fishmeal in the diet of the fingerlings of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The maggots were cultured in four different enclosures: aluminium mobile maggotry, aluminium, plastic and wooden boxes. They were harvested at the end of the culture period, processed by oven-drying, and grinding into powdery...
Effect of halopriming treatment on seed germination and seedling emergence of Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum L., Caesalpiniaceae) from Zanjan, Iran
June 2015
The effect of seed halopriming with potassium nitrate on germination and emergence traits of Cercis siliquastrum L seeds, in two experiments were evaluated, one in the laboratory and the other in a greenhouse. The studies were a completely randomized design and 4 replications. The treatments included non-priming and halopriming with potassium nitrate at one of four concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500 and 750 mM) for 48 h,...
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