Microbial properties of Ethiopian dairy products: A review
June 2014
Milk is considered as nature’s most perfect food known to man. It provides nutrients to all ages of the human race. Similarly, it is a good growth medium for spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the earlier report on microbial properties of milk and fermented milk products in different parts of Ethiopia. The dairy products reviewed included milk, ergo (naturally...
Bacteriological assessment of the quality of Brassica oleracea var. capitata grown in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana
May 2014
Bacterial and other microbial contamination of fresh vegetables from the farm or garden to the market and to the final consumer remain a problem worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the various possible bacterial species responsible for the contamination of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) in the Korle-Bu vegetable garden and Agbogbloshie market in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana. Sixty (60) cabbage...
Human papilloma virus and cervical neoplasia in HIV positive women: A non systematic review
May 2014
Human papilloma-virus (HPV) infection confers 85-90% of the attributable risk for the development of cervical dysplasia. Worldwide and in particular in Nigeria, HPV 16 has been shown as the most prevalent HPV type and it also contributes more to the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Studies have also shown that the prevalence of HPV is higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women of all...
Chemical control of dry bubble disease induced by Verticillium fungicola [Preuss] Hassebr on white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporous
May 2014
Dry bubble disease induced by Verticillium fungicola has been observed as an important disease of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in India. The symptoms produced on well differentiated fruit body are localized light brown depressed spots. The adjacent spots coalesce together to form irregular blotches. If the host pathogen infection is established before differentiation, sclerodermoid fruiting bodies appear on...
Screening for exopolysaccharide-producing strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Algerian raw camel milk
May 2014
Exopolysaccharides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria play a major role in the manufacturing of fermented dairy products as thickening agents. Exploration of the biodiversity of wild lactic acid bacteria from natural environments is currently the most suitable approach to search for the desired exopolysaccharide-phenotype. A total of 82 thermophilic lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from Algerian raw camel...
Properties of Enterococcus faecalis, a new probiotic bacterium isolated from the intestine of snakehead fish (Channa striatus Bloch)
May 2014
The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of snakehead (Channa striatus) fingerling to be used as a new probiotic in aquaculture. The total colony count of bacteria in the fish intestine was 2.1 × 106 cfu/g. Five LAB were isolated from the intestine of twenty fish and one of these isolates, LAB-4 was identified as Enterococcus faecalis by conventional and...
Application of bacterial biomass as a potential heavy metal bio-removal agent
May 2014
Water has been the most important element for saving life; the major global health problem has been water pollution that may be due to the wastewater discharge into the water bodies. Several techniques have been used for water treatment that is, physical, chemical and biological methods. Recently, the third method was the most effective one for the wastewater treatment. In this work twenty bacterial isolates were...
Detection of outbreak caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Assiut University Hospitals
May 2014
There is mounting evidence that Acinetobacter baumannii has a naturally occurring carbapenemase gene intrinsic in this species. Presence of class 1 integrase gene in Acinetobacter isolates is a useful marker for causing outbreaks in hospitals and for being epidemic strains of A. baumannii. The goal of the present study was to detect the resistance and outbreak marker genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
Rapid detection of virulence associated genes in Streptococcal isolates from bovine mastitis
May 2014
In the present study, 15 S. agalactiae out of 56 streptococcal isolates recovered from 98 milk samples collected from clinical cases, one organized farm and two unorganized sectors in and around Bangalore. All the streptococcal isolates were confirmed at genus level using genus specific primers targeting tuf gene of Streptococcus. Species level identification for S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis was done...
Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on exopolysacharide production by rhizobial isolates from root nodules of Vigna trilobata
May 2014
Twenty five (25) rhizobial strains were isolated from root nodules of Vigna trilobata cultivars grew in soils collected from all districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Five out of 25 rhizobial strains which produced copious amount of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YMA) medium with congo red were identified by sequencing of their 16S rDNAs. The amount of EPS produced by these five strains...
Molecular identification and antibiotics resistance genes profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Iraqi patients
May 2014
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading Gram-negative organisms associated with nosocomial infections. The increasing frequency of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) strains affects the efficacious antimicrobial options which are severely limited. In this prospective study, forty two different types of samples collected from patients with multiple types of infections attainted to AL-Kadhyimia Teaching...
Semen and microbial characteristics of two breeds of turkeys in an arid tropical environment of Bauchi State, Nigeria
May 2014
A study was conducted at the poultry unit of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Teaching and Research Farm to investigate semen characteristics and the sensitivity of semen microbes to some antibiotics in exotic (large white – LW) and local (indigenous – I) breed of turkeys for a period of six months. Data were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results show significant breed...
Production and characterization of alkaliphilic alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis A10 isolated from soils of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
May 2014
Bacillus subtilis A10 isolated from orchard soil, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. The enzyme synthesis was observed between pH 7.0-11.0, with an optimum 37°C. The amylase was purified by fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation and sephadex G-100 column. Analysis of the enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single band which was estimated as 46.9 kDa. The enzyme...
Efflux pump genes and chlorhexidine resistance: Clue for Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in intensive care units, Egypt
May 2014
One of the serious and growing challenges for infection control programs worldwide is hospital acquired infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered the second most common cause of hospital-acquired Gram-negative blood stream infections. Chlorhexidine is a topical antiseptic agent, widely used in different applications in hospitals. Healthcare associated infection rates were lower after chlorhexidine-containing...
Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from mangrove filamentous fungus, Syncephalastrum sp.
May 2014
In this study, the production and characterization of exopolysaccharide from Syncephalastrum sp. was carried out. This is the ï¬rst report on the production of exopolysaccharides from Syncephalastrum sp. Totally, four different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum and Syncephalastrum sp.) were screened for exopolysaccharide production. Among these, maximum polysaccharide producing species...
Analysis of the distribution of phytoplankton and enteric bacteria in Efteni Lake, Turkey
May 2014
Efteni Lake is a small and shallow lake located at the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey that is under severe environmental threat in terms of receiving land-based sources of pollutants especially of diffuse character. No field investigations related to phytoplankton distribution or enteric bacteria in the lake have been conducted prior to this study. To fill this gap in order to better understand the present status of...
Assessment of chemical and bacteriological quality of pipe-borne water from various locations in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
May 2014
Eighteen samples, consisting of six samples each, from three different locations that were 250, 500 and 750 away from the drinking water source in Delta State University, Abraka Campus, were collected and analyzed for their microbial and chemical quality using standard methods. Total viable counts were carried out using the pour plate method, while the most probable number was determined with the multiple tube...
Phenotypic characterization of phenol degrading microorganisms isolated from olive mill waste
May 2014
The growth of the olive oil production in Saudi Arabia particularly in Al Jouf region in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in the discharge of associated processing waste. Olive mill waste is produced through the extraction of oil from the olive fruit using the traditional mill and press process. Deterioration of the environment due to olive mill wastes disposal is a serious problem. When olive mill waste...
Epidemiological trends in pathogens from the 2012 Thai flooding disaster
May 2014
Fungi and bacteria in water samples taken from various flooded areas in Narathiwat Province, Thailand, were investigated. They were isolated by filtration from water samples, and identified by examining macroscopic and microscopic features for fungi and using biochemical methods for bacteria. Nine species of filamentous fungi and two yeast species were isolated. Water contaminated with dermatophytes contained...
Lithium chloride affects mycelial growth of white rot fungi: Fungal screening for Li-enrichment
May 2014
The enrichment of edible mushrooms with lithium (Li) may be a strategy to provide forms of lithium that are more soluble and bioavailable for humans. Therefore, it is important to determine which species of fungi are able to grow in the presence of Li, and which concentrations of Li allow fungal growth. Twelve white rot fungi strains were grown in potato dextrose agar media, supplemented with 0 to 1.65 g L-1 lithium...
Screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis infections among asymptomatic students of a private university in Western Delta, Nigeria
May 2014
This study was aimed at screening for non-treponemal antibodies, anti-hepatitis C and hepatitis B surface antigen markers among asymptomatic students of Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria. Venous blood was collected from 318 students of 26 years average age who did not show any visible signs or symptoms of any of the three infections. Blood samples were processed and screened for hepatitis C, hepatitis B and...
Antimicrobial studies of the crude extracts from the roots of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn.
May 2014
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn have been studied for their medicinal potential by agar well diffusion method. Five bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram positive bacteria) as well as five fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus,...
Antibacterial compounds in different species of Datura: A review
May 2014
The growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance to pathogenic microorganisms has led to the concern of scientists on finding novel antimicrobial agents from natural sources. Datura species is a medicinal plant that has significant antibacterial properties and has been widely used to treat various diseases such as diabetes, leucoderma, skin disorders, ulcers, bronchitis, jaundice, hysteria, insanity, heart disease,...
Production and purification of polyclonal antibodies against 34 kDa protein (P34) of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis
May 2014
Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis in ruminants. Among molecular components of MAP, protein P34 was identified as specific and immunodominant. Here, we describe the production of polyclonal antibodies with defined specificity for P34. Polyclonal antibodies were generated from New Zealand white rabbit. Animals were immunized at a certain time period with...
Anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in stray dogs housed in a private shelter in the Northwest Region of Parana State, Brazil
May 2014
The aim of this study was to detect anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in stray dogs housed in a private shelter in the city of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. This study included serum samples from all stray and asymptomatic dogs housed in a private shelter in the period between March and May 2011. In order to detect anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed using blades containing...
In vitro evaluation of some fungicides and bioagents against common bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara
May 2014
Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara is one of the most devastating seed-borne diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ethiopia. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activities of bioagents and fungicides which can be used to control bean anthracnose. Three fungicides viz., Mancozeb, Folpan and Mancolaxyl, and three...
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and repetitive element polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting of members of Frankia genus
May 2014
Slow growing actinobacteria of the genus Frankia are best known for their nitrogen-fixing mutualism with dicotyledonous host plants called actinorhizal plants. Twenty nine (29) strains obtained from diverse host plants and geographic area, have been studied based on amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and repetitive element polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting...
Biological activities of secondary metabolites from Emericella nidulans EGCU 312
May 2014
The fungus, Emericella nidulans was isolated from soil. The ITS region of 5.8S rRNA of the isolated fungus was amplified and sequenced. E. nidulans EGCU312 was given an accession number: KC511056 in the NCBI GenBank. Twenty one (21) fractions were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of fungal filtrate. Fraction no. 12 showed the highest antioxidant activity with 81.54% at 200 µg/ml. High anticancer activities...
Evaluation of wild Cicer species accessions for resistance to three pathotypes of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. in Algeria
May 2014
Twenty-five (25) genotypes of five wild Cicer species (Cicer judaicum, Cicer bijugum, Cicer cuneatum, Cicer echinospermum and Cicer reticulatum) were screened for resistance to ascochyta blight disease caused by Ascochyta rabiei, by artificially inoculating the germplasm under glasshouse. Highly significant effect (P<0.01) was observed on their reaction to three pathotypes of A. rabiei (Mos02 ‘pathotype III:...
Biotechnological potential of Candida spp. for the bioconversion of D-xylose to xylitol
May 2014
In the present study, 28 yeast isolates were obtained from sugarcane filter cake material collected across several ethanol industrial areas located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. First, isolates were taxonomically affiliated by sequencing and analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene as Candida tropicalis (24 isolates) and Candida rugosa (four isolates). Second, five phylogenetically distant isolates were...
Prevalence of antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolates, Entermoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
May 2014
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and to track associated risk facters of antibiotic resistant Salmonella, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in Harar, Easthen Ethiopia. A total of 384 stool samples were collected from Harar Hiwot-Fana Hospital and analyzed in Harari Regional Laboratory. The results of the study show that 96 (25%), 80 (20.6%) and 56 (14.6%) of the samples were positive...
Muntingia calabura botanical formulation for enhanced disease resistance in tomato plants against Alternaria solani
May 2014
The present study successfully demonstrate the inhibitory activity of the medicinal plant, Muntingia calabura against Alternaria solani which causes early blight of tomato and proposes the development of a new botanical formulation (Muntingin 5EC) and its use in plant disease management after package and practice. This ecofriendly botanical formulation was developed from the purified antimicrobial metabolite...
Nodulation efficacy of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant strain WB74 on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is affected by several limiting factors
May 2014
Lack of indigenous soil rhizobia that colonize and nodulate soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) roots is a common problem of South African soils. Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain WB74 has long been used as an effective commercial inoculant strain for soybean since its introduction in 1998. This paper investigates the major limiting factors involved in the nodulation efficiency of B. japonicum WB74 that affect soybean growth...
Antioxidative response of the fungal plant pathogen Guignardia citricarpa to antimicrobial volatile organic compounds
May 2014
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CR-1 are able to inhibit the development of the fungal phytopathogen Guignardia citricarpa, causal agent of the disease citrus black spot. Antimicrobial VOCs have potential applications to control plant pathogens; however, there is limited information on the action mechanisms. It is possible that VOCs trigger the accumulation of...
Faecal lactobacilli from common pheasants and their characterization
May 2014
Common pheasants have been most often breeded for sport hunting and for culinary meat. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a part of the obligate intestinal microflora. They play important role in the development of the immune system. Concerning the common pheasants, only limited information exists in relation with LAB. The aim of our work was to study faecal lactobacilli isolated of 60 common pheasants (farm in west...
Probiotic attributes of a yeast-like fungus, Geotrichum klebahnii
May 2014
Geotrichum klebahnii, a filamentous yeast-like fungus, was isolated from a cheese sample. Several in vitro tests were carried out for its probiotic characterization. This isolate showed high survival rate of 100 ± 1.8% at low pH (pH 2) and 100 ± 0.9% at high oxbile concentration (1%) and also grew well at 37°C. It showed an auto-aggregation ability of 100.00 ± 1.5% after 20 h of incubation at...
The immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strains on mononuclear cells isolated from human peripheral blood
May 2014
The immunomodulatory effect of nine strains of Lactobacillus plantarum by stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) from healthy donors was investigated. The production of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines by mononuclear cells following exposure of live bacterial cells was measured using multiplex analysis Luminex. The stimulation and production of cytokine by hPBMCs was...
Genetic diversity and phosphate solubilizing ability of Triticum aestivum rhizobacteria isolated from Meknes region, Morocco
May 2014
The objective of this work was to isolate, screen and evaluate in vitro, the phosphate solubilization activity of rhizobacteria isolated from Triticum aestivum rhizosphere soil in the Meknes region of Morocco. Five best isolates from 240 ones were selected based on the solubilization of insoluble phosphates (Ca3 (PO4)2) in both agar plate and broth assays using National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate...
Comparative evaluation of cellulase activity in Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma reesei
May 2014
Cellulase activity of two promising species of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma reesei were assessed for agro-industrially important cellulase (E.C.3.2.1.4) production. Both species were used for media optimization studies and effect of pH, temperatures and incubation periods on cellulase activity. The maximum cellulase activity was found to be 1.76 U/ml (EXG) in T. reesei at pH 4 in comparison with T. harzianum...
Pectate lyase production at high and low pH by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum
May 2014
Unripe avocado fruit in Mexico are affected by Colletotrichum spp. Although the literature indicates that unripe fruit are resistant to the fungus because of presence of compounds in the fruit, there is evidence on the intervention of pectate lyase (PL) as a virulent factor in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this work was to detect PL from the fungus in response to avocado cell wall under two pH...
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus suis serotype 2
May 2014
The development of a loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of Streptococcus suis, an economically important swine pathogen is reported. Primers were designed targeting conserved region of the capsular polysaccharide (cps2J) gene of S. suis serotype 2 and 1/2. The LAMP assay produced reliable amplification in 60 min at isothermal conditions of 60°C. Genomic DNA...
High viral load is necessary to detect human immunodeficiency virus by polymerase chain reaction in blood-soiled needles
May 2014
The estimated risk of contamination through percutaneous injuries involving HIV-contaminated sharp objects is 0.32%. It is well known that a high viral load is one of the conditions that increase the risk of HIV-1 transmission in occupational accidents. In order to estimate the level of viral load that could be necessary for HIV-1 transmission to health care workers undergoing occupational accidents with contaminated...
Phenotypic and genotypic identification of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli
May 2014
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are emerging, diverse group of plasmid - associated antibiotic resistant enzymes that are presenting a public health concern. ESBLs were detected in Escherichia coli by performing phenotypic tests on 18 out of 35 E. coli isolates recovered from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in three Eygpt hospitals and identified as positive ESBLs according to CLSI...
Influence of methanol fruit and leaf extracts of Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) on the activity of some antibiotics
May 2014
The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious draw back in the management of infections. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the methanol fruit and leaf extracts of Myrisctica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) against typed strains of Staphylococcu saureus, Bacillus suibtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined...
Characterization of different isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus from cucurbits in Saudi Arabia
May 2014
During the 2012 growing season, thirty three samples were collected from squash, pumpkin and muskmelon plants showing virus-like symptoms in Riyadh and Al-Madena regions of Saudi Arabia. Eleven of these samples were found positive for Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA). In the host range study for the five selected ZYMV isolates, 11 out of the 22 mechanically inoculated...
The identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica from canine isolates of sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA
May 2014
The amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA are useful tools to identify important bacteria that cause diseases in the respiratory tracks of a variety of domestic animals. Bordetella bronchiseptica, one of such bacterium, has demonstrated some changes in its metabolic core, generating a greater need for identification through amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA. We applied this methodology to eleven nasal and...
Pharmaceutical compounds effects on Nitrosomonas europaea nitrification process
April 2014
The present study had as purpose the investigation of the impact of four highly used pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) on the nitrification, a crucial process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Nitrosomonas europaea is known to be sensitive to toxic compounds and was used to examine the effects of four different PhACs (trimethoprim, ibuprofen, acetaminophen and 17-α-ethinylestradiol) on microbial...
Antifungal activities of Bacillus subtilis isolated from some condiments and soil
April 2014
Bacillus subtilis are beneficial organisms that can be used as biological control agents. A total of 62 species of Bacillus were isolated from four condiments (Ogiri, Iru, Okpehe and Dawadawa) and soil samples. The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (44%), Bacillus megaterium (16%), Bacillus licheniformis (14%), Bacillus pumilus (23%) and Bacillus cereus (3%). Nine strains of Bacillus subtilis were selected...
In vitro activities of tigecycline against Brucella spp. in an endemic area
April 2014
Human brucellosis remains a common zoonotic disease worldwide; it has been estimated to cause 500,000 new cases annually. In Saudi Arabia, brucellosis is endemic in different parts of the country due to consumption of unpasteurized milk. In this study, we investigated in vitro activity of tigecycline (TIG) against Brucella spp. isolated at Microbiology Laboratory, King AbdulAziz Medical City over the last 15 years. A...
Evaluation of antibacterial activities of some Nigerian medicinal plants against some resistant bacteria pathogens
April 2014
The search for the healing properties of plants is an ancient idea that has remained even till date. In this work, the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Corchorus olitorius, Pterocarpus santaliniodes, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Azadirachta indica was tested against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Streptococcus species using agar well diffusion method. The...
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