A review of baobab (Adansonia digitata) products: Effect of processing techniques, medicinal properties and uses
December 2011
A general literature review including the effect of processing techniques, medicinal value and uses of baobab tree is reported in this manuscript. Baobab tree has multi-purpose uses, as it produces food and non-food products such as medicines, fuel, timber, fodder. Every part of the baobab tree is reported to be useful. The seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, fruit pulp and bark of baobab are edible. Baobab leaves are used...
The relation between the in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene and structural characteristics of carrot pieces during thermal processing (sterilization and pasteurization) in a retort
December 2011
It has been shown that thermal processing, which is intended to extend the shelf life of food products, may affect the quality of fruit and vegetable based products negatively (e.g. vitamin destruction, texture degradation). However, it has also been highlighted that the nutrient bioaccessibility is increased during thermal processing, possibly by the structural changes occurring during thermal...
Status of wine production from guava (Psidium guajava L.): A traditional fruit of India
December 2011
The potential of wine production from guava is presented in this review. Guava is easy to culture, posseses high nutritive value and its products like juices, beverages, nectars etc. are largely appreciated by the consumers. Guava juice requires ‘chaptalization’ so as to adjust its Brix and prepare a perfect wine out of it. The chaptalized juice (“must”) is treated with pectinase or a combination...
Biochemistry and metabolism of mycotoxins: A review
December 2011
The aim of this paper is to review the biochemistry and metabolism of aflatoxins, fumonisins and trichothecenes. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic species of fungi, which can cause toxic effects in humans and animals. Food contamination by mycotoxins has been reported worldwide, mostly in foods that are susceptible to fungal growth, such as grains and cereals. Mycotoxins can lead to damage to...
Effect of ammonium oxalate and acetic acid at several extraction time and pH on some physicochemical properties of pectin from cocoa husks (Theobroma cacao)
December 2011
Pectin was extracted from cocoa husk using two solvents (ammonium oxalate and acetic acid), extraction times (60 and 120 min) and pH (1.6, 2.6, 3.6 and 4.6). The pectin characteristics were yield, moisture content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl, anhydrogalacturonic acid and degree of esterification. The result showed that the yield of pectin was 10.44 to 17.30%, the moisture content was 10.46 to 12.35%, ash...
Nutritional evaluation of single-cell protein produced by Spirulina platensis
December 2011
The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and possible toxic effects of microalgae Spirulina LEB-18, developed in south of Brazil. The biomass was evaluated for 40 days through nutritional responses, obtained by the development of Wistar rats and also by biochemical and hematological study of the blood of these animals. Four isoproteic diets were prepared (12% protein): (1) Control diet,...
Improvement of the traditional technology for the production of “gowéâ€, a sour and sweet beverage from Benin
December 2011
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of water content, fermentation period, and the effect of various drying temperatures of saccharified sorghum malt flour on the quality of “gowé”, an indigenous sour and sweet beverage from Benin with the ultimate objective of improving the processing technique and quality of “gowé”. Our data revealed that the...
Utilization of solar energy in dehydration of milk and in the manufacturing of Khoa
December 2011
The cow milk was standardized to 4.0 fat and 8.5 milk solid not fat (MSNF) to prepare khoa by solar as well as traditional method. The whole milk was divided into two parts. One kept as control, while the other was used for the preparation of khoa by solar dehydration method. Before the dehydration of milk in solar cooker, cream was separated from milk by using electrically operated cream separator. After...
Physicochemical characteristics of fermenting castor seeds containing lime and NaCl as additives
November 2011
The effect of addition of lime and NaCl during the natural fermentation of castor bean seeds was studied in this research. Fermentation was carried out for four days at room temperature (29°C). The pH and temperature of the fermenting castor bean seeds were monitored and found to increase steadily. The sample with 3% NaCl attained the highest temperature of (31.50°C) on the fourth day of fermentation followed by...
Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
November 2011
This study evaluated some properties of steam-heated kunun zaki flour and beverage produced from millet and malts of cowpea or soybean. Malting increased the diastatic activities and protein content of cowpea and soybean. The diastatic activity of the millet-cowpea malt (MCm) or soybean malt (MSm) increased as the solid-water ratio increased from 1:0 to 1:3. The instant blends produced from a 1:1 (w/v) slurry...
Proximate composition, rheological and sensory qualities of plantain (Musa parasidiaca) flour blanched under three temperature regimes
November 2011
The physicochemical, pasting and sensory properties of plantain flour blanched under three temperature regimes were studied. Plantain fruit fingers were washed, hand-peeled and manually sliced into cylindrical pieces of 2 mm thickness. Blanching was carried out on the sliced samples in hot water at 60, 80 and 100°C and dried in the air oven at 65°C (24 h), while the un-blanched sample served as the control. They...
The effect of black soybean tempe and it’s ethanol extract on lymphocyte proliferation and IgA secretion in Salmonella typhimurium induced rat
November 2011
Children patient suffering from malnutrition and chronic diarrhea, who had been treated with tempe formula improved their health status, recovered from the diarrhea in a relatively shorter period, and gained weight. It is perceived that the quick recovery was due to improvement of the body’s immune system. The aim of the research was to observe the effect of black soybean tempe and it’s ethanol extract on T...
Comparative study of curcumin extraction from turmeric varieties grown in Maharashtra
November 2011
The study was under taken in the College of Agricultural Engineering, M.A.U. Parbhani in which curcumin was extracted from Salem, Krishna, Rajapuri and Pratibbha varieties by ethanol, acetone, hexane, and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method. It was found that to extract more curcumin percentage, it is better to go for variety Pratibha, curcumin extraction method HPLC and steam cooking method. The...
Transacylation properties of pectin methyl esterase from Aspergillus niger
November 2011
Transacylation reaction of citrus pectin catalyzed by pectin methyl esterase (PME) from Aspergillus niger observed by laser particle size analyzer was investigated. PME was purified by a highly methoxylation of cross-linked alcohol-insoluble solids (HM-CL-AIS) column chromatography and a subsequent Sephadex G-75 column chromatography from commercial pectic enzyme (CPE) of A....
Quantities and values of selected forest foods harvested by eight villages adjacent to natural woodlands in the four ecological zones of rural Swaziland
November 2011
Edible non-timber forest products (NTFPs) like other environmental resources play a crucial role on the provision of subsistence and income to people’s livelihoods, especially the poor and marginalized communities. The objective of the study was to undertake user surveys to determine the actual quantities of harvested edible NTFPs, and to do an economic analysis of their direct use values. The methods used include...
Effect of rehydration and fermentation methods on the quality of garri produced from stored cassava chips
November 2011
Garri was produced from cassava chips stored over 3 months by milling the chips before rehydration and mash fermentation by the traditional method (MRT) or backslopping (MRB). Chips were also rehydrated before milling, fermented traditionally (RMT) and then roasted, while garri from fresh cassava tubers fermented traditionally served as control (C). The garri samples were evaluated for pH,...
Mucuna sloanei, Detarium microcarpum and Brachystegia eurycoma seeds: A preliminary study of their starch-hydrocolloids system
November 2011
Hydrocolloids from three legumes, Mucuna sloanei, Detarium microcarpum andBrachystegia eurycoma seeds together with their starches were used in this study.Proximate analysis showed that D. microcarpum and M. sloanei are rich sources of protein (27.01 ± 0.03%; 23.92 ± 0.12%, respectively), and fat (14.45 ± 0.02%; 6.57 ± 0.02%, respectively). B....
Effect of spearmint on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in probiotic milk and yoghurt
November 2011
In the present study, the potential of producing foods containing probiotic bacteria with the bases of milk, yoghurt and spearmint was evaluated. The goal was to determine the effects of different doses of spearmint (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) on the growth of two probiotic bacteria, that is, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in milk and yoghurt produced in the first and second phases,...
Marinating beef with South African red wine may protect against lipid peroxidation during cooking
October 2011
Dietary peroxidised lipids may be harmful to the cardiovascular system. Meat, a complex food, undergoes significant biochemical changes, including lipid peroxidation, during cooking. Wine is often used as an ingredient in the marinating of meat. This study determined whether marinating red meat overnight in red wine has a protective influence against cooking-induced lipid peroxidation in beef. Standardized...
Cloning of the gene encoding acid-stable alpha-amylase from Aspergillus niger and its expression in Pichia pastoris
October 2011
The gene of acid-stable alpha-amylase was amplified by PCR using Aspergillus nigergenomic DNA as template, then the gene was cloned into the vector of pPIC9K, the recombinant vector pPIC9K-asAA was then transformed into Pichia pastorisSMD1168, high copy transformants were screened in G418 plates. Regulated by the α-Factor, promoter of AOX1 gene and termination signal of yeast genomic, the...
Effect of packaging materials on the storage stability of physically refined rice bran oil and its blends
October 2011
Richa Mishra* and H.K. Sharma
The functional properties, pasting and baking behaviour of chemically modified sour cassava starches
October 2011
Starches obtained from three varieties of cassava (Manihot palmata Muell), (4(2)1425 (V1), NR84104 (V2) and NR84293 (V3)) were fermented and chemically modified. The functional and pasting properties of the starches were investigated and the possible contributions of these properties to the explanations of the baking potentials of the starches. The hydrophilic nature of the starches was found to improve strongly...
Purification and characterisation of an acid protease from Aspergillus carbonarius
October 2011
The aim of this study is to purify and characterize an acid protease from Aspergillus carbonarius. The protease was purified to apparent homogeneity by 4 M sucrose concentration, ion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration chromatography through Sephadex G-100. A 10-fold purification with specific activity of 485.47...
The concepts and problems of post–harvest food losses in perishable crops
October 2011
The loss of foods in the post-harvest system is not new; it has always been a problem for mankind. In these days of rapidly enlarging population in the poorest countries of the world where food is already short, there is an increasing urgency to do a better job of conserving mankind food supply in order to alleviate hunger and malnutrition. The main objective of this review is to find out the concepts and...
Body and carcass linear measurements of rams fed graded levels of biscuit waste based diet
October 2011
This study was carried out to evaluate the body and carcass linear measurements in rams fed diets in which maize and wheat offal mixture was replaced with biscuit waste (biscuit water meal (BWM)) and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (Llh) mixture 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. The dietary treatments were designated as B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4, respectively. Twenty (20) apparently healthy Yankassa...
Chicken snacks as affected by storage conditions under aerobic and vacuum packaging at 30±2ºC
October 2011
Chicken snacks prepared by utilizing spent hen meat and other necessary ingredients were packaged aerobically as well as under vacuum in laminated (polyethylene/aluminium foil) pouches (size 25 × 20 cm). They were stored at 30±2°C and analysed for physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics at a regular interval of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days. Chicken snacks...
Use of hurdle techniques to maintain the quality of vacuum packed buffalo meat during ambient storage temperatures
October 2011
The shelf stable buffalo meat chunks processed with an infusion solution formulation containing humectants such as glycerol 6.0%, sodium chloride 6.0% and propylene glycerol 1.0% along with sodium nitrite 0.01% and Sorbic acid 0.2% were vacuum packaged in multilayered nylon barrier laminates and stored at 30±3°C for 6 weeks. During the storage period the water activity was significantly affected...
Compensatory growth effects on previously starved fingerlings and juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)
October 2011
Compensatory growth in fingerlings and juveniles of Clarias gariepinus was examined after various feeding frequencies. Fish were first fed once, twice, thrice and four times daily over a period of 8 weeks before satiation feeding resumed for 9 weeks. Weekly changes in weight gain, feed intake, nutrient utilization and economy of production were monitored. No significant difference was observed in...
An application of methylcellulose-whey protein films on Japanese persimmon
October 2011
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reactions, water loss, oxidation and microbial growth can cause decreases in the quality of fresh fruits. Packaging can be an effective way to control and prevent these undesirable changes. Edible films and coatings having low water vapor permeability (WVP) are used to extend the shelf life of these perishable foods. Use of the methylcellulose-whey protein (MC-WP) based...
Chemical composition of Tilapia mosambis fish from major dams in Ekiti-State, Nigeria
September 2011
The chemical compositions of Tilapia mosambis fish from major dams in Ekiti State were analysed. The proximate analysis shows that the protein content (69.70 to 79.56%) of the fish sample was very high as well as the organic matter (92.03 to 96.15%). The sample was low in Zn, Fe, Pb, and Mn but slightly high in Na, K, Mg and Ca. The total amino acid was 920.5 to 956.1 mg/g crude protein while the...
Daily dietary intake of iodine by adolescents in three residential care orphanages in southern Ghana
September 2011
The essential mineral iodine plays an important role in early growth, cellular metabolism and the proper development of the brain; data on the daily dietary intake of iodine by adolescents in residential care orphanages in Ghana are scarce. Consequently, the adequacy of their dietary intake of iodine cannot be assessed. The dietary intake of iodine by adolescents in...
Characterization of prime starches from some plant food crops for industrial exploitations
September 2011
Starches fractionated from red and white cocoyams, giant taro, Ghana cocoyam and local cassava (Yaro) were studied for their physical, chemical and physico-functional characteristics. All starches exhibited low crude protein (0.33 to 0.48%), low fat (0.37 to 0.96%), low ash (0.26 to 0.45%), crude fibre - nil, low bulk densities, very high starch and dry matter (93 to 95%), high gelatinization rate, high peak...
Detection of antibiotics residues in beef in Ghanawa Slaughterhouse, Khartoum State, Sudan
September 2011
The study was planned to detect antibiotics residues present in beef in Ghanawa slaughterhouse, Khartoum State. The methodology was based on the collection of information from the owners of the cattle (n = 50), and veterinary pharmacies (n = 50) by means of questionnaire as well as the one plate test (O. P. T.) was employed for estimation of antibiotics residues in different organs of the cattle. The main...
Comparative study of proximate composition, amino and fatty acids of some economically important fish species in Lagos, Nigeria
September 2011
The proximate composition, amino and fatty acids of four economically important fish species from the lagoons and off Lagos coast around Lagos, Nigeria were determined over a period of two years. The mean proximate composition of the freshwater species were 19.64% protein, 1.15% lipid, 76.71% moisture and 1.23% ash for Clarias gariepinus; 19.55% protein, 0.96% lipid, 76.75% moisture and 1.11% ash...
Investigating the effect of cooking on color and texture of green bananas (Matooke) wrapped in polyethylene bags
September 2011
Traditionally, green bananas locally known as Matooke are wrapped in banana leaves during steaming for the purposes of keeping it warm. However, due to factors such as changing life styles, the spread banana wilt disease, and the emergence of synthetic materials, banana leaves are no longer the number one choice as a wrapping material during cooking. Increasingly, food vendors and cooks are turning...
Functional properties of starches on the East African market
September 2011
A survey of East African starch industries revealed that the market had two major botanical sources of starches; maize and cassava and that maize starch dominated the market with most of the starch being imported. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco analyser (RVA) were used in the determination of starch thermal and pasting properties respectively. Maize starch was found to have a...
Effects of Neem and Moringa seed oil on cookability and palatability of cowpea grains stored for six months
September 2011
This study was carried out to determine the effects of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed oils treatment on the cooking and organoleptic properties of cowpea grains at the end of 180 days of storage, and to formulate a standard mixture of neem and moringa seed oil in appropriate ratio for better consumer acceptability of the cowpea preserved with...
Functional and pasting characteristics of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) flours
September 2011
Breadfruit was processed to obtain whole and pulp flours following removal of the core. The flours were evaluated for proximate analysis, physicochemical, functional and pasting characteristics. The results showed that pulp flour exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher moisture and protein (11.42 and 5.49%, respectively) but lower crude fibre and carbohydrate contents (5.78 and 79.46%, respectively). The water...
Meddling with a cultural heritage: Traces of salicylate in adulterated palm wine and health implications
September 2011
Palm wine is an alcoholic beverage identified with various cultures in Africa by different names playing an important role in the tradition, religious and cultural beliefs of the people. Often obtained by tapping the cut flower of palm trees, this alcoholic beverage can serve as sources of some vital nutrients. Palm wine samples bought from fifteen (n = 15) different vendors located in different parts of...
The volatile components of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf) B.l Burtt)
September 2011
Volatile components were isolated from the matrix of fresh and roasted samples of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf) B.L Burtt) by solvent extraction and vacuum distilled. Quantitative determination of the volatiles in the distillate was done by GC-FID and organoleptic examination by GC-olfactometry. The sesquiterpenes were the major components of fresh wild ginger having a weight percent...
Assessment of food and nutrient intake of beneficiary and non-beneficiary households in a dairy development project Vihiga District Kenya
August 2011
A cross sectional design using a three-consecutive day 24 h diet recalls survey was adopted using interview schedules to estimate the nutrient consumption in 60 households of which 30 households were beneficiary and 30 were non-beneficiary households of a dairy development project in Vihiga, Kenya. Variation was observed in the consumption of meat and meat products, cereals and vegetables between days for...
Natural occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins of cinnamon in the Saudi Arabia
August 2011
This investigation was designed to throw light on the microbial status of cinnamon (Cinamomum zeylanicum blume). A total of 1126 fungal isolated, representing 8 species of 2 genera, Aspergiluus and Penicillium, were the most common genera. They were recovered and identified from the fifty samples that were dried and ground. Fungi were found in all of the collected samples, Aspergillus...
Evaluation of the nutritional and sensory quality of functional breads produced from whole wheat and soya bean flour blends
August 2011
The use of whole wheat and soybean flour blends in the production of functional breads was studied. The flour blends of whole wheat and soybean were composites at replacement levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40% while the whole wheat flour bread (sample A) served as control. The proximate composition of the various flour blends used for the preparation of the breads were determined using standard methods. The bread...
Effect of storage on nutrient composition and mycoflora of sundried soyabean (Glycine max.)
August 2011
Sundried Glycine max were stored for 20 weeks. During storage, monthly analyses were carried out to determine the effect of storage on the nutrient composition, minerals and mycoflora present in the sample. The mycoflora isolated from sundriedGlycine max during storage were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus...
Extraction and characterization of chitin; a functional biopolymer obtained from scales of common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio l.): A lesser known source
August 2011
Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. It has become of great interest not only as an industrialized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields. Chitin was successfully extracted from the scales of a common Carp fish and characterized for it functional properties. Structural data of...
Functional and sensory properties of iron fortified West African cassava fermented meals; “gari†and “fufuâ€
August 2011
The functional and sensory properties of iron fortified “gari” and “fufu”, West African cassava fermented meals were investigated. Cassava tubers (manihot esculanta) were prepared using traditional methods for “gari and fufu” production. A 2 x 4 factorial was used, two products (gari and fufu), and four conditions with 0.2 g/kg ferrous sulphate (FeS), Iron III sulphate...
Nutritional study of new variety of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) JL-24 seeds
August 2011
Proximate composition, anti-nutritional and nutritional value of seeds of new variety of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) JL-24 was determined. The result showed that the groundnut seed contain moisture (5.529%), crude fibre (1.149%), lipid (46.224%), crude protein (25.20%), carbohydrate (21.26%), ash (2.577%), calcium (0.087%), phosphorus (0.29%) and energy (601.856%). The total fatty acid composition was...
Determination of malathion and fenitrothion residues in wheat by solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (SPME/GC-MS) method
August 2011
A solid phase microextraction (SPME) headspace sampling technique has been applied to gas chromatography / mass spectrometery for analysis of malathion and fenitrothion residues in wheat. Solid phase microextraction is an innovative solvent free technology that is fast, economical, simplicity and eco-friendly. The 65 µm polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) fiber was used for the isolation of target compounds from...
Assessment of microbial air contamination of post processed garri on sale in markets
August 2011
This study was designed to investigate the role of airborne microorganisms in the contamination of post processed garri during sale and distribution under tropical market conditions. Freshly processed garri samples were openly displayed in four different markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and the changes in microbial burden of the samples were determined over a period of 30 days. Aerosolised bacterial and...
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