Detection of antibodies to Peste des petits ruminants virus using passive haemagglutination test and cELISA in the White Nile state-Sudan, comparative study
September 2014
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important viral disease of sheep and goats, it causes huge economic losses in susceptible animals. The prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats in White Nile State, Sudan was studied; passive haemagglutinatin test (PHA) and competitive ELISA were used to detect PPR antibodies in 517 serum samples collected from animals that showed symptoms suggestive of PPR disease as well as...
Assessment of Salmonella spp. presence among broilers of naked neck Label Rouge lineage in Northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil
September 2014
The presence of Salmonella serovars in poultry products is a worldwide public health concern. Moreover, salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases with approximately 10 million cases of human infection occurring per year worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Salmonella spp. in broilers of the naked neck Label Rouge lineage by cloacal swab technique in a broiler house in the...
Xylanase production using fruit waste as cost effective carbon source from thermo-tolerant Bacillus megaterium
September 2014
Thermotolerant Bacillus megaterium BRL-0101 was used to produce xylanase in batch fermentations using various fruit waste as cost effective substrates. A mineral medium based on mango peel (100 g/L) as the carbon source and yeast extract + peptone + NaNO3 (10 g/L) as the nitrogen source proved to be the most effective. A 48-h batch fermentation in this medium with a starting pH of 8.0 produced a xylanase titer of ~2,876...
Jatropha seed cake supplementation for improved fungal growth and later use as animal feed
September 2014
The use of Jatropha curcas as a raw material for biodiesel production results in large amounts of a solid residue called Jatropha seed cake (Jc). This residue is composed of lignin, cellulose, toxic compounds and anti-nutritional factors. Though the monomers that make up lignin and tannins could be used in animal feed, the polymer forms are not easily digestible, which necessitates a processing step. White rot fungi are...
Recovery of lipophilic Malassezia species from two infants with otitis media in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
September 2014
Malassezia species are yeasts that can be present on healthy human skin but also associated with external otitis and other skin diseases. The aim of this work was the identification of Malassezia -lipophilic- species recovered from infants with otitis media. Microbiological culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed for Malassezia detection in samples obtained from two cases of infants with...
Nocardia seriolae, a causative agent of systematic granuloma in spotted butterfish, Scatophagus argus, Linn
September 2014
A Nocardia seriolae was isolated from diseased spotted butterfish (Scatophagus argus, Linn). The cumu-lative mortality within one month was 30% (660 out of 2200). The diseased fish were two years old with lengths from 18 to 25 cm. Most fish suffered from haemorrhages and ulcers of the skin. The most significant gross pathological change was enlargement of the spleen, kidney and liver. White nodules, varying in size,...
The immune response of silkworm, Bombyx mori
September 2014
The silkworm, Bombyx mori has been used to study numerous biological phenomena including innate immune response. B. mori could be infected by various pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and virus. After infection, these microorganisms induce different types of immune response, including humoral immune responses which secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) into the hemolymph and cellular immune responses which engulfed...
Comparative studies on five culture media for bacterial isolation
September 2014
The research made comparative studies on five media for bacterial isolation. This study aimed at capturing important comparative data in the various types of media for growth efficiency and specific bacteria identification in clinical microbiology. The sources of the samples were urine, nasal swabs and stool. The totality of 15 samples was plated monthly and 120 samples were studied during an eight month period. The...
Efficacy of fungicides, botanicals and bioagents against Rhizoctonia solani inciting leaf blight on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
September 2014
Leaf blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most serious diseases that cause damage to turmeric crop. Fifty percent disease incidence was observed in turmeric growing areas of Andhiyur (Erode district) and Mettur (Salem district) of Tamil Nadu, India. The antifungal efficacy of botanicals, bioagents and fungicides were tested against R. solani in vitro. It was observed that seed extract and oil cake of...
Biochemical factors and enzymes governing resistance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) against Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)
September 2014
Four mustard cultivars possessing different degrees of resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) were used to study the biochemical and enzymatic basis of resistance. These include two moderately resistant cultivars (RGN-13 and RRN-505) and two susceptible cultivars (Bio-902 and T-59). Phenol content in all the mustard cultivars tested was found to increase at all three stages of inoculation, that...
Cloning and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ia in Escherichia coli and its insecticidal activity
September 2014
The crystal (Cry) proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis determine a particular strain's toxicity profile. This study was focused on cloning a cry1Ia gene based on amplicon restriction fragment length polymorphism (ARFLP) profile which would be helpful in developing new biopesticides with broader and higher spectrum of toxicity against Lepidoptera and Coleoptera insect pests. The present paper describes cry1Ia...
Soil microbial properties, growth and productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) as influenced by moisture management and zinc fortification under rainfed conditions
September 2014
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important crop in rainfed conditions and marginal land areas; it is grown under improper crop establishment and imbalanced fertilization. Proper moisture management with zinc fortification has potential to improve productivity, solve zinc malnutrition problem, maintain soil health and economic sustainability. The present study was conducted during 2012 and 2013 at IARI, New...
Resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria in males with lower urinary tract obstruction in Kumasi, Ghana
September 2014
We described the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infections among males with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. Between January and December 2009, a cross sectional hospital based study was conducted for 102 subjects. Patients presenting with symptoms of LUTO and who were on short admission (at most 48 h)...
Biodegradation study of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane using selected bacteria isolated from agricultural soil
September 2014
Bacterial isolates RP-1, RP-3 and RP-9 were isolated from agricultural soil using enrichment culture technique and screened positive for lindane degradation. RP-1, RP-3 and RP-9 were found to utilize and degrade higher concentrations (100 ppm) of lindane. RP-1 and RP-3 showed 69.5 and 65% lindane degradation after 10 days of inoculation where as RP-9 degraded 62% of lindane after 15 days. The estimated Cl- ion release...
Action of sanitizers on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on stainless steel and polypropylene surfaces
September 2014
The interest of researchers in various areas has resulted in the investigation of different biofilm systems using a wide range of techniques. Biofilms are microbial communities consisting of mono or multi-species sessile cells, embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymers (exopolysaccharides-EPS) adhering to surfaces. In the food industry, the existence of biofilms is quite problematic, being responsible for the...
In vitro susceptibilities of the clinical isolate of Entamoeba histolytica to Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous extract and fractions
September 2014
Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) has been used widely in traditional medicine as a treatment against infectious pathogens. This medicinal plant is also well known for its diverse biological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibilities of the clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica to E. hirta aqueous extract, methanol fraction, methylene chloride fraction, and hexane fraction. The clinical...
Biodegradation of cassava root sieviate with enzymes extracted from isolated fungi
September 2014
This study was carried out to investigate changes in proximate and chemical components of cassava root sieviates (CRS) treated with extracted enzymes obtained from (a) Aspergillus niger (An); (b) Rhizopus stolonifer (Rs); (c) Trichoderma viridae (Tv) and (d) Mucor mucedo (Mm) applied on autoclaved CRS at 250 ml/kg. Another treatment had a commercial enzyme Roxazyme G2G (RG2G) as the degrading agent. At the end of the...
Non-invasive detection of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes ureA, vacA, cagA and babA2 among asymptomatic Egyptian infants
August 2014
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries. Infections early in childhood are postulated to induce a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori virulence genotypes ureA, vacA, cagA and babA2 among asymptomatic Egyptian infants...
Antibiotic resistance trend of Staphylococcus aureus isolated between 2010 and 2012 from mastitis cases in Azawak zebu in Niger
August 2014
The present study was conducted at the Sahelian Experimental Station in Toukounous Niger, on three herds of Azawak zebu breed in order to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of a total of 43 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 164 milk samples of cows with subclinical mastitis from 2010 to 2012. The highest frequency of resistance was observed for the β-lactam family: penicillin (46%) followed by oxacillin (12%)....
Influence of bacterial species on adhesion to stainless steel
August 2014
To assess the adherence of bacteria in stainless steel used in food processing, we developed an experimental model of a milk circulation line equipped with coupons T, 90° (elbow) and cylindrical-shaped constructed AISI 304 stainless steel. We evaluated the adherence of Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Bacillus cereus NCTC 11145 in vegetative and spore forms, before and after milk...
Isolation and characterization of Chromobacterium violaceum from a disused tin-mining lake in Malaysia
August 2014
During a survey of microorganisms from a disused tin-mining lake in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia, a distinct bacterium producing a purple pigment was isolated. The isolate was characterized by morphological observation, followed by a series of conventional biochemical tests, physiological tests, as well as antibacterial tests, and identified as Chromobactertium violaceum. It was a facultatively anaerobic, motile,...
Exploration of Serratia entomophila AB2 for lepidopteran pest control and productivity of groundnut
August 2014
The bacterial isolate Serratia entomophila AB2 having multidimensional attributes like larvacidal activity and nutrient-solubilizing capability was used to test its effect on productivity of groundnut. Two different inorganic carriers (talcum powder and vermiculite) based formulations of the bacterial isolate were also tested along with the unformulated product and 100% recommended dose of NPK (60:60:50) for comparative...
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from “zoom-koom†beverage and ice in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
August 2014
Pathogenic bacteria contaminate beverages and make consumers to have diarrhoeal diseases. This study was carried out to assess the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from “zoom-koom” beverages and ice from open markets of Ouagadougou. One hundred samples of both “zoom-koom” and ice were analyzed using standard microbiological methods....
Microbiological and parasitic quality of suya (roasted beef) sold in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
August 2014
This work is an investigation of the contaminants (microbial and parasitic) of suya (n=240) sold within Makurdi metropolis. The followings were detected in the roasted beef: bacteria: Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella sp., Shigella sp., Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.; fungi: Aspergillus sp., Penicillum sp., Rhizopus sp. and yeasts; protozoa:...
Evaluation of fungicide application on late blight in popular potato cultivars of the north eastern Himalayan hills of India
August 2014
Potato late blight is one of the major constraints to potato cultivation in the north eastern hill region of India. Eight popular potato cultivars (Kufri Girdhari, Kufri Megha, Kufri Himsona, Kufri Himalini, Kufri Giriraj, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Kanchan and Kufri Shailja) were evaluated for late blight disease progress and yield potential with or without the application of fungicide in the field. Blight appeared 103 days...
Dental plaque of children as probable Helicobacter pylori reservoir
August 2014
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral gram negative bacterium that normally grows in the stomach, and is the main causal agent of gastritis and peptic ulcers. In 1994, The International Agency for Research on Cancer recognized H. pylori as a carcinogenic factor for stomach cancer. The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for H. pylori and several authors have demonstrated the presence in adult patients of the organism...
Avian ochratoxicosis: A review
August 2014
Ochratoxicosis is one of the most common mycotoxicoses in poultry, specially commercial poultry. It is caused by most dangerous mycotoxin because it causes oncogenic effects in embryos, that is, ochratoxin A. The presence of ochratoxin-A in poultry feed contributes significantly to health disorders and decreases production. This is one of the causes of economic losses in poultry industry due to increased mortality,...
Scanning electron microscopy of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel and polypropylene surfaces
August 2014
Attachment of bacteria to food processing equipment surfaces can lead to product contamination, spoilage, and surface destruction. Most of bacteria in their habitat live in communities of different degrees of complexity, in general composing biofilms. Once installed the biofilm, the resistance of these sessile organisms increases, making it difficult thus the action of sanitizers. This multidisciplinary study led to the...
Induction of chitinase, β-glucanase, and xylanase taken from Trichoderma sp. on different sources: A review
August 2014
Biological control by antagonistic organisms is a potential nonchemical tool for crop protection against phytopathogenic fungi. Trichoderma spp. are the most commonly used biocontrol agent that are being used against many soil borne pathogens. The biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma involves mycoparasitism, antibiosis and competition for key nutrients. Chitinase, xylanase and β-glucanase are the major cell...
Effect of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing signal molecules on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation
August 2014
The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is an etiological agent of endodontic infections in oral biofilms. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing signal molecules on E. faecalis biofilm formation ability. Our results provide important effects of N-Hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) molecules on E....
The inoculation of cowpea culture with rhizobial lineage in Brazilian Cerrado Region
August 2014
Cowpea culture is spreading in the Brazilian Cerrado Region and specifically in Mato Grosso State. To evaluate the productive characteristics of cowpea inoculated with rhizobia lineages and grown in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso State, we conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with seven treatments, which consisted of five rhizobia lineages. Four lineages were previously isolated from cowpea (MT08, MT15, MT16...
Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural Burkina Faso
August 2014
Diarrheal infections are an important public health problem worldwide but there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of responsible agents in Burkina Faso, especially in the countryside. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica in diarrheal children in rural areas. Stool specimens were collected from 400...
Isolation and molecular Identification of fungi associated with the spoilage of farms fruit in Southern Côte d’Ivoire
August 2014
The spoilage of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.), pepper (Capsicum sp.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) from three selected farms in Agboville area, south of Côte d’Ivoire were investigated. 50 samples of each type of fruit (pawpaw, pepper and tomato) showing spoilage signs were examined for the presence of fungal pathogens inducing spoilage. Eight fungal species, Mucor velutinosus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii,...
New records and new distribution of known species in the family Orbiliaceae from China
August 2014
The family Orbiliaceae belongs to Orbiliales, Orbiliomycetes, Pezizomycotina and Ascomycota. It presently includes Orbilia, Hyalorbilia, and Pseudorbilia, which have caused more attention in due that some members of their 10 anamorphic genera are the nematode-trapping fungi. During the survey of the distribution of Orbiliaceae since the summer of 2005, three new records including Orbilia xanthostigma, Orbilia...
Isolation and characterization of Chilembwe and Sinda rock phosphate solubilizing soil microorganisms
August 2014
This study was conducted to isolate and characterize soil microorganisms capable of solubilizing Chilembwe and Sinda rock phosphates readily available in Zambia. Single isolates were obtained by direct plating and enrichment cultures with succinate, cellulose and glucose as the carbon sources. Isolates were differentiated using colony morphology (form, margin, elevation and colour) and a subset of 20 was chosen for...
Genetic diversity and plant growth promoting activity of salt tolerant rhizobacteria from rice (Oryza sativa L.) rhizosphere
August 2014
Rhizobacteria are possible alternative to chemical fertilizers and used to manage phyto-pathogens. In this study, rhizobacteria isolated from rice rhizosphere of coastal agriculture system of South Andaman, India were evaluated in vitro for their plant growth promoting property (PGP), antagonistic activity and genetic diversity using PCR-RFLP. From 63 isolates, 35 were positive for salt tolerance of upto 0.5 M NaCl and...
Conidial production of Beauveria bassiana on agricultural products and effect of storage temperature on its formulations
August 2014
Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, mini potato tubers, rice bran and rice straw were evaluated for mass production of three Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin strains. Results show rice as the most suitable substrate for examined fungi as it yielded highest conidial count (31.8×105 conidia/g) and colony forming unit (30.5 × 105 cfu/g) whereas rice straw recorded minimum conidial count (12.2×105 cfu/g)...
Profile of enzymes secreted by Nocardia sp. isolated from sugarcane bagasse leachate and its application in degradative processes of organic matter
August 2014
Microorganisms are involved in various processes of nutrient cycling, decomposing the organic matter, producing antibiotics, biosurfactants, enzymes for various industrial applications, and may have a direct application in bioremediation strategies. At the beginning of sugarcane crushing season of 2006/2007, samples of leachate of sugarcane bagasse (which was accumulated since the 2005/2006 season) were collected in a...
Biocontrol mechanisms by Trichoderma through genomics and proteomics analysis: A review
August 2014
Soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi pose serious threats to yield of several crops. Biological control is an eco-friendly approach in the effective management of crop diseases. Trichoderma is an important soil-borne fungus, which play an important role in antagonism by secretion of different hydrolytic enzymes. Lentil is an important pulse crop world-wide and its yield is severely affected by wilt...
Halophilic microbes for bio-remediation of salt affected soils
August 2014
Bacteria inhabiting soil play a role in conservation and restoration biology of higher organisms. The salt affected soils are dominated by many types of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms, spread over a large number of phylogenetic groups. These microbes have potential for plant growth promotion and release of enzymes under salt stress. Halophiles have thus potential to remediate salt affected soils, enhancing...
Effects of climate change on plant associated microbial communities and enzyme activities
August 2014
Environmental alterations leads to fluctuations in the soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities, as different weather parameters affect microbial biota and their activities in rhizospheric soil of crop. An agroclimatic study was carried out to study the effect of environmental alterations on soil microbial population and enzyme activities in rhizospheric soil of rice and wheat crop. Rice and wheat crop were...
Bot canker pathogens could complicate the management of Phytophthora black pod of cocoa
August 2014
Black pod is a major hindrance to cocoa production in Nigeria. It is caused by three different Phytophthora species with Phytophthora megakarya as the most important species in Nigeria and West African sub-region. Phytophthora spp. may enhance infections by opportunistic pathogens such as members of the Botryosphaeriacea that cause branch and trunk cankers in many woody plants across the world. Botryosphaeriacea has not...
Standardization of inoculation technique of sugarcane smut (Ustilago scitaminea) for evaluation of resistance
August 2014
Different inoculation techniques viz. inoculation of sets by dipping in spore suspension, bud inoculation with hypodermic syringe, bud wrapping by cotton swab dipped in smut suspension and inoculation of underground bud at the time of tillering (end May) were tested to screen against sugarcane smut in the field as well as in the laboratory conditions. In the field, out of the tested inoculation techniques, the maximum...
The specific nutrient synergy and their effect on the reduction of pathogens resistance to antibiotics
August 2014
The high level of pathogens resistance is becoming a huge problem in the health care system. The difficulty to treat recurrent infections also contributes to the spread of resistant microorganisms in the environment. The antibacterial therapy is very often not effective and costly. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in using natural plant components as effective antibacterial agents and valuable complement...
Demographic and microbiological profile of cystic fibrosis in Durban, South Africa
August 2014
Cystic fibrosis (CF) necessitates long-term treatment with multiple antibiotics creating selection pres-sure for the development of antibiotic resistance in infecting and/or colonizing organisms, impacting on disease management, morbidity and mortality. Sputum samples were obtained from patients attending the only two CF clinics in Durban over a year. The patient demographics and clinical data were recorded. Bacterial...
Isolation and characterization of bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens SL0708 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae)
August 2014
Photorhabdus spp. bacteria are associated with infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes of the Heterorhabditidae family. After entering the host, these bacteria cause septicemia and kill the insect within 48-72 h. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the symbiont bacteria of the Heterorhabditis sp. SL0708 entomopathogenic nematode, isolated in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. To this end, we...
Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional abattoir-based study
August 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Butajira Municipality abattoir from December, 2009 to April 2010 to investigate the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia. Postmortem examination, mycobacterial culturing and multiplex genus typing techniques were used. An overall prevalence of 9% (40/446) of the animals examined harbor gross tuberculous lesions up on detailed post-mortem...
Bovine vaginal lactobacilli and their adherence to mucus in different phases of the estrous cycle
August 2014
The aim of the study was to isolate vaginal latobacilli from heifers and cows with healthy reproductive tract and to test their adherence to vaginal mucus in different phases of the estrous cycle. Moreover, the strains were tested to produce hydrogen peroxide and organic acids and in vitro antagonistic activity against pathogenic indicator strains. Five strains were selected (from 244 samples of 122 heifers and cows)....
Activity of the desert truffle Terfezia boudieri Chatin, against associated soil microflora
August 2014
This research focuses on the activity of the desert truffle Terfezia boudieri Chatin against its associated microflora. It consists of the enumeration and pre-identification of soil microflora associated with ascocarps of T. boudieri Chatin, in contact with fungus ascocarps and at 10 cm deep. Enumeration reveals that the number of some microorganisms is higher when in contact with ascocarps of T. boudieri than at 10 cm...
Establishing cause effect of multistressor environments on Oreochromis niloticus and its parasite communities
August 2014
This study investigated the composition and structure of the parasitic communities in Oreochromis niloticus with respect to levels of water quality in three different ecosystems. A total of 366 O. niloticus were examined from three water courses: CLAR ponds, (unpolluted), Abbassa privet ponds (slightly polluted) and Manzalla ponds (polluted). Trematodes, monogeneans, cestodes and acanthocephalans were found in all the...
Page 27 of 105, showing 50 records out of 5233 total, starting on record 1301, ending on 1350
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