Glycemic indices of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) meals
August 2010
The glycemic response of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) commonly consumed in Nigeria were assessed using sixty healthy subjects. The post-prandial serum glucose concentration over a period of 2 h were determined half hourly, after the ingestion of the test foods. Blood glucose curves were constructed to calculate the glycemic index of the test foods. The results revealed that the Glycemic...
Total lipid content, fatty acid and mineral compositions of muscles and liver in wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
August 2010
The fatty acid and mineral compositions in the dorsal and ventral muscles and liver of wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. The farmed animals showed a significant higher fat content (p < 0.05) than the wild ones, for all studied samples. The percentages of SFA and PUFA as well as the n-6/n-3 were higher (p < 0.05) in the muscle in wild compared with farmed sea bass. However, in liver,...
What are the key factors of food insecurity among Senegalese farmers?
August 2010
During 2008, many of sub-saharan African economies have been obliged to suspend their imports tariffs due to the magnitude of the food crisis. Frequent riots experienced in several cities have then raised the deep issue of food security. The purpose of this paper is to identify for the case of Senegal the major causes of food insecurity among rural households which are more affected, in particular farmers. An ordered...
Glycemic index of three common varieties of Bangladeshi rice in healthy subjects
August 2010
Rice is a major staple food in Asian countries and it is a rich source of carbohydrate. Since Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL) and Insulinemic Index (II) (three important measures of clinical concern in the management and prevention of diabetes and metabolic syndrome) vary from population to population, we have measured these parameters in healthy Bangladeshi subjects with 3...
Some nutrients and antinutrients contents of mango (Magnifera indica) seed
August 2010
Proximate composition, amino acid profile and antinutrients contents of mango seed were investigated. The results of proximate analysis show that mango seed contains (10.06 ± 0.12%) crude protein, (14.80 ± 0.13%) oil, (2.62 ± 0.02%) ash, (2.40 ± 0.01%) crude fibre, 70.12 ± 1.34%) carbohydrate and energy content (453.92 ± 4.32 KJ/100 g). The...
Impact of cold storage and blending different lactations of cow’s milk on the quality of Domiati cheese
August 2010
The present investigation studied the making of Domiati cheese from raw or pasteurized cow’s milk stored at 4 - 5°C for 24 or 48 h as well as the effect of mixing equal amounts of evening and morning milk with cold stored cow's milk on some properties of Domiati cheese. Domiati cheese made from cooled stored cow's milk, either raw or pasteurized, had lower yields, TS, fat, TN and higher acidity, salt,...
Iodine content of iodized salt available in retail outlets in Mthatha
August 2010
This study assesses the iodine content variations according to physical structure of salt and the socioeconomic status (SES). The cross sectional iodometric titration was used to determine iodine in salt samples according to the legal requirements of 40 - 60 ppm. Salt brands were purchased in a representative number of shops in Mthatha, South Africa and 66 samples were analyzed. The legal requirement was present in 38%...
Perception of food quality in yams among some Nigerian farmers
August 2010
Yam, a staple and ceremonial crop is intimately integrated into the socio-cultural, economic and religious customs of several West African communities. This study presents a qualitative investigation of the perception of food quality in yams by farmers. Food quality in the yam tuber is significant in determining its utilization (both at subsistence and industrial level) and acceptability of yam’s food products by...
Effect of maturity stage on protein fractionation, in vitro protein digestibility and anti-nutrition factors in pineapple (Ananas comosis) fruit grown in Southern Sudan
August 2010
The investigation shows that albumin, globulin and protein content increases with increase in the days of maturity stage. While glotulin and non-protein nitrogen decreases with increase in the days of maturity stage. The prolamine remains constant during the maturity. An in vitro protein digestibility improves by decreases in tannin and phytic acid with increase in the days of maturity stage because...
Effects of oil palm phenolics on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
August 2010
The effects of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on cell lines were demonstrated in this study. OPP dose-dependent studies in selected cell cultures showed that OPP inhibited the proliferation of mouse IgA-secreting myeloma (J558), estrogen-receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells at all doses. However, OPP enhanced the proliferation of Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) and Aedes...
Percentage oil yield and physiochemical properties of different groundnut species (Arachis hypogaea)
July 2010
Percentage oil yield and physicochemical properties of five different groundnut species (Valencia (Gargajiya), Virginia (Kampala Mubi and Michika) and Runner (Kwachamba brown and red) cultivated locally was determined. Results obtained showed that Gargajiya species yielded the highest amount of oil (37.80 ± 2.21%), closely followed by kampala michika (37.40 ± 3.20%) while...
Nutrient composition and contribution of noodles (abacha) and local salad from cassava (Manihot spp.) to nutrient intake of Nigerian consumers
July 2010
Dietary diversification through indigenous diets as means of ensuring household nutrition security is being promoted. Cassava diets constitute staple food to most Nigerian populace, but their contribution to nutrient intake is not well documented. Nutrient composition, effect of processing, and contribution of noodles (Abacha) and local salad from cassava to nutrient intake of consumers were studied....
Comparative study related to physico-chemical properties and sensory qualities of tomato juice and cocktail juice produced from oranges, tomatoes and carrots
July 2010
Fruits and vegetables belong to an important class of foods that supply human diet with nutritive requirements including vitamins and minerals which are essential for normal body health and function. The study was carried out to determine the physico-chemical properties and sensory qualities of tomato juice and cocktail juice produced from oranges, tomatoes and carrots. Two varieties of tomatoes, known in...
Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity studies of commercial Argania spinosa seed oil (argan oil) using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster
July 2010
Argan oil is receiving increasing attention due to its potential health benefits in the prevention of cardiovascular and cancer risk, but no information to date is available about its genotoxic or antigenotoxic effect. The genotoxicity and the antigenotoxicity of commercial argan oil and its unsaponifiable fraction (UF) against Drosophila melanogaster was evaluated using wing spots enumeration....
The health implications of the dietary nutrients detected in the vegetable leaves intercropped with Raphia hookeri palms
July 2010
Nigerian green vegetables were intercropped with Raphia hookeri palms. The leaves of the vegetables and Raphia palms were harvested. Proximate composition and mineral contents of the leaves were analyzed by standard methods. The proximate composition result (Mean) ranged between: 72.9 - 91.2 (%Moisture), 1.3 - 3.0(% Proteins), 0.3 - 3.0(% Lipid), 1.5 - 4.2 (%Crude fibre), 1.0 - 4.0 (%Ash)...
Food safety - related control measures in emerging aquaculture enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa: Compliance of Uganda’s operations against international market requirements
July 2010
Selected commercial aquaculture enterprises in Uganda were evaluated for compliance with internationally recommended food safety-related control measures. Food hazard control measures at potential critical control points of: farm siting, farm facilities and premises, and facilities for feed processing and storage, chemical storage, drug storage and waste storage were evaluated. Requirements for traceability,...
Impacts of storage conditions on physicochemical characteristics of honey samples from Burkina Faso
July 2010
Apiculture is income generating activity that has known a real development in Burkina Faso. The quantity of honey produced was more and more increased. Unfortunately, data on physicochemical characteristics were scare. Honey samples collected from beekeepers since 2001 to 2005 and stored in the laboratory at temperature between 35 to 40°C and at the moisture between 50 to 60%, and some bought in the market in 2007...
Determination of key elements by ICP-OES in commercially available infant formulae and baby foods in Saudi Arabia
July 2010
Health risk for infant and toddler is a serious threat in the presence of many key elements in baby foods and infant formulas. Manufactures are important part of the diet for babies. We have analyzed various essential Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn and non essential elements Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Sn in 56 samples, collected in different area of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Essential elements were analyses and...
Nigerian dates: Elemental uptake and recommended dietary allowances
July 2010
Dry dates were purchased weekly from the open market in Benin City. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the following elements in the mesocarp of the dates: Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, Pb, Hg, Cr and Cd. The flame photometer was used to determine Na and K. Results obtained indicated that K had the highest concentration, followed by Ca, Mg and Na, respectively. The other elements were present...
A review of osmodehydration for the food industry
June 2010
As a cost saving drying technology, osmotic dehydration is not receiving much attention in the food industry due to the poor understanding of the counter current flow phenomena associated with it. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the underlying principles of the counter current flow to improve industrial implementation of the technology. Osmotic dehydration experiments had been reported plant...
The leavening ability of baker’s yeast on dough prepared with composite flour (wheat/cassava)
June 2010
The leavening ability of baker’s yeast on dough prepared with composite flour (wheat/cassava) was investigated. The composite flour was prepared in four different proportions and it was discovered that an increase in the quantity of cassava flour caused a decrease in the ability of the baker’s yeast to leaven the dough. However, the composite flour with 10% cassava flour produced an appreciable...
Improvement of the quality and shelf-life of minced beef mixed with soyprotein by Sage (Saliva officinalis)
June 2010
The effect of various concentrations of sage (Saliva officinalis) on the microbial quality and the shelf-life of minced beef mixed with soybean protein was investigated. For this purpose, minced beef mixed with soybean protein samples were divided into four groups. First group was kept as a control group, others ones were treated with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% sage extract. All samples were stored at 4°C and microbiological...
Vitamins and effect of blanching on nutritional and anti-nutritional values of non-conventional leafy vegetables
June 2010
The leaves of 14 non-conventional vegetables consumed by rural populace in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria were assessed for vitamin and effect of blanching on their nutrients and anti-nutrients content. Ficus asperifolia has the highest level of vitamins followed by Adansonia digitata. These values are higher compared to those of some common Nigerian vegetables. Data obtained for...
Influence of of extrusion variables on some functional properties of extruded millet-soybean for the manufacture of ‘fura’: A Nigerian traditional food
June 2010
‘Fura’ is a traditional thick dough ball snack produced principally from millet or sorghum which is common in Northern Nigeria. It is consumed with ‘nono’ (local yoghurt produced from cow milk) or mashed in water before consumption in the form of porridge. The effects of extrusion conditions feed composition (ratio of soybean to millet), percentage moisture wet basis and screw speed...
Determination of caffeine content of tea and instant coffee brands found in the Kenyan market
June 2010
Caffeine (1, 3, 5-trimethylxanthine), a mild addicting drug though used for medicinal purposes is the active ingredient that makes tea and coffee valuable to humans. In this study, the levels of caffeine in certain coffee (nescafe, africafe, dormans) and tea (chai mara moja, kericho gold, sasini, finlays premium) brands found in the Kenyan market were determined using high performance...
Effect of storage temperatures on microbial load of some dates palm fruit sold in Saudi Arabia market
June 2010
Forty samples of four date palm fruit varieties (Rezizi, khlas, Sukri and Sefri) collected from date factories located in Riyadh and Al hasa regions in Saudi Arabia were examined for their total microbial load (Mesophilic aerobic count, Yeasts and Molds count, Spore-formers bacteria and Osmophilic yeast count). The effects of different storage temperatures (26, 4 and -19ºC) for six months on...
Sensory and nutritional quality characteristics of powdered ‘Kunun-zaki’: A Nigerian fermented cereal beverage
June 2010
Four types of ‘kunun-zaki’ produced in this study (millet + malted rice, millet + malted rice + starter culture, millet + wheat + malted rice, millet + wheat + malted rice + starter culture) were freeze-dried and evaluated for chemical (pH, titratable acidity); nutritional and sensory quality attributes and compared with the freshly prepared one. Changes in chemical and sensory...
Evaluation of suitability of commercially available maize grains for ‘tuwo’ production in Nigeria
June 2010
This study evaluated the physical characteristics of grains from five different maize varieties [that is, TZL Comp.3C2, TZL Comp.4C2, DMR-ESR-W, DMR-LSR-W and a market sample (Shagari variety)]. In addition, physicochemical properties of their flours, textural and sensory characteristics of tuwo (a maize-based non-fermented food dumpling) prepared from such flours were also evaluated. There...
Quantitative determination of active substances (preservatives) in Piliostigma thonningii and Khaya ivorensis leaves and subsequent transfer in treated dry-yam
June 2010
The local processors of dry-yams used varied quantities of Piliostigma thonningii(Abafe) and Khaya ivorensis (Agehu) leaves as preservatives in which unknown quantities of active substances (flavonoids and limonoids, respectively) from the leaves were transferred into the dry-yams. The quantity of active substances in P. thonningii and K. ivorensis leaves, respectively, and the amount transferred...
Heavy metal levels of some fruits and leafy vegetables from selected markets in Lagos, Nigeria
June 2010
Heavy metal levels in sixteen different fruits and leafy vegetables from selected markets in Lagos, Nigeria were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the levels of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Cobalt and Nickel ranged from 0.072±0.06 to 0.128±0.03; 0.003±0.01 to 0.005±0.01; 0.002±0.00 to 0.015±0.02; 0.039±0.01 to...
Assessment of bread safety in Nigeria: Quantitative determination of potassium bromate and lead
June 2010
Potassium bromate is an additive widely employed by bread makers to improve bread quality. On account of its deleterious effect and carcinogenicity in humans, certain levels of potassium bromate are not allowed in bread. Use of potassium bromate in bread is banned in many countries including Nigeria. The present evaluation was carried out in eastern part of Nigeria where consumption of bread is high....
Growth, fruit yield and nutritional quality of tomato varieties
June 2010
Experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil at the Teaching and Research farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso (8°10N; 4°10E) between April and July, 2004 to evaluate the growth, fruit yield and quality of seven varieties of tomato in the Guinea Savannah zone of South West Nigeria. The varieties tested were, DT97/162A(R), DT97/215A,...
Change in the total phenol content and antioxidant properties of pepperfruit (Dennettia tripetala) with ripening
June 2010
Pepperfruit (Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) is a well-known Nigerian spicy medicinal plant normally used in folk medicine to cure fever, cough, toothache, as well as a stimulant and in the preparation of some special dishes for pregnant and postpartum women. The present study sought to assess the antioxidant properties of the aqueous extract of ripe (RPF) and unripe pepperfruit (UPF) extract. The aqueous...
Quality of buffalo meat keema at different storage temperature
June 2010
Buffalo meat from young male, spent male and spent female groups was evaluated to develop ready to eat keema. The keema prepared by standardized formulations and processing were stored at ambient (37±1°C) and refrigeration (4±1°C) temperature and the quality was compared on day 3. The physicochemical characteristics showed significantly higher energy and fat content in keema prepared...
The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants - A review
May 2010
Minerals are inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts from less than 1 to 2500 mg per day, depending on the mineral. As with vitamins and other essential food nutrients, mineral requirements vary with animal species. For example, humans and other vertebrates need large amounts of calcium for construction and maintenance of bone and normal function of nerves and muscles. Phosphorus is an...
Optimisation of raw tooke flour, vital gluten and water absorption in tooke/wheat composite bread: Effect of raw tooke flour and vital gluten on wheat flour physicochemical and dough rheological properties (Part I)
May 2010
Raw Tooke Flour (RTF) is a generic, shelf stable flour from matooke (a cooking banana variety) targeting the baking industry. However, its lack of gluten has hampered development of RTF/wheat composite bread. It is thus necessary to optimize levels of substitution of RTF into wheat flour with vital gluten as a processing aid for improving rheological and baking properties. The specific objective of this study was to...
Optimisation of raw tooke flour, vital gluten and water absorption in tooke/wheat composite bread, using response surface methodology (Part II)
May 2010
The objective of this study was to optimise raw tooke flour-(RTF), vital gluten (VG) and water absorption (WA) with respect to bread-making quality and cost effectiveness of RTF/wheat composite flour. The hypothesis generated for this study was that optimal substitution of RTF and VG into wheat has no significant effect on baking quality of the resultant composite flour. A basic white...
Nutritive value and sensory evaluation of airline snacks
May 2010
This study was conducted to assess the nutritive value of Libyan Airline Snacks in comparison with (Recommended Dietary Allowances) RDA and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected snacks on board the flights. Food samples collected from the catering department of Benina International Airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months. For sensory evaluation of selected snacks, a self administered...
Functional and sensory properties of wheat (Aestium triticium) and taro flour (Colocasia esculenta) composite bread
May 2010
Functional and sensory properties of wheat (Aestium triticium) and taro (colocasia esculenta) composite bread were investigated. Unblanched and blanched flour were produced from taro tubers. These were separately used to formulate composite flour blends with wheat flours in ratios of 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10. Functional properties, water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), packed bulk...
Effect of oven drying on the functional and nutritional properties of whole egg and its components
May 2010
The effect of oven drying on the functional and nutritional properties of whole egg and its components viz; emulsification capacity and stability, foam capacity and stability, water and oil adsorption capacity, coagulation temperatures, solubility and nutritional composition was studied using standard methods. Obtained results showed that egg yolk powder had better emulsification capacity (74%) and stability...
Effects of packaging material on the quality of “pupuru†flour during storage
May 2010
“Pupuru” is a fermented cassava product dried by smoking. This study, investigated the effects of packaging material on the quality of “pupuru” flour stored at ambient condition (30.5 ± 3°C; RH 76.5 ± 3%) for 24 weeks. Pupuru flour was packaged in polyvinyl chloride (CP), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene...
Production proximate analysis and shelf life studies of ready-to-eat rice and kilishi
May 2010
Accelerated shelf life studies (50 ± 2°C, 27 ± 2°C) were carried out on meal -ready-to-eat (RTE) rice and “Kilishi” which were prepared and packaged in aluminum foil and high density polyethylene (50 µm gauge). Chemical, microbiological and proximate analysis of the product was carried out to ascertain the quality and safety of the meal. Total microbial load of the...
Physico-chemical assessment of natural sweeteners steviosides produced from Stevia rebaudiana bertoni plant
May 2010
Stevia plants are a good source of carbohydrates (61.93% d.w.), protein (11.41% d.w.), crude fiber (15.52% d.w.), minerals (K, 21.15; Ca, 17.7; Na, 14.93 and Mg, 3.26 mg/100 g d.w. and Cu, 0.73; Mn, 2.89; Fe, 5.89 and Zn, 1.26 mg/100 g d.w.) also essential amino acids were found in amounts higher than those recommended by FAO and WHO for adults as well as non- essential amino acids. Stevioside was...
Toxicity assessment of some tea labels from supermarkets in Ilorin, Nigeria using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay
May 2010
Brine shrimp lethality assay is a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. Food items and material safety are of necessity a regular exercise for routine check. Tea, a widely consumed drink after water therefore, needs to be assessed periodically and brine shrimp lethality assay is a suitable tool for this assessment. Toxicity assessment was conducted for various tea brands obtained from...
Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed efficiency and economic viability of rearing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings and juveniles
May 2010
Feeding frequency effect on growth performance, feed utilization and economic viability of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and juveniles were studied under natural photoperiods of 12/12 h light/dark cycle using a complete random design. Triplicate group of 10 fish with an initial mean weight of 8.5±0.1 and 34.3±0.1 g, respectively per tank (measuring 52 × 33.5 × 21 cm)....
Microbial quality of fruits and vegetables sold in Sango Ota, Nigeria
May 2010
Fresh fruits and vegetables promote good health but harbour a wide range of microbial contaminants. To assess the microbial quality of fruits and vegetables sold in Sango-Ota, 15 samples of different fruits and vegetables were purchased from three vendors. Samples were analyzed to study the density of microorganisms by standard plate count (SPC). Mean microbial load ranged from 1.3 x 106 –...
Nutritional value of some edible Mushrooms from Egbe farmland, West Yagba Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
May 2010
Studies were carried out on four different Species of wild mushrooms: Lentinus subnudus, Chlorophyllum molybditis, Marasmus species and Pleurotus tuberregium. The fungal species were analyzed for their nutritional compositions, biological and Structural characteristics. The fungal species were rich in proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates. The fibres contained in the different species were...
Evaluation of genetic potential of inbred pure lines of silkworm for breeding and cocoon production in Pakistan
May 2010
The fundamental aim of silkworm breeding is to get robust and sturdy silkworm larvae for easy rearing and production of best cocoons in quality and quantity for a high yielding cocoon crop. In Pakistan, efforts are being made continuously to give boost to the sericulture industry by developing pure parental silkworm lines suitable for rearing for commercial purposes. The study was carried out to evaluate...
Fungal and aflatoxin contamination of some human food commodities in Nigeria
April 2010
This paper provides data of investigation of fungal, aflatoxins M1 (AFM1) and B1(AFB1) contamination of three hundred and forty three samples of five different food commodities from three States in Nigeria. Maize samples from Niger (43) and Kogi (50) States and dried yam chips (50) from Niger State were purchased and assessed for fungal contaminants. Seventy (30 each from the maize samples and 11 from yam chips) of...
Effect of fortification of maize with cowpea and iron on growth and anaemia status of children
April 2010
Iron and iron deficiency anaemia is of concern globally, and most vulnerable are children and women. In Ghana, after six months of age when breast milk is not enough, children are given cereal-based gruels which are poor in nutrients. Addition of cowpea to maize improved nutrient quality but not enough to meet iron needs. We investigated the effect of iron-fortified maize-cowpea blend in controlling iron deficiency...
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