Alternative methods of soybean inoculation to overcome adverse conditions at sowing
June 2015
Soybean growth in Brazil relies solely on biological fixation for nitrogen nutrition, However, the effective establishment of the symbiosis between plants and elite strains of Bradyrhizobium is jeopardized by current agricultural practices, such as seed treatment with pesticides that can be toxic to the bacteria. In addition, global climatic changes have altered temperature and rainfall patterns, which, in turn, may...
In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda
June 2015
Black coffee twig borer is a new but rapidly spreading insect pest of coffee in Uganda. Female beetles bore into primary branches/twigs and cultivate an ambrosia fungus for feeding their larvae. Thus, controlling the fungus means depriving the brood a source of food. Three fungicides, chlorothalonil (Glider), tebuconazole (Orius 25EW) and dimethomorph + mancozeb (Volar) were evaluated in vitro for their effectiveness in...
Growth and efficiency of water use of papaya cultivars (Carica papaya L.) under doses of bovine biofertilizer in hydroponics cultivation
May 2015
Among the fruit plants cultivated in Brazil, papaya (Carica papaya L.) stands out by having high productivity of fruit quality. The seedling production system of this culture needs a technology that promotes the production of plants with high physiological and sanitary quality. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the growth, dry matter accumulation and the efficiency of water use of papaya cultivars under doses of bovine...
Characterization of Erwinia chrysanthemi isolates inciting stalk rot disease of sorghum
May 2015
Stalk rot of sorghum plants caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi is one of the most destructive diseases of sorghum crop. Twenty one of bacterial isolates were isolated from stalk of sorghum plants from different location of U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand, India. Biochemical, physiological and morphological characterization of E. chrysanthemi was done for confirmation of the bacterium specie. Bacterial suspension [0.7%...
Response of lettuce crop to magnetically treated irrigation water and different irrigation depths
May 2015
The effects of irrigation with magnetically treated water (MTW) and common water (CW) on lettuce plantations at different irrigation depths were analyzed. Current assay was conducted in a greenhouse and featured an experimental 2 x 5 design with randomized blocks and ten replications, comprising two water sources (MTW and CW) and five irrigation depths (replacement of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of evapotranspiration of...
Sensitive parameters for EPIC model evaluation and validity under soil water and nutrients limited conditions with NERICA cropping in West Africa
May 2015
Crop models known to be based on the theory of crop physiology for describing the dynamic process of crop growth are recently explored for their uncertainties in model application under resource limited conditions. The aim of this study was to test Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC), on upland land rice production by taking into account seasonal variability in Guinean and Guinean-Sudanian zones in Benin and...
Cloning and gene expression analysis of ascorbic acid biosynthesis enzymes in Moringa oleifera
May 2015
Moringa (Moringa oleifera), which is a semi-tropical plant, is used as food and for the production of medicines and oil products, because of a large amount of various nutrients including ascorbic acid (AsA). Although Moringa leaf has a high AsA content, the molecular mechanisms of AsA accumulation in Moringa have received little attention. In this study, we isolated Moringa cDNAs for enzymes, belonging to the major AsA...
Solar photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation: A review
May 2015
Irrigation is a well established procedure on many farms and is practiced on various levels around the world. It allows diversification of crops, while increasing crop yields. However, typical irrigation systems consume a great amount of conventional energy through the use of electric motors and generators powered by fuel. Photovoltaic energy can find many applications in agriculture, providing electrical energy in...
Gender differences and challenges in cassava production and processing in Abia State, Nigeria
May 2015
The study investigated the level of involvement of male and female farmers in small scale production and processing of cassava in Abia State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the socioeconomic profile of the cassava farmers, identify the constraints in cassava production and suggest the possible remedies to improve cassava production in the study area. The result revealed that despite the fact that...
Physiological quality and genetic parameters of maize landraces seeds in southwestern Bahia
May 2015
The environmental adaptation of maize germpasm is mainly controlled by certain genes, such as ZmCCT. This factor is influenced by both the genotype and the environment itself, being the gene able to express itself in the germination and seedling vigor under the conditions that is offered. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to physiological quality in maize landraces seeds....
On farm evaluation of the growth and economic benefit of afar breed rams supplemented with different protein sources: The case of Raya-Alamata District
May 2015
On-farm trial was conducted at Raya-Alamata District, Southern Zone of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. From the district three representative peasant associations namely Gerjelle, Limate and Harlle was selected based on sheep population and Ziziphus tree availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and economic benefit of Afar breed rams supplemented with different protein sources....
Correlation of the least limiting water range with soil physical attributes, nutrient levels and soybean yield
May 2015
In soils that are compacted or undergoing compaction, the interval of water available to the plants can decline to zero, which according to the least limiting water range (LLWR) method is called the critical soil bulk density (Bdcritical), when LLWR = 0. The aim of this study was to determine the LLWR of a highly clayey typic dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) and to correlate it with the soil physical attributes, nutrient...
Genotype x environment interaction on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed yield
May 2015
Sesame is an oilseed crop grown for its seed and oil for local and export markets and is a great source of income for farmers, traders, processers and the national economy of Ethiopia. However, its productivity and production are influenced by environmental factors. This experiment was, therefore, carried out to estimate the nature and magnitude of interaction of genotypes with the environment and to identify stable...
Yield responses of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) varieties to varying planting density and soil amendment
May 2015
Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria (7° 30' N, 3° 50' E), at altitude 168 m above the sea level, during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, to assess the yield responses of two grain amaranth varieties (TE81/28 and CEN 18/97) to planting densities (100,000, 60,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1) and soil amendments...
Characterısatıon of volatıle compounds by spme and gc-fıd/ms of capers (Capparis spinosa L.)
May 2015
Capparis spinosa L. has highly biologically active natural substances. C. spinosa L. is rich in volatile components, and is becoming increasingly popular because of its components’ potential role in contributing to human health. In this study, solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to analyze the volatile compounds identified in C. spinosa L. Seventeen compounds, constituting 93.5% of the oil composition of...
The organizational capabilities of rural enterprises, incremental innovation, and the university’s contribution
May 2015
This paper analyzes the relationship between the market orientation and the entrepreneurial orientation in regards to the business performance of rural enterprises, considering the mediation of incremental innovation process and the moderation of the amount of employees with university level, as well as the collaboration needed between the university and the enterprise in terms of organizational capabilities. A survey...
Curricular greening is deficient in universities
May 2015
The objective is to describe the environmental awareness of undergraduate courses at Federal Institute of Education in Goias State, Brazil. The data are described using qualitative and quantitative approaches. It is a non-experimental descriptive research. Among the 201 disciplines from courses of Animal Science, Chemistry and Biology and Bachelor Degree areas, only 17 were found, that is, 8.4% had features that...
Effect of storage materials on seed quality and health in Jute variety O-9897
May 2015
The experiments were conducted in Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES) and Kishoregonj Regional Station (KRS) of BJRI during the period April 2012 to January 2013. The present study was carried out with the objective was to find out suitable storage materials for quality jute seeds and fibre production. Six different types of containers viz. tin pot, plastic pot, poly bag, gunny bag lined with polythene, cloth...
Determinates of small holder farmers willingness to pay for agricultural extension services: A case study from Eastern Ethiopia
May 2015
As a result of inability of public extension services to be responsive to the needs of farmers, a new paradigm is emerging. This study was designed to assess farmers’ willingness to pay for extension services and to identify factors influencing the willingness to pay for agricultural information delivery services among the farmers. To achieve the objectives of the study, four PAs were included in the study...
Sero-epidemiological survey on toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Algeria
May 2015
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide distribution and a major public health problem. In Algeria, human toxoplasmosis is screened in pregnant women and immunosuppressed persons; however, no information is available on the animal infection and a probable implication of the parasite in abortions occurring in the field. This sero-epidemiological cross-type survey on toxoplasmosis in cattle (332), sheep (276)...
Phytosociological survey of weed in cassava cultivation in Southwestern Bahia, Brazil
May 2015
Phytosociological surveys are basis for weed management in agricultural crops. We aimed in this study to survey weed within a cassava cultivation field in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Southwestern Bahia, Brazil. The crop was grown for 18 months (from January 2013 to July 2014), with samples at 35, 70 and 105 days after planting (first year cultivation), and at 350, 385 and 420 days after planting (second...
Carcass pH and color of Horro rams under different management practices at Ambo University, Ethiopia
May 2015
This study was conducted to evaluate and determine the carcass pH and color of Horro rams under different management practices at Ambo University. A total of 24 Horro rams were randomly assigned to the following three treatments: T1 (Day 1 rest before slaughter), T2 (Rhodes hay ad libitum) and T3 (Rhodes hay ad libitum + 400 g concentrate per head/day). Carcass pH was determined at 15 min, 24, 48, and 72 h post...
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Malus domestica fruit extract from Kashan area
May 2015
Antioxidants are considered as the main factors in the inhibition of unwanted oxidation reactions. In this research the antioxidant potential of the fresh fruits of 4 cultivars of Malus domestica cultivated in the Kashan, Qamsar area was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of the samples were evaluated using two complementary antioxidant assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene/linoleic acid...
Morphological Characterization of Indigenous Woyto- Guji goat type in Loma district, Southern Ethiopia
May 2015
This study was conducted on 810 goats in three agro ecological zones (Highland, Midland and Lowland) of Loma district in southern Ethiopia were considered with sex and age groups factor to characterize morphologically Woyto Guji goat types in their home tract. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for recording morphological features, body weights and linear body measurements. Both qualitative and quantitative traits were...
Economic viability of the agricultural recycling of sewage sludge in Brazil
May 2015
The sewage sludge can be used for agricultural recycling as biosolids, since all the legal requirements are fulfilled, in plantations whose edible part does not have contact with the ground, thus its use is not allowed with the oleraceous, tubers, roots and flooded cultures. Considering that, from data collected by the Sanitation Company of Paraná (SANEPAR), the agronomic analysis reports of 10 lots of biosolids...
Comparative efficacy of brown, red and green seaweed extracts on low vigour sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) var. TN (SUF) 7 seeds
May 2015
Extracts of the brown seaweeds (Sargassum myricocystum) red seaweed (Gracilaria edulis) and green seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa) have been used as a biostimulant to promote seedling emergence and vigour. The two different concentrations (1 and 5%) and soaking durations of (1:1 seed t solution ratio) were used. Results of the present study suggest that the sunflower seed soaked in 5% C. racemosa seaweed extract for 8 h...
Gross antibodies, chemical composition of bovine milk and its influence by thermal stability
May 2015
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), chemical composition contents of bovine milk during the first week of postpartum and the effect of heat treatments on bovine colostrum IgG contents were evaluated. Individual milk samples were collected from five cows at 0 to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days postpartum. The obtained results showed that the total solids, total protein, fat and ash contents decreased irregular with time after...
Determinants of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among onion producing farmers in irrigated agriculture: Empirical evidence from Kobo district, Amhara region, Ethiopia
May 2015
This study investigated the determinants of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among small-scale onion farmers in North Wollo zone of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 200 respondents randomly selected from designated locations in the study area. A stochastic production frontier function was fitted to the sample households. The findings...
Sensitivity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from green beans to fungicides and race determination of isolates from State of São Paulo, Brazil
May 2015
This study determined the physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates, causal agent of anthracnose, collected in green bean producing regions, and assessed the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of isolates to fungicides. Physiological races of isolates were determined by inoculation of bean differential cultivars under controlled conditions. In vitro sensitivity of colony growth and conidial germination...
Determinants of livelihood diversification strategies: The case of smallholder rural farm households in Debre Elias Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
May 2015
Smallholder rural farm households face an increasing need of looking for alternative income sources to supplement their small scale agricultural activities. However, livelihood diversification is determined by complex and yet empirically untested factors in Debre Elias Woreda. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in the study area. The data were collected...
Effect of salinity on seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus
May 2015
Salinity is one of the most common abiotic factors in the world and which strongly limits crop yields. Germination under salt stress could be a quick test to look for salt-tolerant plants. Our study was carried out on the seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a mallow native to East Africa, known for its fruit used as a vegetable, rich in vitamin C and calcium. The objective of this experiment is to study the...
Rainwater harvesting potential for crop production in the Bugesera district of Rwanda
May 2015
The objective of this study was to test the utility of a spatial explicit water balance technique in assessing the rainwater harvesting potential for crop production to design food security strategies in the Bugesera District. The district was delineated into 19 catchments through the hydroprocessing algorithm in ILWIS using the SRTM 90 m DEM, and runoff, a proxy of the potential rainwater harvest, was computed using...
Insecticidal activities and chemical composition of the essential oil from Tarchonanthus camphoratus (L.), leaves against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
May 2015
The essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus dry leaves growing in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa was obtained by hydrodistillation and evaluated for its repellent effect, contact and fumigation toxicity against both Sitophilus zeamais and Sarocladium oryzae. Chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The study revealed that the essential oil of T. camphoratus...
Integrated management of leaf and neck blast disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae
May 2015
An investigation was carried out at two locations during Kharif 2007 - 2008, to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, bio-agent and botanicals for the management of rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, on highly susceptible cv. Pankhali. All the spray treatments proved effective and reduce leaf and neck blast intensity and significantly increased the yield parameters. Among the treatments, tricyclazole proved...
Combining ability of some sorghum lines for dry lands and sub-humid environments of East Africa
May 2015
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a major food crop grown in dry lands and sub-humid areas of East Africa. A study was conducted between 2010 to 2012 in dry lands (Miwaleni, Kiboko) and sub-humid (Ukiriguru) environments to identify parents for hybrid production. It involved 121 lines from ICRISAT and 121 hybrids developed from 36 male sterile lines and 42 restorer lines in a line × tester crossing....
Diagrammatic scale for blister spot in leaves of coffee tree
May 2015
Blister Spot is a disease transmitted through seeds. This characteristic of the disease reveals the studies of severity can offer more replies than the studies of incidence. Due to the inexistence of standardized for visual quantification of the Blister Spot’s severity, the aim of this work was to build up and validate a diagrammatic scale for evaluating the severity of Blister Spot in coffee tree. Leaves in the...
Approaches and methods used in analyzing compliance with fishery regulations
May 2015
This paper reviews existing literature on analytical framework and methodological approaches to study noncompliance with fishery regulations. The causes of the problem of illegal fishing and noncompliance with fishery regulations are analysed and reasons behind the failure of current management regimes to promote sustainable management and exploitation of fishery are investigated. Several deterrence models have...
Quantity-intensity characteristics of Potassium (K) in relation to potassium availability under different cropping system in alluvial soils
May 2015
Potassium availability to the plant is influenced by internal soil properties and other external properties. Quantity intensity characteristics are one of the satisfactory measures of potassium dynamics and its availability. So quantity intensity characteristics of potassium were studied to quantify the potassium availability in three different cropping systems viz., paddy-paddy, banana and paddy-pulse based. Three soil...
Agronomic performance of soybean according to stages of development and levels of defoliation
May 2015
Insect pests have led to decreases in grain yield; yet this occurrence depends on the level of defoliation and the reproductive stage of the plant when defoliation occurs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the cultivar BRS Favorita RR® according to the stages of reproductive development of the plant at defoliation and the levels of defoliation. A randomized block...
Sources and rates of nitrogen fertilizer used in Mombasa guineagrass in the Brazilian Cerrado region
May 2015
Brazilian Cerrado is constituted largely by extensive grazing. In this region, livestock production indices are low, because the producers do not perform a soil amendment. The aim of this work was to study a pasture with high production potential using sources and rates of nitrogen (N). Nitrogen sources used were: Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulphonitrate, sulfammo and urea applied on the basis of 100...
Sustainable timber utilization and management in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
May 2015
This study was carried out to ascertain the perception of the people on sustainable timber utilization and management in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected from the timber producing areas of the state, and multi stage random sampling technique was employed to select a total of 150 respondents. Primary data were used for the study. Structured questionnaire was used...
Study of the influence of physico-chemical characteristics of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) stem on its varietal vulnerability to termites ravaging cuttings Odontotermes sp. aff. Erraticus
May 2015
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) includes a multitude of varieties different by several parameters, each of them with specific characteristics. Some of these varietal specificities may constitute the seat of an influence on the vulnerability of this plant to stresses. In this present study, we proposed to assess the impact of physico-chemical parameters of the cassava stem on its varietal sensitivity to termites...
Impact of cooperative society on fish farming comercialization in Lagos State, Nigeria
April 2015
This study was carried out to determine the impact of cooperative society among the fish farmers in Lagos State. A multi stage purposive sampling techniques was used to select five Local Government areas notable for fish farming business. 30 fish farmers were selected from each of the Local Government areas for cooperative society and 30 farmers from non cooperative society having a total of 150 respondents each. A well...
Identification of a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker linked to the Puccinia psidii resistance gene 1 (Ppr1) in Eucalyptus grandis
April 2015
While random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to disease resistance genes have been widely used in plant breeding programs, they generally lack reproducibility. To overcome this major disadvantage and other drawbacks, RAPD markers can be converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which are genetically defined loci amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using...
Ichthyofaunal diversity of mountain streams in the Tongboshan Nature Reserve, China
April 2015
Tongboshan Nature Reserve (between 28°03′30′′ - 28°10′33′′N and 118°12′00′′ - 118°21′36′′E) is located in the northeast of the Wuyi Mountain Range in the eastern Jiangxi Province. The fish fauna of mountain streams in the nature reserve was investigated seasonally during 2012. A total of 442 samples were collected and classified into...
An appraisal-analyze method for SWC function of forest in Simian Mountain, China
April 2015
Soil erosion is one of the biggest environmental problems. It is urgently needed to understand soil and water conservation capacity of different plantation types so that the best plantation type can be determined. In Qinjiagou watershed of Simian Mountain, Chongqing City, 18 indices were selected from canopy layer, litter layer, soil layer and topography to evaluate the soil and water conservation capacities of four...
Evaluation of aerobic hybrid analysis of combining ability in three line hybrids in Rice (oryza sativa l.) under aerobic conditions
April 2015
Information on the availability of genetic variability and mode of gene action are critically important for choosing effective breeding methods that result in appreciable improvement in performance under drought stress. An investigation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was carried out subjecting six ‘lines’ and 15 ‘testers’ crossed in a Line x Tester mating design and the 90 hybrids along with 21...
Technical-economical evaluation of a solar water heater with vacuum tubes collector, used in a rural area in Paraná, Brazil
April 2015
Solar radiation is a source of energy that can be used directly by residences and industries. In this work, the efficiency of a solar collector type all-glass installed in a rural area in Paraná, Brazil, in the winter period, was evaluated. Two daily showers were simulated in three different scenarios, to measure additional electrical consumption used to boost the heating of water. In the first scenario,...
Foliar application of molybdenum improves nitrogen uptake and yield of sunflower
April 2015
Molybdenum (Mo) foliar spray may improve the nitrogen acquisition by the plants and increase the crop yield. The effects of Mo foliar spray on nitrogen nutrition, achene yield and yield components of sunflower were investigate in this study. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Hapludox in Chavantes, São Paulo, Brazil under conventional tillage system. Treatments consisted of five Mo concentrations [0...
Farmers’ risk perceptions and adaptation to climate change in Lichinga and Sussundenga, Mozambique
April 2015
In Africa, climate change exerts significant pressure on the agricultural sector. Current changes in climate for most parts of Mozambique have resulted in increased frequency of droughts, dry spells and uncertain rainfall. This has resulted in loss of food production and smallholder farmers are most vulnerable to these climatic disasters as they affect the food security status of the household. Despite an increased...
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