Pharmaceutical compounds effects on Nitrosomonas europaea nitrification process
April 2014
The present study had as purpose the investigation of the impact of four highly used pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) on the nitrification, a crucial process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Nitrosomonas europaea is known to be sensitive to toxic compounds and was used to examine the effects of four different PhACs (trimethoprim, ibuprofen, acetaminophen and 17-α-ethinylestradiol) on microbial...
Risk factors favoring the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in Colombian pork-meat processing plants
April 2014
We tracked Listeria monocytogenes as a microbiological risk factor in pork processing plants. The five plants analyzed were located in main areas for meat processing in Colombia. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 11.46% (36/314), represented by serotypes 4b (6/36, 16.7%), 4d/4e (10/36, 27.8%), 4b/4d/4e (4/36; 11.1%), 3a (3/36, 8.3%), 3c (1/36, 2.8) and 1/2c/3c (9/36, 25%); 4/36 isolates (11.1%) were assumed as possible...
Genetic variation analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Hong Kong (1997-2006)
April 2014
We analyzed the phylogeny, amino acid variations, positive selection, and glycosylation patterns of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of A/H3N2 in Hong Kong from 1997 to 2006. The results suggest that continuity and latency of influenza viruses might be the reasons why different influenza viruses co-circulate within the same season. Many amino acid mutations were retained for two or more successive years. The...
Characterization of Yersinia spp. strains isolated from pigs in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
April 2014
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and determine the molecular virulence of the pathogenic Yersinia spp. strains recovered from raw pig samples from a slaughterhouse in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 460 raw pig samples including 200 tongues, 150 tonsils, 110 feces, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically for virulence genes. The strains were also tested for the presence of...
Tegumental ultrastructure of Nephrostomum ramosum Sonsino, 1895 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from Ardeola ibis ibis
April 2014
During an investigation on intestinal flukes of cattle egret, Ardeola ibis ibis excysted metacercaria and adult worms belonging to family Echinostomatidae Nephrostomum ramosum were recovered. The tegumental surface of N. ramosum was described for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM observations of excysted metacercaria and adult worms showed some basic differences, excysted metacercaria is...
Culture-dependent characterization of microbes in biofilms from selected microhabitats in Rivers State, Nigeria
April 2014
Biofilms from different microhabitats such as air conditioner outlets, drainage system pipes, laboratory and kitchen sinks were sampled twice from the same sample sites at interval of four weeks. The sample sites were University of Port Harcourt, Abuja campus, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Alakahia town, Rivers State. The significance of the study was to determine the various groups of bacteria and...
Multiple antibiotic-resistance of Enterococcus isolated from coastal water near an outfall in Brazil
April 2014
Marine outfalls contribute to the environmental protection of coastal zones. However, these structures may serve as vehicles for microbiological contamination. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in water samples collected from 67 stations located in nearby areas of the ocean outfall in Fortaleza, Brazil. 81 Enterococcus strains were isolated, identified and distributed in...
Mosquito repellent from Thai essential oils against dengue fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti (L.)) and filarial mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus (Say))
April 2014
Repellent activity of Thai essential oils derived from ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) were evaluated against female Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and compared a commercially available repellents (IR3535, ethyl butylacetylamino propionate 12.5% w/w; Johnson’s Baby Clear Lotion Anti-Mosquito®). Each test repellent...
Biocontrol efficiency of native mycorrhizal isolates in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.)
April 2014
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) is an angiospermic medicinal herb, well recognized for the immense therapeutic potential of its roots containing several withanolides. W. Somnifera, however is susceptible for many plant pathogens like Ralstonia, Phytophthora, Fusarium and many others. The present investigation on ashwagandha was undertaken to screen the efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against different...
Antifungal activity of chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with mango anthracnose
April 2014
Chitosan loaded with various metal ions such as Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ has been reported to exert strong antimicrobial activity. In this study, the silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized at 95°C using chitosan as the reducing agent and stabilizer. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed peak in a range between 415-420 nm, the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band of silver nanoparticles. The size, shape...
Role of lignocellulolytic thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus MTCC 375 in paddy straw digestibility and its implication in biogas production
April 2014
Paddy straw was pretreated with Thermoascus aurantiacus MTCC 375, a ligno-cellulolytic thermophilic fungus, to enhance its biodegradability. The potential of microbial pretreatment under aerobic condition on paddy straw digestibility was investigated at regular intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days by determining the change in proximate (total solids (%) and volatile solids (%)) and chemical composition (cellulose,...
Antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance in motile Aeromonas strains isolated from fish
April 2014
Aeromonas spp. have been recognized as important pathogens causing massive economic losses in the aquaculture industry. This study examined the resistance of fish Aeromonas isolates to 15 antibiotics and 3 heavy metals. Based on the results, it is suggested that selective antibiotheraphy should be applied according to the Aeromonas species and the cultured-fish species. In addition, cadmium-resistant strains were...
Recognition of leptospirosis in dengue-suspected cases during dengue outbreak in Ceará State, Brazil
April 2014
Dengue fever frequently presents with non specific symptoms, making it difficult to be distinguished from other acute febrile illnesses, including leptospirosis. Given this, serum samples from 82 patients with clinical features of dengue-like illness were evaluated for dengue infection by IgM-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Negative...
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria colonizing halophyte and other salt tolerant plant species from coastal Gujarat
April 2014
Endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves of four dominant halophyte and salt tolerant plant species of coastal Gujarat. The bacterial counts on nutrient agar were found to be maximum in Spharanthus indicus (40%) and were minimum in Salicornia brachiata (10%). Twenty (20) bacterial isolates were selected and were characterized through morphological characters and biochemical tests. Three were pigmented and 17 were...
Phenotypic and symbiotic characterization of rhizobia isolated from Medicago ciliaris L. growing in Zerizer from Algeria
April 2014
Phenotypic characteristics of 37 rhizobia strains isolated from root nodules of Medicago ciliaris L. growing in soils collected from Zerizer (North Eastern Algeria) were studied. Tolerance to salinity, high temperatures, acid and alkaline pHs, drought and to antibiotics as well as symbiotic and cultural characteristics allowed the description of a wide physiological diversity among tested isolates. Thirteen (13)...
An overview of fungal and bacterial biopesticides to control plant pathogens/diseases
April 2014
Chemical agents are extensively used in all countries of the world in1960s, for controlling the agricultural pest and pathogens, it became apparent that agricultural chemicals were responsible for causing environmental pollution, they were present in the food chain, they were capable of inducing pest resistance, development of disease resistance, toxic hazards to man, plants, domestic animals and wild life, as a result...
Modeling of ultraviolet (UV) radiation under a large pilot-scale designed for wastewater disinfection and inactivation of selected bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a laboratory UV device
April 2014
The aim of this paper was to propose a modeling system of water ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Results reveal that application of the model of Chick-Watson in its original form or modified are not representative of the kinetics of disinfection. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model of Collins-Selleck in UV inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in secondary wastewater appeared to be the best applied...
Associations of cytomegalovirus with type I diabetes mellitus among children in Khartoum State
April 2014
Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common microorganisms that cause opportunistic infection that complicate the clinical care and progress of immunecompromised patients. The virus can cause severe diseases with multiple complications including type I diabetes mellitus. The present study is a case control study aimed at determining cytomegalovirus among type I diabetic mellitus in Sudanese children. Sera of eighty one...
Massive mortality associated with Streptococcus iniae infection in cage-cultured red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in Eastern China
April 2014
In August, 2011, an enzootic disease characterized by hemorrhage throughout body surface, enlarged spleen and kidney occurred in cage farmed red drum fish, in Dongtou, Zhejiang of China. The diseased fish weighed between 100 to 200 g, and the cumulative mortality within 60 days was higher than 70%. Several bacterial isolates that exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics were isolated from the...
Effect of citron by-product fermented with beneficial bacteria as a functional feed additive for Korean native steers
April 2014
This study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive, citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) probiotics (CPB) for beef cattle, using citrus junos by-product (CJ) with probiotics. A two-step fermentation process was developed for the production of CPB and the effects of CPB on growth performance, immune status, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile in Korean native (Hanwoo) steers were investigated....
Hypocrea/Trichoderma viridescens ITV43 with potential for biocontrol of Moniliophthora roreri Cif & Par, Phytophthora megasperma and Phytophthora capsici
April 2014
A Hypocrea/Trichoderma strain was isolated from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pods from a cacao plantation in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico. The strain was identified as H./T. viridescens ITV43 by its morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analysis of ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 and was tested against Moniliophthora roreri Cif & Par and Phytophthora strains by confrontation experiments. The biocontrol of H./T. viridescens...
Determination of morphometric, biochemical and genetic variation in Sclerotium delphinii isolates
April 2014
Variability among four isolates of Sclerotium delphinii isolated from infected diseased Khirni (Manilkara hexandra); chafa (Plumeria rubra acutifolia) and Jackfruit (Artocapus heterophyllus) plants of Western Maharashtra region of India were studied. This is the first report on presence of S. delphinii species in India. These isolates varied in colony morphology, mycelial growth rate, sclerotia formation period,...
Studies on Conidiomata developmental morphology of Pestalotiopsis disseminata
April 2014
This study shows the conidiomatal development of Pestalotiopsis disseminata (Thuen.) Stey., using light and transmission electron microscope. Light microscopic study showed the presence of non-ostiolate pycnidial conidiomata in culture, whereas it is known to produce only acervular conidiomata on leaves. Interestingly, the fungus showed the ultrastructure of the conidial wall in the coloured cells as well as the basal...
Parasites in synanthropic rodents in municipality of the Northwest region of the State of Paraná, Brazil
April 2014
The aim of this study was to identify the presence of different parasites in synanthropic rodents captured in the urban and peri-urban area in the city of Umuarama, Paraná (PR). The rodents were euthanized for measurement and collection of feces and ectoparasites. Specific identification keys were used for the ectoparasitological analysis and the technique by Hoffman et al. (1934) was used for the...
Antifungal resistance and herbal sensitivity of oral Candida isolates from HIV-infected patients in a rural community in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
April 2014
Drug-resistant Candida species in HIV-infected patients are the result of the selective pressure of currently used azoles. In the course of screening for active plant products against drug-resistant Candida species, we paid special attention on the effects of commonly available herbal plants. A total of 123 oral Candida isolates which were previously isolated from 172 HIV-infected patients were included in this study....
Bioprocessing of sugarcane factory waste to production of Itaconic acid
April 2014
This paper aimed at advances in industrial biotechnology over potential opportunities for economic utilization of agro-industrial residues sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse, which is a complex material, is the major by-product of the sugarcane industry. The present work has been taken up with a view of exploring the possibilities of using agriculture by products as a source for the production of itaconic acid from...
Status of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne species) disease in vegetable crops of some districts of central plain region of Chhattisgarh State, India
April 2014
The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are economically important pathogens, especially infesting vegetable crops. In the tropics and subtropics, Meloidogyne incognita causes an estimated yield loss of 5 to 43% in vegetable crops. In the present study, root-knot nematode disease was surveyed in various vegetable crops in the central plain region of Chhattisgarh State. Roots and rhizosphere soil samples were...
Growth measurement of Escherichia coli by differential scanning calorimetry
April 2014
Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and plate count (PC), growth of Escherichia coli was measured in four initial E. coli cell concentrations cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 35°C. The calorimeter measured the energy released and/or absorbed by E. coli cells during growth and expressed it as thermograms. The resulting thermograms accurately reflected cell growth and activity, and exhibited a close...
Fluorescent pseudomonads: Milestones achieved in the last two decades
April 2014
Environmental concerns have led to the need of sustainable use of natural resources. The conventional agriculture practice caused considerable pollution and unavoidable impacts on soil, water, animal as well as human health. Fluorescent pseudomonads, a group of root-associated bacteria that can colonize the roots of crop plants and produce antifungal metabolites represent a real alternative to the application of...
Beneficial properties, colonization, establishment and molecular diversity of endophytic bacteria in legumes and non legumes
April 2014
Different genera of bacteria are present as endophytic in roots and nodules of legumes and roots of non legumes grown in different parts of the world. A number of these endophytic inhabitants vary from few to large numbers. Predominantly, endophytes belongs to three major phyla, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and includes members of Streptobyces, Azocareus, Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia,...
Screening and evaluation of Lactobacillus spp. for the development of potential probiotics
April 2014
Probiotics are live microbial food ingredients that have beneficial effects on consumption. The present study searched fermented food samples for potential lactobacilli that could be used for the development of novel gastrointestinal probiotics. Fifty five (55) isolates were obtained including 46 bacterial and 9 yeast isolates. On the basis of morphological and biochemical properties, 21 were identified as Lactobacillus...
Prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases producers among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers
April 2014
The aim of this work was to detect the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) producers among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Out of 290 samples of diabetic foot ulcers, 99 strains of A. baumannii (33%) were isolated and identified by conventional culture methods. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated A. baumanni strains was done by disc diffusion...
Attempt of simulation of models to predict the disinfection efficacy of an UV disinfection reactor and kinetic study of inactivation of selected bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a laboratory UV device
April 2014
The aims of this paper were to propose a modeling system of water UV disinfection, establish the influence of UV doses on the kinetics of disinfection, study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and improve the performances of this multipart process. The UV disinfection should inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and improve the hygienic quality of water. A comprehensive treatment in considering the...
Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Hanwoo steers fed fermented liquid whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria
April 2014
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of liquid whey fermented with lactic acid bacteria on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat composition, fatty acid profile and meat oxidative stability of Korean Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four homogenous Hanwoo steers (22-months-old) were randomly distributed into two dietary treatments with four replications of three steers per treatments. Basal diet...
Isolation of Lactobacillus strains with probiotic potential from camel’s milk
April 2014
The study aimed to isolate and evaluate the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus species from fresh and fermented camel’s milk samples. Isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically. Biochemical features investigated included temperatures, pH and NaCl concentrations effects on growth, survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, bacteriocin like activity and antibiotic resistance of the...
Preparation and use of oil formulations of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Spodoptera litura larvae
April 2014
In vitro, the compatibility of eight vegetable oils, used as components in formulation, was studied in conidia of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, based in three parameters that are been evaluated: germination rate, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis. Almond oil and gingelly oils at 1, 2 and 3% concentrations showed compatibility with B. bassiana as well as M. anisopliae. Mustard...
Microbiological assessment of kunun-zaki marketedin Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) in The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria
April 2014
Forty-one (29) kunun-zaki samples were obtained as freshly formulated beverages from different local hawkers in 10 different locations in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The samples were evaluated for bacterial loads, isolation and identification of microorganisms present using spread plate agar dilution method. Bacterial loads ranged from 0.0 to 2.0 × 108...
Biochemical and molecular identification of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with childhood diarrhea and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates in Egypt
April 2014
Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) associated with childhood diarrhea was done out in Egypt. The usefulness of quantitative biofilm assay in detection of EAEC was compared with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and fifty cases of childhood diarrhea were divided into three groups; 50 cases of acute diarrhea (group I), 50 cases of...
Environmental impact on postoperative wound infections in a privately owned hospital in Ghana
April 2014
Edwin Cade Hospital of Anglogold, Ashanti, had been experiencing high levels of surgical site infections, but the causes of these were unknown. This study aimed to investigate environmental contamination and postoperative wound infections in the hospital. Wound samples were collected from infected surgical sites and also environments of operating theatre and the surgical wards and cultured for bacteria. Growths on...
Recombinant expression, purification of L-asparaginase-II from thermotolerant E. Coli strain and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity
April 2014
Repeated use of L-asparaginase II enzyme, in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, is commonly needed because of the enzyme’s instability and relatively short half-life which leads to more serious side effects on patients. In the present study, we report on the cloning and expression of L-asparaginase from a thermotolerant strain of Escherichia coli (KH027) which was isolated from camel manure and could...
Effect of the endophyte Ceratobasidium stevensii on 4-HBA degradation and watermelon seed germination
April 2014
A preliminary trial indicated that the replanting obstacle of watermelon could be mitigated by the addition of the endophytic fungus Ceratobasidium stevensii B6 to the soil. The mechanism by which this treatment reduced the obstacles to continuous cropping was not clear, although the phenolic acids secreted by watermelon are a known problem. Consequently, we investigated the degradation of phenolic acids by C....
Effect of different grains and alternate substrates on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production
April 2014
The present investigation was undertaken by using various grains for spawn production, and waste paper, wood chips were used in comparison with wheat husk for mushroom production during 2010-2011 at Department of Botany, Singhania University, Rajasthan. The results of the analysis of variance showed that diameter of colony extension in various grains are different and were significantly affected by substrate type. The...
Bacterial profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns in Xiangya Hospital, China
April 2014
The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial profiles and antibiotic-resistance patterns in Xiangya Hospital in 2012, and provide guidance for rational use of antimicrobial agents. Clinical strains were identified by the Vitek 2 automatic microbe analysis system and API test strips, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each antibiotic agent was determined. Data were analyzed in the WHONET 5.4...
In-vitro antimicrobial and synergistic properties of water soluble green and black tea extracts
April 2014
Green and black teas extracts are known for their antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. These studies have been necessitated by the need to combat the recent rise of drug-resistant human pathogens which is becoming a common occurrence in the world making easily manageable infections to become life threatening illnesses. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of water soluble green and...
Phylogenetic analysis of β subunit of the sulfite reductase gene from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and fungi with different lifestyles
April 2014
Previous studies have demonstrated that the machinery for sulfate assimilation influences the capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to invade a minor or major range of hosts, and this machinery appears to be dispensable when the lifestyle of the organism allows it. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the etiological agent of anthracnose, which is an important disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and an interesting model...
Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of crude secondary metabolites from a marine fungus Penicillium Oxalicum 0312F1
April 2014
The extract of fermentation product of the P. oxalicum strain 0312F1 was isolated through gel (Sephadex LH-20) column chromatography to give fractions A, B, C, D, E and F. Then, antimicrobial activity was evaluated by duel culture method and micro-dilution method. As a result, the water soluble extract of marine fungus Penicillium oxalicum 0312F1 had inhibitory activity against Alternaria solani. We also tested...
Biological control of citrus green mould, Penicillium digitatum, by antifungal activities of Streptomyces isolates from agricultural soils
April 2014
Streptomyces strains can control postharvest citrus fruit diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum. One hundred and ten (110) Streptomyces strains were isolated from agricultural soils and screened against P. digitatum. The antagonistic activities of the isolates were determined through dual culture technique. In the 110 isolates, only strain 328 showed strong antifungal inhibitory effects. Streptomyces strain 328...
The inhibitory effect of different chemical food preservatives on the growth of selected food borne pathogenic bacteria
April 2014
The inhibitory effect of different chemical food preservatives (potassium metabisulphite, sodium benzoate, citric acid, ascorbic acid and potassium sorbate) on the growth of selected food borne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) were investigated using agar diffusion technique. The concentrations used on test bacteria ranged...
Bacterial fermentation of Lemna sp. as a potential substitute of fish meal in shrimp diets
April 2014
Lemna sp. flour was fermented with bacteria as a source of protein for the preparation of white leg shrimp diets. Pediococcus pentosaceus was isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei and Litopenaeus stylirostris juveniles and characterized with biochemical (Gram stain, hemolytic activity, extracellular enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity, bacterial growth kinetics, salt tolerance, and cell count) and molecular (16S ribosomal...
Distribution and characterization of microbial communities in Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, an important predator of sap sucking insect pests
April 2014
Common green lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi is one of the important biological control agents and is used effectively to manage various insect pests. Chrysopid predators are found to harbor many endosymbiotic yeasts and bacteria. Keeping this in view, a study on the distribution of yeast and bacteria in the adult diverticulum and larval gut was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular...
Page 31 of 105, showing 50 records out of 5233 total, starting on record 1501, ending on 1550
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