Prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) among patients attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
May 2010
The prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) was evaluated in three hundred patients attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Results showed 180 (60%) patients were positive. The most common organisms were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the gram...
Mouse mortality from a high Plasmodium berghei inoculum density may be due to immune suppression in the host
May 2010
Patients’ malaria parasite burden on hospital presentation has been implicated in human artemisinin monotherapy failure rather than any drug resistance-conferring genetic mutation in the infecting Plasmodium species. We investigated this observation using a mouse-Plasmodium berghei model at varying inocula abundance and monitored the pathogenesis without intervention. Three...
Inflammatory response after laparoscopic versus open colonic resection: Review of the literature
April 2010
Surgical trauma may lead to immune dysfunction as a result of the intense inflammatory response which arises in order to restore tissue function. The inflammatory response after surgical trauma is mediated by a number of substances which are produced at the site of wounded and manipulated tissues or at more distant places and they can act locally and systematically. These substances are TNF, Interleukins, Heat shock...
A seroepidemiological study of rift valley fever virus among slaughter houses' workers in Saudi Arabia
April 2010
The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) in non-exposed regions in Saudi Arabia following the outbreak that had occurred in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia in 2000 - 2001. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-RVFV IgG antibodies among subjects working in abattoirs or adjacent livestock holding yards as a high risk group and healthy...
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant and coagulase-negative staphylococci in a tertiary care hospital in India
April 2010
The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and MRCoNS and their rate of resistance to different antistaphylococcal antibiotics used broadly for treatment.Of the 235 isolates, 164 isolates (69.8%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and the remaining seventy one (30.2%) were coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS), the frequency of MRSA by oxacillin screen agar method,...
Protective role of gossypol against N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric carcinogenesis in experimental rats
April 2010
Gossypol, C30H30O8, is a polyphenolic aldehyde compound derived from the cotton plant (genus Gossypium, family Malvaceae) that permeates cells and inhibits wide range of cell growth. It also disturbs a variety of cellular enzymes that are known to be involved in energy production. According to literature survey there is no study on the effect of gossypol on experimental gastric cancer. Here, we used...
Symptomatic outcome following laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication: Our initial experience
April 2010
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is increasing in frequency in the Asia Pacific region, which can be attributed to increase in awareness among doctors and patients and/or true increase in the prevalence of this disease. Surgical treatment of GERD is well established in the West and in selected clinical situations, provides well recognized benefits over non-surgical treatment. In contrast, there are only a few published...
Unusual location of BCR/ABL fusion gene in four CML patients with masked Philadelphia chromosome
March 2010
The author describes atypical BCR/ABL fusion patterns among CML patients using FISH technique. The fusion BCR/ABL gene is usually observed at the der(22) chromosome while atypical rearrangements in CML patients are rare. As the relocation of BCR/ABL1 fusion sequence on sites other than 22q11 represents a rare type of variant Ph-translocation, the present study may highlight the hot spots involved in CML pathogenesis and...
A ten year retrospective study of incidence of cleft lip and/or palate in babies born in the CISAM maternity unit, Recife, Brazil
March 2010
An epidemiologic study of children’s prevalence born with cleft lip and/or palate in the Amaury de Medeiros Integrated Health Center (CISAM) maternity unit, between January 1998 and December 2008. Variables instructed are prematurity, APGAR index, type of cleft, other associated anomalies besides clefts, mother’s age, occurrence of infection in mother and use of drugs during pregnancy. Descriptive analysis...
Histopathologically documented gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients: Clinicopathologic analysis with serum quantitative PCR correlation
March 2010
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is associated with high mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Few studies have correlated serum viral load with histopathological findings in this setting. Gastrointestinal biopsies from 28 immunosuppressed patients showing CMV cytopathic effect were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Quantitative...
Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants of two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon
March 2010
This paper documents the herbal drugs that are used in two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon, namely littoral and South-west and Sudano-sahelian regions. The data on popular medicinal plants used to cure several diseases were collected through direct interviews with herbalists, traditional healers and customers between 2006 and 2007. An inventory of 289 plants species belonging to 89 families was prepared along with...
Resistance to respiratory illness and antibody response in open water swimmers during training and long distance swims
March 2010
The immune response in open water swimmers during training and long-distance swims (LDS) as well as their resistance to respiratory illnesses has not been investigated. The immune, metabolic and hematological response was determined in experimental and control groups of swimmers (7 and 8 athletes, respectively) during 6 months of training, as well as in the experimental group during each one of three LDS (>6 h)...
Management of childhood diarrhea by patent medicine vendors in Enugu North Local Government Area, South-east Nigeria
March 2010
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Enugu North LGA, Enugu state, Nigeria in November, 2008. Ninety patent medicine vendors were studied using semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Information on knowledge and management of diarrhea in under-fives was obtained. The patent medicine vendors had good knowledge (64.0%) of the types, causes, signs and effects of diarrhea but...
Antibacterial potential of chosen mangrove plants against isolated urinary tract infectious bacterial pathogens
March 2010
Five Indian mangrove plants (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Avicennia marina) /parts (hypocotyls, bark, collar and flower) were investigated to evaluate the antibacterial activity against UTIs bacterial pathogens. Sixty nine bacterial strains were isolated from mid urine samples of 75 males and 75 females from Thondi coastal area, Ramanathapuram and were identified by...
Efficacy and challenges of adherence to anti retroviral therapy: Experience from Nyeri Provincial Hospital, Kenya
February 2010
A study was conducted to investigate the success and challenges of antiretroviral therapy among patients attending Nyeri provincial hospital in Kenya. The success of treatment was monitored by viral load, CD4 cell count and weight. On the other hand, challenges of ART were investigated by administering a questionnaire. The results indicate that the quality of life of the patients improved markedly with increase in...
Tinea capitis in primary school children in Hamedan (West of Iran)
February 2010
Regarding the importance of Tinea capitis as a world wide health problem, evaluation of this problem needs territorial epidemiologic studies. This disease is commonest in boys less than 15 years old, therefore this study was performed to determine the prevalence and aetiologic agents of T. capitis among school children in Hamedan. We examined1800 cases of children from Hamedan primary schools. The...
Craniometric patterns of three Nigerian ethnic groups
February 2010
The usefulness of craniometry in facilitating proper identification of skeletal remains and in emphasizing a common origin of studied populations is far reaching. Conducting anthropological studies with the aim of obtaining the characteristics of ethnic groups assists not only in understanding the frequency distribution of human morphologies but also in providing the basis for comparison of races. Craniometric patterns...
Human herpes viral central nervous system infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV patients: An 18-month prospective study
February 2010
Human herpes virus (HHV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a common problem worldwide. The incidence of HHV-CNS infection in human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and non-HIV patients has been studied at Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. To identify the prevalence and incidence of HHV1 (HSV), HHV3 (VZV), HHV4 (EBV), HHV5 (CMV), HHV6A,B, and HHV 7-CNS...
Treating children for malaria fever in the face of counterfeit and fake medicines
January 2010
Knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraception among students in tertiary schools in Anambra State Southeast Nigeria
January 2010
Emergency contraception is very important in the fight to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and the attendant unsafe abortion within the developing countries. This multicentered, cross sectional and questionnaire based study assessed the knowledge and practice of emergency contraception among 600 undergraduate students selected from four tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. 38.1% were...
Inter-relationship of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous fat with blood pressure among university-going Punjabi Sikh and Hindu females
January 2010
Different anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC) and skin fold thickness are the important indicator to investigate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the interrelationship between blood pressures with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and...
Prevalence of different Nd:YAG Laser induced complication in patients with significant posterior capsule opacification and their correlation with time duration after standard cataract surgery.
January 2010
To determine the prevalence of different types of eye complication due to Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and its correlation with postoperative time duration following cataract surgery. Eyes underwent ND: YAG Laser posterior capsulotomy (on average 6 months to 3 years) after implantation of Intraocular lens (IOL) in posterior chamber of the eye. Determination of different types of Nd: YAG Laser induced...
Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract in alloxan - induced diabetic Wistar rats
December 2009
Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern, especially in the developing countries. The current orthodox treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus have many drawbacks including undesirable side-effects and the high cost of long-term treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of Ethylacetate and n-Butanol fractions of Ganoderma...
Anti-hyperglycaemic, lipid lowering and anti-oxidant properties of [6]-gingerol in db/db mice
December 2009
In the present study, we investigated the blood glucose lowering, lipid lowering and antioxidant effect of [6]-gingerol in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Treatment of db/db mice with [6]-gingerol (100 mg/kg bw) for 12 days significantly (p<0.05) lowered fasting blood glucose and improved the glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Oral administration of [6]-gingerol also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased plasma...
The Malaria and the vaccine candidate
November 2009
A case of Behcet's disease with abdominal aortic aneurysm
November 2009
Behcet's disease is a multisystem disease that is mainly classified as vasculitis and may involve many organs like skin, mucosa, eyes, joints, vessels, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, testis, heart and lungs. This case depicts a rare presentation of Behcet's disease with multiple saccular aneurysms in a 33 year old man. A patient with a persistent pain in the back and flanks with radiation to the testis...
Testicular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: A case report
November 2009
Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas in children. It is found mostly in children, primarily infants, toddlers, and pre-school pupils. However, pure testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare tumor and few cases have been reported in literature. The tumor usually presents as a painless testicular enlargement with early dissemination via the blood stream and lymphatics. The origin of this...
Biosynthesis, physiology and main diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of cardiac natriuretic peptides
November 2009
Cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) is a family of peptide hormones, circulating in blood, originating from three prohormones: The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) prohormone synthesizes four active peptides (ANPs: Long-Acting Natriuretic Peptide, Vessel Dilator, Kaliuretic Peptide and ANP). B type natriuretic (BNP) and C type natriuretic (CNP) prohormones are cleaved in only one active peptide hormone each (BNP and CNP,...
Lactoferrin levels in human breast milk among lactating mothers with sick and healthy babies in Kaduna State, Nigeria
November 2009
Breastfeeding of babies has received worldwide recommendation and acceptance due to its high level of bioactive constituents. Lactoferrin, an iron binding glycoprotein is one of the major bioactive components of breast milk. Lactoferrin has many proposed biological functions which include antibacterial/anti-inflammatory activities, participation in local secretory immune systems in synergism with some immunoglobulins...
An evaluation of the use of insecticide treated bed nets among children presenting with malaria at a Nigerian health facility
November 2009
The use of insecticide treated nets has been advocated for the prevention of the vector borne transmitted disease (malaria) by the World Health Organization and UNICEF for more than a decade now through the roll back malaria (RBM) program. In spite of this, malaria continues to significantly impact negatively on the health of Nigerian children, thus signifying no reduction in the transmission of the disease. This makes...
Surgical stress differences between total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty
November 2009
This study aims to clarify the difference between surgical stress of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under the same conditions through blood transfusion and ischemic extremity. Body temperature, white blood cell (WBC) count, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured for eleven patients undergoing THA and eight patients undergoing TKA. All the patients...
The correlation of pre-pregnancy body surface area and the rate of cervical dilation in term nulliparous women
November 2009
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation of maternal body surface area with cervical dilation in nulliparous women at term. Data from nulliparous women with a term pregnancy referred to Al-Zahra Maternity Hospital in Rasht were collected from November 2008 - May 2009. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancy, nulliparity, estimated fetal weight of less than 4000 g, gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks,...
Rapid detection of procalcitonin as an early marker of sepsis in intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital
November 2009
This study investigated the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) as an early marker of sepsis, its relation to infection severity and its prognostic value. A total of 109 consecutive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients admitted to the intensive care unit were included: 68 with infectious SIRS (33 with sepsis, 20 with severe sepsis and 15 with septic shock) and 41 patients with non infectious SIRS....
Serum levels of micronutrients and antioxidants during malaria in pregnant women in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
November 2009
The comparative effects of malaria on serum micronutrients and antioxidants were studied in two hundred and ninety five (295) pregnant women aged 20–43 years. The malaria cases were 195 while 100 served as controls. Serum levels of copper, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, vitamin A, folic acid, cobala-mine and antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, carotenes, glutathione and superoxide dismutase were measured....
Malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women with multiple child birth attending ante-natal clinics in parts of Idah and Igalamela/Odolu Local Government Areas of Kogi State, Nigeria
November 2009
The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia/ anaemia among pregnant women with multiple child birth were determined during two malaria transmission seasons in rural Idah and Igalamela-Odolu Local Government Areas of Kogi State. In each survey questionnaires were administered on previous number of child births and gestational age, while presence or absence of malaria parasitaemia was determined. A total of 797 pregnant women...
Health workers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards hepatitis B infection in Southern Nigeria
October 2009
Globally, it is estimated that approximately 400 million individuals are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus and more than a million people die annually from HBV-related causes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo state, Nigeria, to determine health workers knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards hepatitis B infection using a structured questionnaire....
Prevalence of breast cancer in menopausal blind women
October 2009
A correlation between prevalence of breast cancer with blindness has not been attempted in India and only scanty information is available at the world scenario as well. We have done a pilot study by epidemiological survey of blind menopausal (high risk age group) women (n = 204) from Chennai to find the prevalence of the disease. In the present study, menopausal visually challenged women have shown that the ratio...
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) caused by Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa vs. other microorganisms at an adult clinical-surgical intensive care unit in a Brazilian University Hospital: Risk factors and outcomes
October 2009
This study aims at investigating whether the development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) episodes caused by Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosaor other microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and other bacilli) were related to different risk factors. A 1-year retrospective case-control study was conducted in surgical-clinical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Inclusion criteria were VAP cases (n =...
Evaluation of biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from nosocomial infections and skin of healthy volunteers
October 2009
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections. The major virulence factor is thought to be biofilm formation by the organism mediated by gene products of the icaADBC operon. In this research, biofilm phenotype and icaADBC gene carriage were studied in 50 S. epidermidis isolates from symptomatic patients (group A) and 50 skin isolates from healthy...
Quality use of antidepressants: How pharmacists can play their part
October 2009
Geohelminthiasis among Nigerian preschool age children
October 2009
A study of the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of geohelminth infections was investigated among preschool children aged 1-5 years old in Ibilo, Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and ninety eight children (94.30%) out of 316 volunteers examined were infected with one or more geohelminth parasites. The predominant geohelminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (85.7%, 104.4 epg),...
Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital: Risk factors, overall mortality and antimicrobial resistance
October 2009
A retrospective study on risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was carried out on 99 blood culture isolated episodes of S. aureus in a Brazilian hospital during 2000 - 2002”. We found several factors associated with an increased risk of methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) bacteremia including presence of two or more devices and use of antimicrobials. The patients with MRSA...
Neuroimaging findings in breast cancer: A systematic qualitative review
October 2009
Patients with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy may develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, including fatigue and depression. The authors discuss the potential use of structural neuroimaging in the identification of these patients. Findings from neuroimaging studies improve our understanding of the wide-ranging neurobiological changes in breast cancer patients. We set out to determine whether neuroimaging studies had...
Effective inhibition of agglutinability of human A and B type erythrocytes by sodium periodate-chloroacetic acid combined treatment
October 2009
The study focused on effective inhibition of the agglutinability of human A and B type erythrocytes by sodium periodate-chloroacetic acid concerted action. Suppression of agglutinability was determined by using anti-A and anti-B antisera. Effective concentrations of sodium periodate were 6.8 and 2.7 mM, respectively for A and B type erythrocytes in presence of 4.5 mg.ml-1 chloroacetic acid in the reaction mixture....
Predictive equations for estimation of stature from knee height, arm span, and sitting height in Indonesian Javanese elderly people
October 2009
The purpose of this study was to develop the predictive equations for estimation of stature, using knee height, arm span and sitting height in Indonesian Javanese elderly people. Eight-hundred and twelve healthy elderly people (295 men and 517 women) participated in this cross sectional study. Standing height, weight, knee height, arm span and sitting height were measured. The Chumlea and Eleanor equations were...
Dermatoses reports in Wenchuan districts of Sichuan province after 5.12 earthquake
October 2009
After 5.12 earthquakes, we attended one team for medical support at the dermatologic clinic in Wench-uan district of Sichuan province, the centre of the earthquake. The dermatoses were recorded and statistically analyzed. We try to assess different epidemiological and clinical features of the dermatoses in Wenchuan district of Sichuan province after 5.12 earthquakes. Clinical assessment of...
Biochemical observations in wistar rats fed with the histological dye extracted from Sorghum bicolor
October 2009
The biochemical effects of the histological dye extracted from Sorghum bicolor on Wistar rats were studied. The rats were fed with different doses of the aqueous extracts, 10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg for 24 h and then sacrificed through cervical dislocation. Thereafter, the sera were analyzed for random blood sugar, AST, ALT, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and bilirubin, and...
Research and Development of Drugs – unequal for certain diseases
September 2009
South Asian version of flatbush diabetes mellitus- A case report and review article
September 2009
Ketosis prone type 2 diabetes mellitus which was once described as “atypical diabetes” is being recognized increasingly worldwide; being originally described in African population has been seen in multiple ethnic groups, especially in urban areas. These patients are typically obese, middle-aged men with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in its cause are...
Knowledge of diabetes management and control by diabetic patients at Federal Medical Center Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria
September 2009
This survey was undertaken to assess knowledge of diabetes management and control techniques on diabetic patients attending Federal Medical Center, Umuahia and Abia States, Nigeria. A descriptive research design was used for the study and a sample of 96 patients was used. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentages. The major findings showed that 80.2% knew...
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