Effect of bacteria biomass detachment on the ammonium oxidation yield
November 2014
Nitrification yield can be affected by fixed biomass or biofilm density. Infact, biofilm detachment may influence the nitrification. The present experiment investigated the effect of detachment biomass cells on nitrifying bacteria expressed via nitrification rate. We monitored nitrification rates before and after biomass detachment from gravel sampled in a small-scale model of wastewater treatment using macrophytes in...
Improvement of soybean growth and productivity by inoculation with two yeast species in new reclaimed sandy soil amended with humic acid
November 2014
The use of biofertilizers and organic matter can eventually reduce the need for inorganic synthetic fertilizers which are potentially more detrimental to the environment. The objective of this work was to study the impact of soil inoculation with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MB151 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 66 in a soil inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 110 and amended with different concentrations of humic acid...
Fungal endophytes of sorghum in Burkina Faso: Occurrence and distribution
November 2014
A survey was conducted to assess the natural occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in sorghum in relation to plant performance in two distinct agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Sorghum farm-saved seeds were sown in 48 farmers’ fields in Sahelian and North Sudanian zones to produce sorghum plants. In each field, leaf samples were collected from five well-developed (performing) and five...
Optimization of fermentation conditions for the anti-cyanobacterial substances production by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 using response surface methodology
November 2014
To investigate the influence of fermentation conditions such as temperature, initial pH, volume and agitation rate on anti-cyanobacterial active substances production, response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to optimize the fermentation conditions of an anti-cyanobacterium Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1, and the anti-cyanobacterial effect was evaluated. Most common and widespread bloom-forming cyanobacterium...
Scanning electron microscopy of parasitic association of soil fungus Trichoderma sp. with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
November 2014
Scanning electron microscopy of egg masses, second stage juveniles (J2) and adult females of Meloidogyne incognita from its laboratory culture on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) revealed prolific fungal growth of Trichoderma sp. on egg masses of the nematode collected from roots of plants grown using non-sterile manure-rich soil. Fungal hyphae and conidia were found adhered to the surfaces of eggs and egg masses...
Production and optimization of extracellular α-amylase productivity from Bacillus subtilis
November 2014
A moderately thermophilic strain of Bacillus subtilis was isolated from agricultural soil at the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. The organism produced a thermostable α-amylase in complex medium containing 2% (w/v) soluble starch. Peak amylase activity was obtained at 48 h of fermentation period which corresponded with the late exponential phase of the organism. Amylase...
Assessment of fungi in soils of sugarcane crops and their potential for production of biomass-degrading enzymes
November 2014
Soil management practices are known to affect the biomass and enzyme activities of microbial soil communities. To assess whether burning of sugarcane prior to harvesting affects the community of soil-borne fungi, we collected soil samples in two sites: burned sugarcane culture prior harvesting (BS) and non-burned sugarcane culture (NBS). A total of 75 filamentous fungal isolates were recovered from soils in both sites....
Microbial pathogens in moderate to severe diabetic foot infections
November 2014
Foot infections are the most common complications in diabetic patients and common cause of morbidity and mortality. They require prompt diagnosis and involvement of a multidisciplinary team in their treatment. Prospective study to define the etiology of the deep diabetic foot infections and its specific characteristics concerning the adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy was done. The study included 50 patients, who...
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal action of four aqueous plant extracts on multi-drug resistant bacteremia and their effect on cells morphology recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
October 2014
Four aqueous traditional plant extracts from rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis), clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum [L.] Merr at Perry, Myrtaceae), cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) were tested as natural antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteremia isolates: Six Gram negative isolates, viz. Acinetobacter baumanni/haemolyticus, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia...
Antibacterial activity of the methanol, aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Lippia adoensis
October 2014
The fresh leaves of the wild plant (Lippia adoensis var. adoensis) are used for washing wooden and ceramic utensils to give fresh and clean smell. The dried leaves of the cultivated variety, L. adoensis var. koseret, are also used to flavor butter often added to flavor ‘kitfo’ (minced meat) dish. The dried leaves powdered together with barley are eaten to get relief from stomach complaints. These properties...
Isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain: Construction of recombinant fusion protein for control of tuberculosis
October 2014
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries. The only available vaccine against TB is bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In the present study, local mycobacterial strains were isolated, identified and characterized by molecular methods. Plasmid pAGMJ6 was constructed by fusion of potentially immunogenic sequences of antigens Ag85B with ESAT-6. Fusion construct was cloned in pET28a vector to...
An investigation into the comparison of three human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance interpretation algorithms
October 2014
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is caused by mutations in the patient’s human immunodeficiency virus genome that renders antiretroviral (ARV) drugs less effective. Drug resistance not only results in the patient being more vulnerable to opportunistic infections, but also may increase the spread of resistant strains of HIV. Interpretation computer algorithms may be used to determine which ARV...
Antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from patients admitted with postoperative infection in a regional hospital center in Togo
October 2014
The treatment of postoperative infections is becoming difficult because of the increasing resistance rate to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify postoperative bacterial infections and determine their current antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics drugs. A cross sectional study was carried out on patients operated upon and followed up for development of infection on the surgical site until the...
Changes of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signaling pathway in the incidence and development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
October 2014
This study investigates the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signal pathway in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: 1) normal mice (control group), 2) normal mice infected with Aspergillus fumigates, 3) normal mice treated with immunosuppressant and inoculated with A. fumigatus (IPA Model). Mice were sacrificed at different time points after inhaling...
Challenges in predicting Staphylococcus spp. β-lactamic resistance in pet animals
October 2014
The present work evaluated the species distribution associated with the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by phenotypic analysis and mec and bla gene detection in 100 Staphylococcus strains from 219 clinical samples from cats and dogs in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oxacillin susceptibility profiles were detected by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommended tests. The amplification of...
Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
October 2014
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in humans and the commonest cause is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC possess various virulence factors which enable them to survive and grow in urine and other extra-intestinal environments. Similarly, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) are known for their ability to cause extra-intestinal diseases in birds. Since APEC and UPEC may encounter...
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli among inpatients and outpatients of Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South-West, Ethiopia
October 2014
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as a major threat worldwide with limited treatment options. The prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains largely remain unknown in Ethiopia. The study was aimed at determining the occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among inpatient and outpatient settings, their antimicrobial...
Regeneration of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) plants from callus and establishment of dual culture of host and parasite (Alternaria burnsii)
October 2014
Tissue culture technique can be used for normal callus culture and regeneration of a new clone. Nowadays the technique is used for establishment of dual culture of host and parasite, and regeneration of disease free plants. Normal callus was established and maintained on MS-medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 1.0 mgl-1) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 4.0 mgl-1). Efficient shoot bud and regeneration of...
Microbiological assessment of bottled water brands in the Bulawayo market, Zimbabwe
October 2014
This study aimed at evaluating the microbial quality of bottled water available in the Bulawayo market necessitated by the influx of local and imported bottled water brands into the market. The samples were analysed for Escherichia coli, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total coliforms, feacal coliforms and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total coliforms had a prevalence of 10% in local bottled water brands with bacterial...
Effects of fertilizers and soil amendments on the incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
October 2014
Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)] is a major oilseed crop, grown in rabi season in India. Sclerotinia stem rot, stem blight or white rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a serious problem in mustard crop in Northern India. The present investigations were undertaken to understand the role of fertilizers and organic amendments on disease development in mustard crop under field conditions....
Metal and antibiotic resistance among heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting hospital waste water and polluted sea water
October 2014
The pollution of marine environment with heavy metals, antibiotics, dyes and surfactants may possess a serious threat to human life and the other organisms because of their toxicity and ability to persist for long time. The metals and antibiotics resistance of 48 heterotrophic bacterial isolates from hospital waste water and polluted sea water were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of heavy metals...
Assessment of antimicrobial effect of moringa: In vitro and in vivo evaluation
October 2014
This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of water and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera (lam) leaves against major food poisoning reference strains using agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extract showed greater antibacterial activity than water extract. The highest zones of inhibition were against Gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli O157 ATTC 700728, E. coli O78, E. coli O26,...
Detection of cockroaches as mechanical carrier of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species
October 2014
Cockroaches are cosmopolitan and are found in warm snug places. They are active at night and like to live in humid cracks, behind appliances, cabinets and drawers. They carry microbes on their external body surfaces as they often live in unsanitary places and are thus dangerous to human. This study was carried out in Quetta city. 50 samples of cockroaches were collected from washroom, kitchen and gardens from different...
Chemical characterization and bioactivity evaluation of bacteriocin from marine biofilm-forming bacteria
October 2014
The marine biofilm bacteria were isolated on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet immersed from offshore platform of Central Electrochemical Research Center (CECRI), Tuticorin, Tami Nadu. The isolated marine biofilm bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacillus spp., Flavobacterium sp., Microccocus sp. and Cytophaga sp were identified up to generic level. The Pseudomonas sp. was the dominant,...
In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of two indigenous functional food-plants (Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum) used in the Oliver Reginald (O.R.) Tambo district municipality of South Africa
October 2014
Plants have long been the source of important products with nutritional and therapeutic properties. African indigenous functional food-plants such as Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum may constitute important sources of phytochemical constituents for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds against infectious organisms. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of C. album and S....
Isolation and characterization of two T4-like bacteriophages against pathogenic Escherichia coli of piglet
October 2014
This study, has described the isolation of two T4-like JH11 and JH14 phages. All bacteriophages produced clear plaques in double Luria Bertani (LB) agar, but JH11 produced the larger plaques. These phages lysed Escherichia coli O141: F18 (ETEC), they have icosahedral heads, necks and contractile tails, and belonged to the Myoviridae family. The genomes of these phages were a strand DNA, predicted to be larger than 2 kb....
Evaluation of Streptomyces as probiotics against vibriosis and health management of prawn larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii
October 2014
Nearly forty-five isolates of Streptomyces were found to be associated with 16 different seaweeds. Of these, only six strains that antagonized Vibrio vulnificus were selected to study the probiotic efficiency. Six strains were characterized based on the phenotypic characteristics. The toxicity of different Vibrio species (V. harveyji, V. parahemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus) towards prawn larvae...
Brucellosis in human and domestic animals in Bangladesh: A review
October 2014
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), brucellosis is considered to be the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world. It is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease in many countries including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to review published reports of the brucellosis in humans and domestic animals...
Maize (Zea mays) growth promotion by rock-phosphate solubilising bacteria isolated from nutrient deficient soils of Cameroon
October 2014
Rock phosphate is an alternative strategy for less expensive natural sources of plant nutrients. However, this can be efficiently used by plants only when associated with phosphate solubilising microorganisms. Phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) from soils of two agro ecological zones of Cameroon were screened for their phosphate solubilising ability on plates and in liquid cultures supplemented with Malian, Moroccan...
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in Saudi women with normal and abnormal early pregnancy: A case control study
October 2014
This work measured the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 in Saudi women with normal and abnormal early pregnancy. This is a case-control study; serum samples were collected from 250 women as follows: 100 normal pregnancies, 70 ectopic pregnancies and 80 spontaneous abortions. IgG and IgM antibodies against candidate organisms were measured using enzyme linked...
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity against bacterial leaf blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryze pv. oryzae and antioxidant activities of Streptomyces sp. TC1
October 2014
A Streptomyces sp. TC1 isolate was screened for antimicrobial activity against bacterial leaf blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae under in vitro condition. The crude extracts obtained from the culture filtrate by solvent extraction using ethyl acetate were possessed with moderate antimicrobial activity tested in agar well diffusion method. The crude extract is also analyzed for antioxidant activities by six...
In vitro antibacterial screening of methanolic extract of whole body tissue and ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) extract of cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) against selected clinical isolates
October 2014
The need for the discovery of new and novel antibiotics is imperative because evidence suggests that development and spread of resistance to any new antimicrobial agent is inevitable. In the present study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of whole body tissue and ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) extract of cuttlebone (polysaccharide) of Sepia pharaonis was investigated against ten bacterial...
Histological and histochemical changes induced by the amendment of chitosan and inoculation of Pseudomonas sp. against Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
October 2014
This study was conducted to evaluate the comparison between the histological and histochemical changes in leaves of tomato due to tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) with or without plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan treatments. The combined treatment of chitosan and Pseudomonas sp. induced a significant (P=0.05) increase in the activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase,...
Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in allergic rhinitis patient and healthy individuals: Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and effect on disease severity
September 2014
Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting populations globally. It has been recently suggested to increase the risk of both methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, MSSA) nasal carriage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and antibiogram to MSSA and MRSA among allergic rhinitis patients and healthy individuals, and its effect on disease severity. Nasal swabs were...
Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of Olea europaea Linn. extracts against dental pathogens
September 2014
Dental caries is a common disease in human population which has a multifactorial etiology. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various extracts of Olea europaea against six bacterial pathogens [Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus sobrinus, Staphylococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus and one fungi (Candida albicans)]. Plant...
16s rDNA sequence characterization and homogeneity of halophilic Bacillus sp. isolated from athalosaline lake (Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia)
September 2014
Moderate halophilic bacteria from Dowma al Jandal in extreme north Al Jouf were isolated using cultural-dependent methods. Halophiles from hypersaline environments possess a biotechnological potential. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16s rRNA gene and phylogentic analysis were used to identify strains. Culturing was done aerobically in chemically defined media (CDM). Salt concentration (15%) was...
Microbial and physico-chemical changes in tomato juice subjected to pulsed electric field treatment
September 2014
The possibility of microbial reduction by external pulsed electric field (PEF) offers a new application for pulsed power technology. Applying PEF technology to food pasteurization is a promising non-thermal method. One of such application is prevention of microbial growth, an effect that is based on irrreversible permiabilization of cell membranes. The objective of this study was to increase the shelf life of tomato...
Antimicrobial profile of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis cases in the northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil
September 2014
Bovine mastitis is the main cause of economic losses in dairy industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic-resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis cases in the municipality of Altônia, northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil. Two hundred and forty-eight dairy cows were examined for the presence of...
Diversity of yeasts in otchè, a traditional starter used in fermentation of an opaque sorghum beer “chakpaloâ€
September 2014
Sorghum beer is a significant diet component of millions of poor rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we identified and biochemically characterized yeast strains isolated from otchè, a traditional starter used in fermentation of chakpalo, an opaque sorghum beer in Benin. 12 samples of otchè were collected from 12 different commercial processing sites. The mean values of pH, titratable...
Evaluation of plant extract in control of dry bubble disease of white button mushroom caused by Verticillium fungicola f.sp. fungicola Preuss (Hassebr)
September 2014
Dry bubble disease induced by Verticillium fungicola has been observed as an important disease of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in India. The symptoms produced on differentiated fruit body are localized light brown depressed spots. The adjacent spots coalesce together and form irregular blotches. If the pathogen infection is established before differentiation, sclerodermoid fruiting bodies appear on casing...
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial properties and phytochemical composition of Artocarpus altilis leaves using ethanol, n-hexane and water
September 2014
This study was undertaken to describe the comparative evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Artocarpus altilis leaves in three different solvents (ethanol, n-hexane and water). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis carried out confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, reducing sugar, saponins, soluble carbohydrate, hydrogen cyanide and glycoside in...
Morphological, physiological and pathogenic variability of small-spore Alternaria sp. causing leaf blight of Solanaceous plants in Algeria
September 2014
Due to premature defoliation, early blight epidemics can cause major yield losses. Large-spore Alternaria species such as A. solani and A. tomatophila have long been recognized as important pathogens responsible for such blight disease in the family Solanaceae and thus represent a serious risk for crop production. Small-spore Alternaria species have also been frequently isolated from plant samples with typical blight...
Antibiotic susceptibility of enteric bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat meat balangu in Kogi State, Nigeria
September 2014
Antimicrobial susceptibility of 212 enteric bacterial isolates from 60 samples of Balangu (ready-to-eat meat) was determined using the disk diffusion method. Based on the traditional bacteriological techniques, the enteric bacteria were identified as Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Edwardsiella spp. Antibiotic...
Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of polar microorganisms isolated from Antarctic lichen Psoroma sp.
September 2014
Recent studies suggest that bacterial communities in lichens contribute structurally and ecologically, but their biological activities are not fully investigated. In this study, we explored biological potential of microorganisms that are isolated from Antarctic lichen Psoroma sp. Using their bacterial cell culture extracts, we evaluated antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Among 20 bacterial species that were...
Phenotypic characterization of Brucella melitensis isolated from livestock in Abu Dhabi Emirate
September 2014
Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease associated with chronic debilitating infections in humans, loss of calves, lambs or kids and infertility in animals. A high prevalence of the disease in livestock is reported in Abu Dhabi Emirate. However, the isolation of Brucella species from livestock in this region has never been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify Brucella species involved in...
Yeast CA-11 fermentation in musts treated with brown and green propolis
September 2014
Worldwide laws are being created to reduce the amount of antimicrobial residues in foods and beverages. Distilled alcoholic beverages, such as cachaça should be detached, because some microorganisms infect the fermentation process and decrease the product quality, making it to require microbiological control. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the green and brown propolis extract, as well as the...
Interactive effect of Zeralenone and Fumonisin B1 on caspace-3 kinetic activity, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, malondialdehyde levels and viability in Caco-2 cells
September 2014
Several Fusarium toxins are often found in combination in infested cereal grains such as peanuts, rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. Our previous study reported co-occurrence of Fusarium toxins fumonisin B1 (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in all food analyzed from Côte d’Ivoire namely rice, maize, peanut and millet. However, a few studies have been reported that address the toxicity of Fusarium toxins mixtures. In...
Antimicrobial activities of six plants used in Traditional Arabic Palestinian Herbal Medicine
September 2014
Ethanolic extracts of six plants: Arum palaestinum Bioss, Urtica pilulifera L., Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Origanum syriacum L., Teucrium creticum L., and Teucrium polium L., used in Traditional Arabic Palestinian Herbal Medicine were evaluated for their antibacterial, anti-candida, and antidermatophyte activities using well diffusion, micro-dilution and food poisoned techniques. The extracts were tested against: six...
Multiple molecular markers for diagnosis of conjunctivitis caused by Candida spp. in Iraq
September 2014
Candidiasis of the eye and its symptoms may lead to blindness in many patients. This study aimed to survey and diagnose ocular candidiasis by identification of the causative Candida spp. from 165 swabs samples collected from patients suffering from conjunctivitis (pink eye infection). A total of 35 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were isolated and preliminarily identified by CHROMagar technology. Based on the...
Assessment of Salmonella spp. presence among broilers of naked neck Label Rouge lineage in Northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil
September 2014
The presence of Salmonella serovars in poultry products is a worldwide public health concern. Moreover, salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases with approximately 10 million cases of human infection occurring per year worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Salmonella spp. in broilers of the naked neck Label Rouge lineage by cloacal swab technique in a broiler house in the...
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