Comparative analysis of detecting ochratoxin A in cocoa powder samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
August 2011
Different cocoa powder (CP) samples were analyzed for mycoflora contaminants as a means of ensuring food safety. A total of 360 samples of 24 brands of CP were purchased between April and November, 2007. Ten-fold serial dilutions of the cocoa samples in sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for yeast and mould counts. Colonies of yeasts and moulds, isolated from...
Effect of supplementation of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) flour on the quality of biscuits
July 2011
The objectives of the present study prepare composite flours by different proportions of Bambara groundnut flour with wheat flour. Ratio range of 5 to 30% Bambara groundnut supplementation to prepare biscuits and determine the physical properties (diameter, thickness and spread factor), so as to check the effect of supplementation and sensory evaluation to assess the suitable level of...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some locally consumed fishes in Nigeria
July 2011
Food smoking belongs to one of the oldest technologies of food preservation which mankind has used in fish processing. Potential health hazards associated with smoked foods may be caused by carcinogenic components of wood smoke – mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives of PAH. Comparison of the concentration of PAHs in smoked fish samples processed by sawdust, charcoal and firewood were...
Effect of whey protein enrichment on selected engineering and sensory properties of pasteurised yoghurt
July 2011
The effect of whey protein concentrate enrichment on the electrical and themophysical characteristics of pasteurized yoghurt was studied. Six samples consisting of control (unpasteurized yoghurt without whey) and yoghurt pasteurized at 50°C for 12 min and enriched with 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% whey protein concentrate (WPC) were used. Results showed that electrical conductivity (G) increased with both...
Chemical composition, rheological properties and bread making potentials of composite flours from breadfruit, breadnut and wheat
July 2011
This study assessed the quality of bread produced from breadfruit and breadnut-wheat composite flour. Matured and freshly harvested breadfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) and breadnut (Artocarpus atilis) were obtained from local market in Akure. They were thoroughly washed, peeled, washed again, drained, chipped, oven dried, milled, sieved and packaged. Six blends were prepared by homogenously mixing...
Effect of fruiting on some micronutrients, antinutrients and toxic substances in Corchorus olitorius grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
July 2011
Experiment was conducted in a pot to determine the effect of fruiting on antinutrients (soluble and total oxalates), toxic substances (cyanide and nitrate) and some micronutrients (vitamin C, and β-carotene, a provitamin A) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ca, Na and K) in Corchorus olitorius grown on nitrogen and non-nitrogen treated soil. The vegetable leaves were harvested at market...
Characterization of the proteins fractions extracted from leaves of Amaranthus dubius (Amaranthus spp.)
July 2011
Amaranth is an ancient plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, which is believed to have originated in Central and South America. The high nutritional quality of the amaranth seed protein is one of the main factors that has attracted the attention of the researchers. However, till date, the protein profile of the leaves of the most researched varieties has not been well studied. Moreover, the nutritional...
Modeling pre-treatments effect on drying kinetics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) slices in a convective hot air dryer
July 2011
The study investigated the effect of different pretreatments such as citric-acid (CA), potassium-metabisulphite (KMS), and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the drying kinetics, allicin and colour of garlic slices in a convective hot-air dryer at temperatures of 45, 50 and 55°C. The allicin content of the fresh garlic slices compared with the dried slices increased non-linearly with increase in...
Characterization of the Southern African sorghum varieties for mineral contents: Prospects for breeding for grain mineral dense lines
July 2011
Sorghum is a staple crop and source of energy and minerals for people in semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. Thirteen improved and twenty seven farmer varieties of sorghum from southern Africa were analyzed for grain macro- and micronutrient content to identify germplasm with potential for breeding for mineral dense varieties. Improved sorghum varieties ELT-1-17, MMSH-1040, MMSH-1257 and MMSH-1324 exhibited...
The effects of postharvest handling and storage temperature on the quality and shelf of tomato
July 2011
The experiment was conducted between August and September in 2009 at the laboratories of the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) of the University of Greenwich in the UK to assess the effects of physical impact and storage temperature on ethylene production and quality of tomatoes. A total of 72 red-ripe fruits of the ‘encore variety’ were used for the experiment. Half (36) were dropped individually...
Pigments of guava paluma cultivar stored under environmental conditions
June 2011
This study evaluated the levels of pigments in guavas such as chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids. In the study, guava fruits (Paluma cultivar) were used, and they were stored under environmental conditions for nine days. The evaluation of guava fruit pigment levels was carried out every two days. Findings showed significant differences regarding levels of chlorophyll and...
Processing quality of improved potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars as influenced by growing environment and blanching
June 2011
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of growing environment and blanching on chips quality of five improved potato cultivars (Chiro, Zemen, Bedassa, Gabissa and Harchassa). The cultivars were grown at Langaie, Kulubi and Haramaya, all in the eastern part of Ethiopia. The highest tuber dry matter content (27.33%) and specific gravity (1.110 gcm-3) were produced by cultivar Harchassa while the...
Knowledge of nutrition and health benefits and frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables among Ghanaian homemakers
June 2011
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the objective of assessing homemakers’ knowledge of the nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vegetables and how this knowledge influenced their consumption. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty homemakers from three locations in Ghana. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on forms in which...
Phenotypic identification and technological properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected commercial Nigerian bottled yoghurt
June 2011
Twenty two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from 30 samples of commercial Nigerian bottled yoghurt (produced on a small scale). Isolates were phenotypically characterized and their technological properties such as acidification, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, enzymatic activities, biogenic amine production and bacteriocin production were studied following standard procedures. The...
The physicochemical characteristics of sodium alginate from Indonesian brown seaweeds
June 2011
This study aimed to know the physichochemical characteristic of sodium alginate that was obtained from Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum polycystum, Padina sp., andSargassum echinocarpum, which grew on the coral coast of Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta Indonesia. The result showed that the average of the yield was 16.93 to 30.50%. The chemical properties, that is, water,...
Influence of cultivation conditions on the production of a protease from Aspergillus carbonarius using submerged fermentation
June 2011
The ability of a raw starch digesting amylase producer, Aspergillus carbonarius for protease production was evaluated in this study using standard methods. The fungus grew and produced appreciable levels of protease using different carbon and nitrogen sources. Sources of carbon and nitrogen significantly (p < 0.001) influenced protease production by this fungus. Soybean meal and glucose were the...
Insecticidal effects of essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens and Cymbopogon citratus on Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.)
June 2011
The evaluation of the effect of essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens andCymbopogon citratus on maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has assigned the most significant insecticidal activity against it with a maximum mortality rate of 100%. The essential oils were found to have high contact and ingestion toxicity than fumigant / respiratory poison. This is evident from 90% mortality of...
Effects of fruit juice blending ratios on kinnow juice preservation at ambient storage condition
May 2011
Different fruit juice blends were prepared as (kinnow juice: Aonla juice: Ginger juice in 100: 0: 0, 95: 5: 0, 92: 5: 3 ratio and kinnow juice: Pomegranate juice: Ginger juice in 90: 10: 0, 87: 10: 3 ration) for improving flavour, palatability, nutritive and medicinal value. The juice blends were preserved by pasteurization (75°C for 15 min) and by addition potassium meta-bi-sulphite (750 ppm)....
Banana and plantain-based foods consumption by children and mothers in Cameroon and Southern Nigeria: A comparative study
May 2011
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) play an important role in the diet of people in Central and West Africa. In Cameroon and Southern Nigeria, a comparative study was carried out in 480 households to assess the frequencies and levels of consumption of banana and plantain-based foods commonly consumed by children under five years-old and their mothers. The results revealed some degree of similarities in the areas of...
Survey of the mycobiota of freshly harvested wheat grains in the main production areas of Tunisia
May 2011
Wheat is one of the most important cereals produced and consumed in Mediterranean countries. A mycological survey was carried out on freshly harvested wheat grains from the main production regions at the Northern part of Tunisia, namely Jendouba, Beja and Bizerte, during the crop year of 2009. A total of 88 samples were analysed. The incidences, isolation frequencies and relative densities of fungi were...
The making of pomegranate wine using yeast immobilized on sodium alginate
May 2011
The wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3095 was immobilized in sodium alginate beads as a biocatalyst in/for pomegranate wine making. The immobilized biocatalyst was suitable for pomegranate must fermentation at ambient temperatures. In order to optimize immobilization conditions, a study was conducted using various concentrations of alginate, cell loading and bead diameter. The optimized parameters...
Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of b-carotene rich defatted soy fortified biscuits
May 2011
b-Carotene rich defatted soy flour fortified biscuits were prepared using different levels of carrot powder only, carrot powder with egg, and carrot powder with ascorbic acid, and evaluated for its physical properties, nutritional composition and sensory characteristics. Expansion in diameter (1.059 to 1.280) and spread ratio (5.73 to 6.78) was decreased with increased proportion of carrot powder in all three types of...
Diffusive flux modelling of lead migration from black polyethylene bags into food: A case study of green bananas (Matooke)
May 2011
Mathematical modeling allows a shift away from expensive and time consuming migration analysis. The primary aim of this study was to compare two alternative expressions, Fick’s law and Fokker-Planck’s law, and gain insight of the diffusive flux migration profiles of lead (Pb) from polyethylene bags (of 30 µ) to Matooke at distances of 0 to 1.5, 1.6 to 3.0 and 3.1 to 4.5 cm, was measured at cooking...
Chemical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of soy-plantain flour
April 2011
In recent years, research efforts in the developing countries have focused on the improvement of protein quality of food products due to mass malnutrition. Plantains are invaluable source of carbohydrate, comparable in nutritive value to yam or potato and are useful as a variant on the usual staple foods. It is consumed mainly in Nigeria as snacks and it is gradually finding applications in weaning food formulation and...
Elaboration of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) jellies with native and modified banana starches (Musa ABB)
April 2011
To diversify the use of tropical fruits such as “topocho” (Musa ABB) and blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), jellies were formulated, and thickened with 20% of native starch (BS), and modified granular starch (GBS) starch from unripe “topocho” with, and without the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) using corn starch as control. A sensorial evaluation of the recipes was completed...
Rheological, moisture and ash content analyses of a gum resin from Commiphora Africana
April 2011
A gum resin was isolated from Commiphora africana. In order to assess its application to industry, it was subjected to rheological, moisture and ash content studies. For rheological studies, a rotational viscometer which had the ability to characterize both Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems was used. The gum resins from C. africana exhibited low shear stress even at high concentration of...
The effects of roasting temperatures on the rate of extraction and quality of locally-processed oil from two Nigerian peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars
April 2011
The effects of roasting conditions (time-temperature) on the rate of extraction and quality of oils from two peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars (namely, kampala and ex-Dakar) were investigated. The oils were extracted at 50 ml hot-water/250 g peanut paste. High extraction rates were obtained by roasting the peanuts at 140°C for 20 min with Kampala yielding the highest oil. Above 140°C/20 min...
Serum biochemical response of rats fed with Sclerocarya birrea juice extracts
April 2011
Sclerocarya birrea fruits are widely eaten in developing countries especially in rural areas and serve as nutrients supplements. However, they also contain phyto-toxin which may affect the normal functioning of the body. The present study examined the effect of feeding albino rats with S. birrea juice with respect to their body weight, liver and kidney biochemical parameters. The results showed...
Fatty acid profile of raw and cooked fish consumed in Bahrain
April 2011
The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of raw and cooked (grilled, curried and fried) fish commonly consumed in Bahrain. Four most popular species of fish were purchased from the local market in Manama city, the capital of Bahrain. Fatty acids in raw and cooked fish were separated and quantitatively determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) using standard methods. The findings...
Fatty acid composition of seed oils from selected wild plants of Kahuzi-Biega National Park and surroundings, Democratic Republic of Congo
April 2011
Oils were extracted from seeds of Carapa grandiflora Sprague (Meliaceae), Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae), Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Sapindaceae), Maesopsis eminii Engler (Rhamnaceae), Millettia dura Dunn (Fabaceae), Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Cecropiaceae), Myrianthus holstii Engl. (Cecropiaceae), Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (Mimosaceae),...
Susceptibility of steeped and heat dried cowpea flour to fungal growth and aflatoxins production
April 2011
In vitro studies were carried out to determine the susceptibility of flours from steeped and heat dried cowpea to fungal growth and aflatoxins production. A 2 × 7 factorial experimental design with 2 levels of steeping time of cowpea grain in water (0 and 3 min steeping) and 7 levels of drying temperatures of the grains ranging from 35 to 120°C were used for flour production....
In vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptosis effect of Coleus tuberosus L.
April 2011
Coleus tuberosus (Blume) Benth. is classified as a local vegetable of the familyLamiaceae, subfamily Nepetoideae and tribe Ocimeae. Ethanolic extract the Flesh of C. tuberosus and ethanolic extract of the peel of C. tuberosus evaluated antioxidant properties based on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay, antiproliferative based on...
Microbiological assessment of stored Tilapia guineensis
April 2011
Microbiological analysis of Tilapia guineensis was assessed at two ice stored temperatures, -18 and 4°C, for 4 weeks. Bacteria and fungi counts decreased from 7.9 × 103 to 5.4 × 101 cfu/g for bacteria and 6.2 × 103 to 3.2 × 102 cfu/g for fungi in the samples stored at -18°C, while for the samples stored at...
Proximate and mineral composition of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.) grown along the Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania and Uganda
April 2011
The proximate and mineral compositions of cocoyam (Colossian esculenta L. andXanthosoma sagittifolium L) grown along Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania and Uganda were analyzed. C. esculenta and X. sagittifolium samples were significantly (p < 0.05) different in terms of their proximate composition and mineral contents regardless of their country of origin. Proximate analyses...
Development of an evaporative cooling system for the preservation of fresh vegetables
April 2011
An evaporative cooling system for the preservation of fresh vegetables was developed for extending the shelf life of tomatoes and carrots and its performance was evaluated. It consists of a pyramidal shaped with total storage space of 0.075 m3, made of galvanized mild steel, stainless steel and internally insulated with 0.025 m polystyrene foam, a suction fan of 4.3 m/s velocity air flow and 0.5 W (1250 rpm),...
Cellular antioxidant activities and cytotoxic properties of ethanolic extracts of four tropical green leafy vegetables
April 2011
The present investigation sought to evaluate cellular antioxidant activities of some green leafy vegetables: Vernonia amygdalina, Asteraceae (Va,); Manihot utilissimaPohl., Euphoriaceae (Mu);Corchorous olitorius L., Malvaceae (Co) and Occimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae (Og) against peroxyl radical-induced oxidation in HepG2 cells and also evaluate their...
Biological control of Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum BI and salicylic acid on Tomato
April 2011
In this study, Trichoderma harzianum BI was evaluated for its capacity to reduce the incidence and pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. Culture filtrates of T. harzianum BI at different concentrations, (standard, 1:1, 1:10, and 1:100) were studied. In vitro studies revealed that hatching of M. javanica eggs...
Biopotency role of culinary spices and herbs and their chemical constituents in health and commonly used spices in Nigerian dishes and snacks
March 2011
This review paper summarizes the current scientific publications of researches concerning the potential health benefits of herbs and spices; it also highlights some commonly used spices in Nigerian dishes and snacks, major useful compounds of these herbs and spices and the need for value addition and product development. Keyword: Biopotency, culinary spices, snacks.
The liquor made from silver vine [Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim.] berries possess strongly antioxidative activity and antihypertensive activity
March 2011
Liquor was prepared from silver vine berries and its functional properties were investigated. The colour of liquor correlated with that of berries was as amber. The contents of protein, total phenolic components, and total vitamin C were about 2.3 (mg/ml), 339.5 (μg/ml), and 2.4 (mg/100 ml), respectively. The liquor possessed strongly antioxidative activity, scavenging activities against superoxide anion radical,...
All trans-cis β-carotene content of selected sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) varieties as influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application
March 2011
All trans-cis isomers content of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) as influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The nitrogen fertilizer treatments were four nitrogen levels of 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 kg N/ha and four varieties of sweet potatoes: White fleshed TIS87/0087 and TIS8164, orange-fleshed, Ex-Igbariam and CIP...
Chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its effect on mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species
March 2011
This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) against five mycotoxigenic species of the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) isolated from maize samples. The oil of C. citratus was obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by Gas...
Effect of traditional diets on oxidative stress and lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic rats
March 2011
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of recommended diet namely, plantain porridge and beans with other traditional Nigerian diets on oxidative stress and lipid profile in alloxan diabetic rats. Therefore, in the design, six groups (1 non diabetic and 5 diabetic) of 7 rats each, were accordingly treated: the normal and diabetic controls were fed normal rat pellets; garri with afang soup,...
Bioethanol production from brewer’s spent grain, bread wastes and corn fiber
March 2011
The production of ethanol from bread wastes, brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and corn fiber using dried active baker’s yeast (Saccaromyces cerevisiae) was investigated. These items were considered industrial wastes and are readily dispose off as by-products thereby constituting environmental hazards and an economic waste. The milled brewer’s waste and corn fiber were pre-treated with...
Determination of copper, zinc, lead and some biochemical parameters in fresh cow milk from different locations in Niger State, Nigeria
March 2011
Soil and water pollution of milk products by heavy metals is a common fact in Northern Nigeria. In the present study, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the quantitative determination of copper, zinc and lead level while some biochemical constituents analysed in fresh cow milk collected from Dangana, Mukugi and Gulu localities of Niger State, Nigeria were determined using standard methods. The...
Thermal destruction of Listeria monocytogenes in liquid egg products with heat treatment at lower temperature and longer than pasteurization
March 2011
Today food manufacturing plants prefer „ready-for-use” liquid egg products to whole eggs. These are easier to use since one should not deal with breaking and storing the egg shell contaminated by faeces. However the shelf life of liquid egg products containing no preservatives is relatively short, there is a need to elaborate new technologies – like the long term (6 to 24 h) heat treatment...
The production of jam from indigenous fruits using baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) powder as a substitute for commercial pectin
March 2011
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) powder has high gelling capacity, but its potential has not been exploited. In the present study, baobab powder was assessed as a potential alternative for commercial pectin in jam making. Its gelling ability and potential use was compared to that of commercial pectin in the production of jam from different indigenous fruits available in...
Post-mortem tenderization of spent layer’s breast meat with calcium chloride
February 2011
The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) injection at different time post-mortem (PM) on breast meat of spent layer was investigated. Each breast was dissected into two halves with each half weighing between 151.75 and 168.22 g. A total of 36 half breast were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a completely randomised design. The breast meat were injected with 0.1 M CaCl2 (10% W/W) at 1, 12 and...
Physicochemical and sensory properties of wheat-cassava composite biscuit enriched with soy flour
February 2011
Cassava (Manihot palmata) and soybean were processed into flours and used to substitute wheat flour as a composite flour. The wheat flour (WF) was substituted by cassava flour (CF) at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%; while the resulting composite flours at levels above 40% were replaced with 10% soy flour (SBF) to increase their protein levels for biscuit production. This study evaluated the...
Evaluation of biscuit waste meal and Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay as sources of protein and energy for fattening “yankassa†rams
February 2011
A total of twenty apparently healthy Yankassa rams, 9 to 11 months of age and weighing 11.83 to 12.50 kg were used in a completely randomized design unpinning to determine the effect of partial and total replacement of maize and wheat offal with Biscuit Waste Meal (BWM) and Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay (Llh) as a source of protein and energy. The animals were assigned to five groups of four rams...
Page 15 of 20, showing 50 records out of 976 total, starting on record 701, ending on 750
Advertisement
Advertisement
