Process improvement as influenced by inoculum and product preservation in the production of Hawaijar - A traditional fermented Soybean
February 2011
Hawaijar is a fermented soybean product of Manipur state of India, which is traditionally prepared by fermenting cooked bean wrapped with Ficus (Ficus hispida) leaves in a bamboo basket. Microorganisms isolated from the traditionally fermented product wereBacillus subtilis and Xanthomonas. Individual and combined cultures indicated that B. subtilis would be the organism of choice...
Non-farm activities and arbitration between food and non food consumption in rural Burkina Faso: A household level analysis
February 2011
This article analyzes the impact of non-farm activities on food and non food arbitrage of rural households in Burkina Faso. It uses Probit selection rule and AIDS model for 256 households located in four agro-ecological areas. Results indicate that there are complementary and substitutability relationships between food and non foodstuffs in the rural area; no independent relationships have been identified...
Chemical composition and functional properties of flour and protein isolate extracted from Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean)
February 2011
The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition of flour and protein isolate extracted from Bambara groundnuts. Protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and total carbohydrates were 17.70, 6.58, 4.22, 3.50 and 86.0% in flour and 85.97, 0.0, 3.37, 0.02 and 10.64% in protein isolate, respectively. Functional properties of Bambara groundnuts were also studied. Bambara groundnuts flour and protein...
Use of the response surface methodology for optimizing the action of mashing enzymes on wort reducing sugars of the Madjeru sorghum cultivar
February 2011
A three factor Doehlert design was used to develop a statistical model to optimize the action of three commercial mashing enzymes (Hitempase 2XL, Bioglucanase TX and Brewers protease) on reducing sugars content of the worts of unmalted and malted Madjeru sorghum. The response surface methodology revealed that increasing amounts of Hitempase considerably increased reducing sugars content during...
Physicochemical and functional properties of bean flours of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) varieties in Ghana
February 2011
Cowpea, an important protein food, is used for its nutritional and functional properties. A study was carried out to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of seeds of 3 local cowpea varieties (‘Nhyira’, ‘Adom’ and ‘Tona’) in Ghana to assess their potential use in the food industry. Seed length, minor diameter, major diameter, and 100-grain weight were in...
Nutritional compositions, fungi and aflatoxins detection in stored ‘gbodo’ (fermented Dioscorea rotundata) and ‘elubo ogede’ (fermented Musa parasidiaca) from South western Nigeria
February 2011
Inadequate storage facilities in Nigeria have led to yearly wastage of harvested agricultural food products thereby causing great economic loss to our farmers. The dried yam and plantain chips in storage usually loose their integrities and nutrients due to contamination from biodeteriorating and aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxin detection, food values and mineral element compositions of locally made...
Effects of boiling solution (trona) concentration and time on the proximate composition and physico-chemical propterties of flour from three-leaved yam (Dioscorea dumetorum pax) tubers
January 2011
Samples of three-leaved yam (TLY) tubers were subjected to different boiling times using different concentrations of trona solution. The effects of these conditions on the proximate composition and physico-chemical properties were analyzed. The fat and fibre contents were not affected by changes in trona concentration and boiling time. The moisture and ash content increased with increase in trona concentration and...
Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible film incorporated with organic acids
January 2011
The effect of incorporating organic acids in whey protein based edible film, and its antimicrobial activity has been studied. Four organic acids namely acetic, lactic, propionic and benzoic acids (5% v/v each) were incorporated in whey protein based edible film, and their antimicrobial activity was tested...
Functional interaction components of protein isolates and glucomannan in food bars by FTIR and SEM studies
January 2011
Functional compounds between soya, wheat, corn protein isolates, and konjac glucomannan (KGM) and these dough mixtures were investigated by FTIR studies. The results showed that fragments–CONH2, were assigned to absorption bands in the region of 1634 - 1650 cm-1, and fragments–carboxyl groups of protein matrix were exhibited at the region of 3235 – 3460 cm-1. Whereas, the...
Comparative studies on the protein and mineral composition of some selected Nigerian vegetables
January 2011
Twenty seven (27) vegetable plant parts usually included in daily schedule of diet in Nigeria were analyzed for their protein and mineral compositions to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that almost all the vegetables contain appreciable amount of proteins and minerals. The protein content ranged from 0.04% in Sesanum indium leaf to 2.67% in Phaseolus...
Formulation and sensory evaluation of complementary foods from local, cheap and readily available cereals and legumes in Iringa, Tanzania
January 2011
Complementary foods in most developing countries are based on staple cereal or root crops.Although, commercial foods of high quality are occasionally available, they are often expensive and therefore unaffordable by low-income rural households. Different approaches are needed to offer families the opportunity to feed their infants on improved formulations using low cost and locally available staples. To improve the...
A comparative study of proximate composition, anti-nutrient composition and functional properties of Pachira glabra and Afzelia africana seed flours
January 2011
The flours of Pachira glabra and Afzelia africana seeds were produced and investigated for proximate, anti-nutrient composition and functional properties. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that the flour of A. africana was richer than that of P. glabra only in moisture content, crude protein and crude fat. The anti-nutrient component showed that P....
Effect of domestic processing on the amino acid profile of Dioscorea rotundata (White yam)
January 2011
Yam (Dioscorea species) is one of the most important food crops in West Africa. It is a major source of carbohydrates and nutrient energy for many people in tropical countries. Like many other foods, roots and tubers are rarely eaten raw. They normally undergo some forms of processing which makes them more palatable, digestible and safe for human consumption. Freshly harvested tubers of Dioscorea...
Enhancement of maturation and germination of somatic embryos in Persian walnut (Juglans regia l.) using osmolites, hormones and cold treatments
December 2010
Maturation of somatic embryos of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) was evaluated on media containing various concentrations of Gelrite® (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) and polyethylene glycol (0.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.5%) in the presence of 7.56 µmol abscisic acid and 3.0% sucrose. The highest rate of cotyledonary (70.0%) and normal (50.0%) somatic embryos was obtained using 0.3% Gelrite® without...
Effect of dried ginger powder, fennel powder, cumin powder and fresh ginger extract addition on supari from aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn)
December 2010
This work was carried out to study the nutraceutical and biochemical properties of value added supari from aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn). Aonla supari was prepared by osmotic dehydration (OD) process by placing fresh aonla fruit in various concentration of brine solution (2, 3 and 4% (W/V)). Dried ginger powder, fennel powder, cumin powder and fresh ginger extract have been taken in...
Nutritional status, food habits and energy profile of young adult Cameroonian university students
December 2010
In Cameroon, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are associated to emerging chronic diseases and are serious public health as reported on last nutritional surveys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and macronutrient intakes of 58 students comprising 39 male and 19 female, aged 21 to 31 years, in Douala, Cameroon. Average daily intakes of energy were then calculated from the protein, lipid and...
Determinants of income diversification strategies amongst rural households in maize based farming systems of Kenya
December 2010
Since independence, poverty reduction and enhanced food security have been Kenya Government’s objectives. At micro-level, households diversify income sources as a management strategy to enhance their welfare. However, this had not been satisfactorily achieved due to multiple factors. This research was aimed at analyzing factors influencing income diversification in maize based farming systems. It is...
Evaluation of the efficiency of yeast isolates from palm wine in diverse fruit wine production
December 2010
This study was aimed at investigating the suitability of three local fruits as substrates for wine production and the efficiency of four indigenous yeasts strains isolated from palm wine in comparison with the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae for alcoholic fermentation of fruits. A total of five yeast strains (S. cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces octoporus, Pichia spp. and Saccharomyces paradoxus)...
Nutritional and functional properties of Cirina forda larva from Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
December 2010
Proximate composition, mineral content and functional properties of the flour obtained from larvae of Cirina forda were evaluated. The proximate analysis revealed the crude protein to be 20.0 ± 0.2%, crude fat 12.5 ± 0.4%, moisture 4.5 ± 0.1%, ash 8.7 ± 0.1% and total carbohydrate 54.3 ± 0.2%. The mineral evaluation in mg/100g dry weight showed K (47.6 ±...
A review of microbiological safety of fruits and vegetables and the introduction of electrolyzed water as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite solution
December 2010
Over the past few years, food safety has become and continues to be the number one public concern. Considerable progress to strengthen food safety systems has been achieved in many countries, highlighting the opportunities to reduce and prevent food-borne disease. However, unacceptable rates of food-borne illness still remain and new hazards continue to enter the food supply chain. Contaminations in food and...
Solar drying of fruits and windows of opportunities in Ethiopia
December 2010
Fruits are essential food items as they play a vital role in the diet of humans. Fresh fruits are highly perishable and bulky commodities because they contain high moisture. Hence, their transportation to distant places is costly and their condition on arrival in the importing country may be less than satisfactory. Postharvest loss of fruits in Ethiopia is very high. This could be due to their perishable...
Persistent child malnutrition in Tanzania: Risks associated with traditional complementary foods (A review)
November 2010
Despite numerous nutritional interventions that have taken place in Tanzania, the Country still experiences a high rate of child malnutrition. Millions of children suffer from one or more forms of malnutrition resulting in stunting, underweight, wasting and anemia. The growth of children often declines with the introduction of complementary foods around the age of 6 months and continues to decline up to...
Physico-chemical characteristics and sensory quality of Singhara (Trapa natans L.): An Indian water chestnut under commercial and industrial storage conditions
November 2010
The physicochemical properties of water chestnut (Trapa natans L. var. bispinosaRoxburgh.) were investigated. Contents of moisture, crude lipid, crude fibre, crude ash, and crude protein were 81.12, 0.36, 0.72, 1.33, 1.87%, respectively. Total soluble solids and titrable acidity determined was 7.2 and 0.142%, respectively. The shelf life of whole water chestnut at ambient, refrigerated, frozen and...
Development and characterization of extruded product of carrot pomace, rice flour and pulse powder
November 2010
Rice flour was added in different proportions (10 - 30%) to dehydrated carrot pomace and pulse powder (CPPP) mixture having equal ratio. The formulation was extruded at different moisture content (17 - 21%), screw speed (270 - 310 rpm) and die temperature (110 - 130°C). The lateral expansion, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness and sensory characteristics were measured...
Design and development of manually operated fruit bar/candy sizer machine
November 2010
In view of the importance of proper sized candies having sharp edged sides for high quality standards and in various capacities, a manual operated fruit bar/candy sizer machine based on the principle of dye and punch system was designed and developed. The main components of the sizer machine are base table, cutter blade assembly and manual operating system consisting of flywheel, flywheel shaft and flange...
Water and fertilizer influence on sorghum grain quality for traditional beer (dolo) production in Burkina Faso
November 2010
In the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the major cereal crop used to produce the traditional beer called dolo. Grain sorghum grain samples collected in 2004 and 2005 from experiments combining five water management techniques and four fertilizer treatments in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement of treatments were analyzed...
Chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of different sunflower hybrids and their utilization in bread
October 2010
The research work was conducted to characterize the sunflower hybrids and assess their suitability for the preparation of bread. These seeds were divided into two groups one used as such while other after dehulling. The data obtained for all the studied quality attributes were statistically analyzed. It was found that moisture, ash, fat, protein and all minerals contents increased after dehulling...
Evaluation of bioactive compounds of Stevia rebaudiana leaves and callus
October 2010
Stevia rebaudiana is considered natural as source of antioxidants, which contained phenolic compounds and flavonoides at levels 24.01 and 18.93 mg/g dry weight basis of leaves and 33.99 and 30.03 mg/g dry weight basis of callus, these substances have been suggested to play a preventive role for human health. Antioxidant activity of water and methanolic extracts of stevia leaves and callus equivalent to...
Physico-chemical and functional properties of bâtchi or hypocotyle axes of Borassus aethiopum Mart.
October 2010
The seed of the palm tree (Borassus aethiopum Mart.) at the beginning of its germination gives a hypocotyle axis which is consumed boiled or roasted by the populations of the Sahelian part of Africa. This present work was carried out to study its physico-chemical and functional properties. To this effect, macronutrients, minerals, anti-nutritional factors as well as some functional properties were...
Prevalence of pica in pregnant women referred to health care centers in Zahedan, Iran (2002-2003)
October 2010
Some pregnant women crave for non-food items with no nutritional value such as dirt, clay, paint chips, chalk, ice, etc. This is called pica. Most frequently, pica occurs in children, persons with mental retardation and women during their pregnancies or while they are breast-feeding. Pica is considered to be a serious eating disorder, sometimes resulting in serious health problems such as lead poisoning,...
Comparative study on the microbial load of Gari, Elubo-isu and Iru in Nigeria
October 2010
Microbiological investigation was carried out on the safety of three locally fermented foods (gari, elubo-isu and iru). Twelve different samples each of three locally fermented food products- namely- gari, elubi-isu and iru were collected from the central markets at three different states in Nigeria (Ijebu-Igbo Central Market, Ogun State; Bodija Market, Ibadan, Oyo State and...
Proximate composition, amino acid and mineral contents of five commercial Nile fishes in Sudan
October 2010
The objective of this study was to determine the meat quality of the Nile fishes:Lates niloticus, Bagrus bayad, Oreochromis niloticus, Synodontis schall andTetraodon lineatus, which represent different grades of preference to the Sudanese consumers. Lipid content was 1.8 to 17.3% and moisture was 73 to 80%. Protein content was 59.8% in S. schall and 77 to 79.1% in the remaining...
Assessing the level of chemical contaminant migration associated with cooking foods in polyethylene bags: A case study of Ugali
October 2010
The level of lead concentration profiles were assessed for maize meal (Posho) commonly known as Ugali cooked in black polyethene bags. The kinetics of degradation of color was employed assuming first-order color degradation to obtain the cook values during thermal treatment of white posho cubes at 25, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C. Posho cubes wrapped in black polyethylene bags were subjected to heat treatments...
Physico-chemical and sensory properties of “Agidi†from pearl-millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) flour blends
October 2010
Agidi was produced from different formulations of pearl millet ogi and Bambara groundnut flours. Six agidi products were produced at the laboratory scale with one as the control. The recipe formulations for the products were 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25 pearl millet to bambara groundnut flours, respectively. The six formulated products were subjected to proximate, physico chemical and...
Consumption pattern of pulses, vegetables and nutrients among rural population in India
October 2010
In spite of several national nutritional intervention programmes, the prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in India, and the economic cost of micronutrient malnutrition is 0.8 to 2.4% of the GDP. The most vulnerable segments of the population are children, adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers. The objective of this communication was to assess...
Techniques in the improvement of consumers’ taste of Heterotis niloticus
October 2010
Improvement of the consumers’ taste of Heterotis niloticus was investigated by salting techniques. Table size fish were degutted, cut into uniform sizes, and soaked in salt solutions at concentrations that ranged from 0 - 100 g/l for 6 h. The salted pieces of H. niloticus were allowed to drain for an hour before been subjected to fire wood smoking in a kiln for 48 h. The taste...
The past, present and future of critical aspects of global ethics and corporate social responsibility in agriculture and food technology industry
September 2010
The technological advancements in agriculture and food technology industry have created many controversial ethics and social responsibility areas. The aim of this paper is to discuss the past, present and potential future trends in ethics and corporate social responsibility in agriculture and food technology industry. It also seeks to identify the ethics and corporate social responsibility gap generated by the rapid...
Manufacture of fermented coco milk-drink containing lactic acid bacteria cultures
September 2010
Fermented coco milk drink was manufactured to study an appropriate lactic acid bacteria and water coconut composition as well as to evaluate product stability and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability during storage at 5°C. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus could grow well in all of the coco milk drink prepared from mixture of coconut water and...
Optimum conditions for expression of oil from Allanblackia floribunda seeds and assessing the quality and stability of pressed and solvent extracted oil
September 2010
The study was carried out to establish the optimum conditions for the extraction of oil from Allanblackia floribunda nuts and also assess the quality and stability of both the crude pressed oil (CPO) and solvent extracted oil (SEO). The optimum conditions of extraction were established by varying the moisture levels of the milled seed samples under different temperatures. The oil was expressed using a manual...
An investigation into the feasibility of production and characterization of starch from “apantu†plantain (giant horn) grown in Ghana
September 2010
The aim of this research project is to develop a new product (plantain starch) as another way of extending the shelf-life of plantain and to determine the quality of plantain starch based on physicochemical properties, as well as, to determine whether plantain starch has unique characteristics compared to other sources of starch. Plantain starch was extracted from mature unripe plantain (Musa sapientum) of a variety...
Tissue distribution and elimination of erythromycin in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) depletion
September 2010
Adult giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were fed with practical diets medicated with erythromycin (50 and 100 mg/ kg shrimp for 7 days), while erythromycin residues in their muscle were determined by LC-MS/MS method through TUV Rheinland Aimex Vietnam Co., Ltd. Interpolation of the study’s data, following European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Guidelines, gave a withdrawal...
Nutritional content of popular malt drinks produced in Nigeria
September 2010
Five popular commercial brands of malt drinks (Maltina, Malta Guinness, Amstel Malt, Hi-Malt and Grand Malt) produced in Nigeria were analyzed for pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total soluble solids, level of bitterness, reducing sugar, vitamins A and C and minerals. Malt drinks were found to be acidic with pH range of 4.4 - 4.6. Maltina has the highest conductivity of 2.93 mS/cm and a...
Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin in adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
September 2010
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were medicated with erythromycin base via the medicated ration at 50 and 100 mg erythromycin·kg-1 fish body weightday-1 for 7 days. Erythromycin residues in their muscle were determined by LC-MS/MS method through TUV Rheinland Aimex Vietnam Co., Ltd. The results predicted withdrawal time for Nile tilapia was 33 days (908°C-day) if treated by the former...
Pediococcus spp. – A potential probiotic isolated from Khadi (an Indian fermented food) and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis
September 2010
The probiotic potential of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermentedKhadi was investigated. The pure culture of the isolate GS4, was subjected to microbiological, biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis for species confirmation. Among other probiotic properties, GS4 exhibited antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia...
Effect of irradiation on inoculated Salmonella parathyphi B and the colour of freeze-dried egg yolk
September 2010
The effect of irradiation on the colour intensity of freeze-dried egg yolk samples (FDEY), from poultry birds given feed containing different concentrations of annatto extract was investigated. Concentrations of 1, 4, 7 and 10 % of annatto extracts were used in the poultry feed formulation and these were compared with feed containing no additive as well as one containing a commercial feed colourant, ‘carophyll...
Influence of cold storage and addition of various lactations on properties of buffalo’s and cow’s milk
September 2010
The effect of cold storage (4 - 5°C) with blending different milkings to cold stored milk on some chemical composition, rheological properties and microbiological quality of buffalo’s and cow’s milk were studied. The results indicated that there are no significant effects on TS, fat and total protein contents of cold stored of buffalo's and cow's milk whereas, the acidity values slightly...
Effects of cinnamon (Cassia zelynicum) on diabetic rats
September 2010
The purpose of this study is to show the effects of crude cinnamon extract on the diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus manifests itself in a wide variety of complications and the symptoms of the disease are multifactorial. The sugar level and lipid profile were investigated in plasma of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with cinnamon for four weeks. Diabetic rats exhibited an increase in the...
Monitoring of genetically modified food in Saudi Arabia
August 2010
Growing global cultivation and trading of genetically modified (GM) crops has led to increasing complexity in managing identity preservation of diverse agriculture commodities in food chain. In Saudi Arabia, public has expressed desire of having informed choice in what they are eating. This is the first study conducted to survey for the presence of genetically modified food in the Saudi Arabian markets. A total of two...
Glycemic indices of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) meals
August 2010
The glycemic response of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) commonly consumed in Nigeria were assessed using sixty healthy subjects. The post-prandial serum glucose concentration over a period of 2 h were determined half hourly, after the ingestion of the test foods. Blood glucose curves were constructed to calculate the glycemic index of the test foods. The results revealed that the Glycemic...
Total lipid content, fatty acid and mineral compositions of muscles and liver in wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
August 2010
The fatty acid and mineral compositions in the dorsal and ventral muscles and liver of wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. The farmed animals showed a significant higher fat content (p < 0.05) than the wild ones, for all studied samples. The percentages of SFA and PUFA as well as the n-6/n-3 were higher (p < 0.05) in the muscle in wild compared with farmed sea bass. However, in liver,...
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