Extraction performances of polar and non-polar solvents on the physical and chemical indices of African breadfruit (Treculia africana) seed oil
October 2008
The physical and chemical indices of African breadfruit (Treculia Africana) seed oil extracted with polar (isopropanol, Hexane and butanol) and non polar (Acetone) solvents were investigated. The oil (19.85%) and energy contents 452.35 (Kcal) suggest that African breadfruit seeds are a high-energy food. The yields were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different with hexane extracted (non-polar solvent) oil...
Effect of partially defatted soybeans or groundnut cake flours on proximate and sensory characteristics of kokoro
September 2008
Kokoro a local maize snack was made from substitution of maize flour with either defatted soybean or groundnut cake flour (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 1:9 substitution ratios) were evaluated for proximate and sensory qualities. Increase in substitution ratio produced kokoro with higher nutritional content (28.46 and 35.10 percent protein for those made from 1:9 substitution ratio respectively). Increase in...
Some properties of starches from cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) grown in Malawi
September 2008
The physicochemical and functional properties of starch from cocoyam and ten varieties of cassava grown in Malawi were studied to unravel their potential in industrial application. The properties of starch varied significantly with crop and among varieties. Cocoyam starch granules exhibited polygonal truncated shapes and small sizes (average of 7µm) while the cassava starch granules were rounded,...
Evaluation of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) -wheat composite flour and bread
August 2008
Consumer interest in dietary fiber has continued to increase as more information about its potential impact on health has become available. Among the underutilized crops in Nigeria is tigernut which could find useful application in baking industry because of its high level of dietary fibre and other inherent properties. This study therefore aimed at widening tigernut utilization in the country....
Residues of CymelarsanR in camels (Camelus dromedaries) and Nubian goats infected with T.evansi in Sudan
August 2008
Ninety out of hundred Nubian goats were experimentally infected withTrypanosoma evansi and twenty out of twenty-five camels naturally infected with the same parasite were used in this experiment. Single I / M doses of Cymelarsan were given to four groups at rates of 0.125, 0.25, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg. Other four groups were also given the drug via I / M route at rates of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg /...
Chemical composition and pasting properties of tapioca grits from different cassava varieties and roasting methods
July 2008
This study investigated the chemical composition and pasting properties of tapioca grits from different cassava varieties and roasting methods. Tapioca grits (partially gelatinized irregular flakes from roasted cassava starch), were produced from three different cassava varieties (Odongbo, TMS 30572 and Oko-iyawo) and two roasting methods (traditional and rotary dryer). The chemical composition and pasting properties of...
Drawback of loop-mediated isothermal amplification
July 2008
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was a novel nucleic acid amplification method that amplified DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity. In our research, LAMP was developed to detect foodborn Salmonella in raw milk, a set of six primers, two outer, two inner...
Inclusion of marine fish in traditional meals improved iodine status of children in an iodine deficient area
May 2008
The present study was carried out in an iodine deficient area in Northern Ghana, and the purpose of the study was: (1) to undertake a food dietary survey on school children in an iodine deficient area, (2) measure the iodine content in the staple food of this area, (3) carry out an intervention study with a traditional food supplemented with marine fish as a natural iodine source. Sixty school...
Quality evaluation of canned fermented oil bean seed slices during ambient storage
May 2008
African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) seed slices were prepared, fermented and canned in three different media using conventional batch retort procedures. The canned products were subjected to sensory evaluation using a 20 man panel of judges, and to six months’ ambient storage with monthly analysis being carried out for total viable counts, peroxide values, free fatty acids and acid...
Physico-chemical properties of cashew tree gum
May 2008
The physico-chemical properties of cashew gum (CG) collected from four cashew growing districts, Sampa, Wenchi, Bole and Jirapa in Ghana were studied to help promote the utilization of cashew gum in the food industry. The gum was collected from trees of two different age groups, those that were 10 years and below and those above 10 years. Physico-chemical properties of CG were compared to those of gum Arabic....
Effect of steeping time of milled grains on the quality of Kunnu-Zaki (A Nigerian beverage)
April 2008
Millet grains were steeped in water for varying period of time during “kunun-zaki” production in order to study the effect of the duration of steeping on the quality of “kunu zaki”. Other processing factors were kept constant in the course of this study. Kunun zaki produced from millet grains steeped for 36 h was rated best in terms of sensory characteristics. The steeping period had...
Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato waste in water using the extractor Naviglio®
April 2008
In this paper an innovative process for the extraction of pure lycopene from tomato-waste in water that uses the Extractor Naviglio® and water as solvent is presented. The use of water as extracting solvent considerably reduces the cost of the entire process if compared with the commonly used solvent-based procedure or with the newer supercritical extraction process of lycopene from tomato-waste....
Atherogenicity of Cucumeropsis mannii and Cucumis sativus oils from Cameroon
March 2008
The atherogenicity of Cucumeropsis mannii and Cucumis sativus oils was compared to that of corn oil and palm oil. Female wistar albino rats of 6 weeks old weighing 58 – 65 g were randomly assigned to one of four diet groups: C. mannii and C. sativus oils (test diets) and corn and palm oil (control diets). There was weight gain in all the groups amounting to 128.65% (palm...
Role of agricultural biodiversity on dietary intake and nutrition status of preschool children in Matungu Division, Western Kenya
March 2008
In order to determine the role of agricultural biodiversity on dietary intake and nutrition status of preschool children in western Kenya, a sample of 144 households with preschool children was systematically drawn from Matungu division. Structured questionnaires and anthropometric tools were used for data collection. Agricultural biodiversity was measured by variety of food crops grown, animals domesticated...
Effect of hybrid gas-liquid electrical discharge on liquid foods (milk)
February 2008
Pulsed high voltage discharges have been recently developed as sterilization method to replace the traditional thermal processes for the sterilization of liquid foods such as milk. The gas-liquid hybrid discharge (HD) reactor consists ofplexiglas cylinder containing the liquid of high voltage electrode above liquid’s surface and grounded electrode submerged in the liquid. The HD could produce both arc...
Quality estimation of cashew gum in the production of chocolate pebbles
February 2008
Due to the limited supply and high cost of gum Arabic, cashew gum (CG) was assessed as a quick coating agent in the production of chocolate pebbles, using gum from both young and mature cashew trees. Acute toxicity tests on rats did not reveal any abnormal changes attributable to ingestion of CG. Pebbles produced with CG samples were compared with those produced with gum Arabic. The ash contents of the three...
Hypolipidemic and antioxidant potency of heat processed turmeric and red pepper in experimental rats
January 2008
The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant potency of both raw and pressure-cooked turmeric and red pepper were evaluated in experimental rats rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding 0.5% cholesterol enriched diet and maintained for 8 weeks on 5% spice diet. Dietary turmeric and red pepper, either raw or heat processed significantly countered the extent of hypercholesterolemia. Serum total cholesterol was 31...
Detection of dilution of milk with the help of glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
January 2008
Glass transition temperature of pure milk, milk diluted with water, and pure milk in which sugars like glucose, fructose and sucrose were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature Tg of pure milk (containing 89.2 kg water and 10.8 kg total solids per 100 kg milk) varied between -114 to -118oC. Effect of change in composition of the milk varying the amounts...
An innovative solid-liquid extraction technology: use of the naviglio extractor® for the production of lemon liquor
December 2007
This document is a review on solid-liquid extractive techniques and describes an innovative solid-liquid extraction technology using the Naviglio Extractor®. Also explained is an application for the production of alcoholic extract from lemon peel. The alcoholic extract, mixed with a sugar and water solution in the right proportions is used to make a well known Italian lemon liquor commonly named...
Anti-allergic effects on addition of hydroperoxide to dough fermentation
December 2007
The anti-allergic effects on dough fermentation of hydroperoxides produced by lipid peroxidation through lipoxygenase induction were studied. The anti-allergic effect of hydroperoxides to dough fermentation on antigen-antibody reaction involving IgE was examined. Crude proteins extracted from the dough including hydroperoxides showed weaker antigen-antibody reactions on allergic tests such as precipitin ring...
Effects of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids compositions of three live prey enrichments on the survival and growth of common dentex’s larvae (Dentex dentex, L)
November 2007
The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (S-type) and Artemia were fed with three enrichment types (Nanno: Nannochloropsis occulata, CEP: Commercial Enrichment Products: Selco® from INVE Aquaculture NV and CLO: Cod Liver Oil emulsion). The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in the regimes was tested to estimate survival and growth of common dentex larvae. During rotifers feeding...
Physico-chemical changes and diastatic activity associated with germinating paddy rice (PSB.Rc 34)
November 2007
Paddy rice was germinated for 0, 5, 7 and 9 days period at 32°C. Physical and chemical characteristics, as well as diastatic activity were determined using standard methods. Drastic decreases in thousand-grain weight, starch content, and viscosity of malt paste with significant increases in sugar content and diastatic activity were observed during germination (P<0.05). The 9-day malted rice...
Energy and nutrient contents of “waterfufu and eruâ€
October 2007
Because of persistent reports of malnutrition in some parts of Cameroon, a popular Cameroonian food, “waterfufu and eru” was analyzed for its energy value and nutrient content in order to determine to what extent it satisfies recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Results showed that average serving size of the dish was 409 g. This amount provided 601 kcal of energy, 281 g of moisture, 82 g of...
Breadfruit flour in biscuit making: effects on product quality
October 2007
Breadfruit was processed into flour and used to supplement wheat flour, in the percentages of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25, for biscuit production. The proximate composition, sensory evaluation and microbiological quality, in terms of aerobic plate count, were evaluated. The crude fibre and ash contents (%) increased with increase in the proportion of breadfruit flour...
Immunoaffinity column as cleanup tool for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of ractopamine detection in various tissues of swine
October 2007
Ractopamine has been developed to be the main β-agonist substance used illegally in meat producing animals. A simple and efficient extraction and purification procedure for ractopamine was developed by means of the immunoaffinity column (IAC) as a cleanup tool. Purified polyclonal antibodies against RCT were produced and coupled covalently to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Both the binding conditions and elution...
Incorporation of peanut as a substitute for egg in a master mix of a pastry product: composition and acceptability studies
September 2007
The composition and acceptability of a pastry product ‘chin chin’ prepared by substituting egg with peanut in the master mix has been studied. Six different samples of the pastry product were produced. One sample was produced with neither egg nor peanut incorporated. Another sample had only egg incorporated while four samples had ground raw peanut incorporated in them at 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w...
Characterization of two isolated lactococcal strains with respect to bacteriocin-concentrations
September 2007
Lactococcus lactis strains present in wara (local cheese), and nunu (skimmed sour milk) were isolated. These were L. lactis WO81 and N13L. Nisin assays were by agar diffusion test and turbidimetric assay. There was no successful detection of an inhibition zone with wara. However, L. lactis strain WO81 from wara was able to produce nisin. Exponential growth occurred for about 14 h...
Microbial quality assessment of kunun-zaki beverage sold in Girei town of Adamawa State, Nigeria
September 2007
Thirty Kunun- zaki samples were obtained as freshly formulated beverages from 10 different local hawkers in Girei town, Adamawa State, Nigeria and screened for microbial contamination. The pH of the samples ranged between 3.44 - 4.34 and total bacterial count ranged between 1.0 x 103 - 1.8 x 104 cells/ml. The presence of high microbial loads was indication of poor hygiene and/or poor...
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