Endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia: Emerged as a weapon in the war against mosquito born diseases
February 2015
Because of climate change and failure of the existing methods of control of vector borne diseases and vector are increasing. Mosquito species are the main vectors of human pathogens causing malaria, dengue, filariasis, chikungunya, yellow fever and West Nile. There are no well-organized methods and tools of controls of vector and vector borne diseases, since no efficient vaccines or drugs are available. Despite years of...
Comparative evaluation of pattern of abnormalities in hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy among women with infertility in Zaria, Nigeria
February 2015
Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy procedures commenced recently in our center and no study has been done on them yet. Also, there is paucity of information in our environment on comparison of laparoscopy/hysteroscopy findings with hysterosalpingography (HSG) amongst infertile women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pattern of the abnormalities detected on HSG in infertile women and to compare them with laparoscopy...
Parental perceptions and home management of pyrexia in children in a malaria endemic area
February 2015
Fever is one of the most common symptoms of disease in children, accompanies a range of illnesses and is often treated at home before medical attention is sought. An investigation of fever management among parents of children under five was carried out to evaluate parental perception. Parents of 1143 children were randomly selected and interviewed to answer a questionnaire about fever. Majority of parents (63%)...
Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients
January 2015
Fertility is considerably affected in chronic renal insufficiency and periodic hemodialysis, and it is improved by renal transplantation. Transplanted patients recover from their renal failure state, and pregnancy occurred in 2% renal graft recipients who were fit to procreate. The aim of this study was to bring back the cases of pregnancies carried out in our renal patients who had transplantation surgery and to...
Blood pressure lowering and cardio-protective effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts in some laboratory animals
January 2015
This study evaluated the blood pressure effects and cardio-protective function of ginger and garlic extracts in laboratory animals. Wistar rats of both sexes were assigned into the following groups: Group I: Served as control + distilled water; Group II: 20 mg/kg of garlic; Group III: 40 mg/kg of garlic; Group IV: 20 mg/kg of ginger; Group V: 40 mg/kg of ginger; Group VI: garlic 10 mg and ginger 10 mg/kg; Group VII:...
Assessment of the pattern of antibiotics use in pediatrics ward of Dessie Referral Hospital, North East Ethiopia
January 2015
The main purpose is to assess the prescribing practice of antibiotic in pediatrics ward of DRH, North East Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross sectional study was used to assess patient cards for the past 1 year (June 2012- May 2013). Results: About 98 % of pediatrics was prescribed with at least one antibiotic. The most common diagnoses were severe pneumonia (19.6%) and Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)...
Distribution of phage types of Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor in Nigeria (2007-2013): Implication in cholera mortality
December 2014
Nigeria has been plagued with seasonal epidemics of cholera with high mortality impact since 2007. Data to understand the molecular epidemiology of strains for developing country-specific control measures are either not available or incomplete in most of the epidemic states. To bridge this information gap, this study determined the phage type profiles of some selected Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor strains involved...
Assessing the surgical anatomy of the ethmoid sinus in adult Nigerians using computerized tomography scan
December 2014
We undertook this study to describe the morphology and anatomical variations of ethmoidal sinus in adult Nigerians using computerized tomographic scan, bearing in mind the significance of this sinus in inflammatory pathologies of the other paranasal sinuses and endoscopic sinus surgery. This was a descriptive study of computerized tomographic scans of the paranasal sinuses of 114 subjects constituting 228 ethmoids. All...
Rhabdomyosarcoma followed six episodes of squamous cell carcinoma in a Nigerian albino: A case report
November 2014
Beginning from 1975, a Nigerian albino aged 27 years developed squamous cell carcinoma that recurred a total of seven times, the last being a rhabdomyosarcoma in 2005 at the age of 61 years. In this context, we are aware of published cases of carcinoma but not of sarcoma. With special reference to albinism, squamous cell carcinomas superabound. If at all, resections are scarcely carried out more than...
Vaginal birth or repeat caesarean section: women's preferred mode of delivery after a primary caesarean section in Maiduguri, Nigeria
November 2014
Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is an acceptable option for delivery in a woman with one prior lower segment caesarean section (CS) and in the absence of an obvious contraindication to vaginal delivery. This was a cross sectional study that sought to explore the preferred mode of delivery (VBAC or CS) in a cohort of post operative patients that had a primary CS and the reason for such preference using a...
Assessing students’ knowledge of sub-disciplines in anatomy: A pilot study
October 2014
In recent time, anatomy as a discipline has been broadened, providing lodgings for sub-disciplines. Arising from the consequence of this expansion, it is necessary to assess the knowledge of the sub-disciplines among student trainees in anatomy. Hundred pretested and self-administered questionnaires were administered to undergraduate students and graduate students of BSc. in Anatomy of the Ebonyi State...
Emergency contraception: A different perspective on knowledge and use among female undergradutes in a non-residential tertiary institution in Nigeria
October 2014
This study assessed the knowledge and use of emergency contraception among female undergraduates of a non-residential tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in March, 2011 amongst 363 consenting female undergraduates using pre-tested, structured questionnaires. Respondents were recruited by multistage sampling technique whilst data analysis was done using...
Medical treatment of the complication of first trimester pregnancy loss with misoprostol
September 2014
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol in patients with complication of first trimester pregnancy loss. After the departmental approval, a total of 102 women with first trimester pregnancy failure were recruited for treatment with misoprostol. The inclusion criteria were gestational age of less than 12 weeks and hemodynamically stable. The exclusion criteria were patients with...
Whole-body vibration and benefits for people with osteoarthritis: A systematic review
September 2014
Whole body vibration (WBV) can be an important tool to treat patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to systematically review published research concerning the use of WBV in people with OA. In PubMed and Scopus, the number of publications (NP) is respectively to the keywords arthrosis, 289,586 and 10,569, osteoarthrosis, 299,158 and 3,952, arthritis, 251,453 and 236,849 and...
Reasons for admission and mortalities following admissions in the intensive care unit of a specialized hospital, in Ethiopia
September 2014
Many studies have been conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU). But little is known about the outcomes of ICU admissions. This is particularly the case in the ICU of developing countries. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess reasons and outcomes of admissions in the ICU of Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH). A longitudinal study was conducted in the ICU of JUSH from February 7 to April 15, 2011. All...
Anatomical variants, clinical presentation and pathological findings in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery
August 2014
In this study, we investigated the different anatomical variations and clinical modes of presentation of chronic rhinosinusitis and their association with final histopathological diagnosis. This prospective randomization research was conducted on a total of 284 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery from March, 2009 to September, 2012. The study population (284 patients)...
Effect of chronic administration of Aloe vera extract on plasma biochemistry in rabbits
August 2014
Due to excessive use, synthetic medicines are going to be expensive and resistant, their residues accumulate in blood, that is why slowly and gradually they become resistant. Alternatives to synthetic medicines are herbal medicines that are cheap, with minimum or no side effect. Previous studies found that liquid extract of Aloe vera plant proved beneficial for animal’s health as it has...
The effect of ozonized saline solutions processed under intense electric fields in the treatment of infected necrotizing acute pancreatitis: An experimental mode
August 2014
The aim of this study was to study the effect of ozonized saline solutions administered intraperitoneally in rabbits suffering from severe acute pancreatitis with infected necrosis. The acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of sodium taurocholate into the main pancreatic duct and in the next 24 h, a cecal fistula was created to obtain infection of the pancreatic necrosis with intestinal germs. The rabbits were...
Seroprevalence of syphilis among male blood donors by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in Thi-Qar province, Iraq during 2007 to 2011
July 2014
The prevalence of infectious diseases is increasing in developing countries, and this may threaten the biological safety of donated blood. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of syphilis among male blood donors in Thi-qar province, Iraq during the period of 2007 to 2011. The study was carried out at the central blood bank of Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq for a period of five years and screened all male...
Interplay between nitric oxide (NO) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in primary hypertension
July 2014
Essential hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere in people of sub-Saharan origin. This study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in aetiology of essential hypertension. An analytical cross-sectional design was applied to 89 essential hypertensive participants and 89 healthy normotensive...
Severely inflamed Meckel’s diverticulum in infancy mimicking acute appendicitis: A diagnostic conundrum
July 2014
Meckel’s diverticulum occurs around the fifth to seventh week of the embryological development. It originates when the vitelline or omphalomesenteric duct which normally connects the primitive gut to the yolk sac fails to obliterate. Meckel’s diverticulum may be symptomatic or remain silent throughout life time and incidentally discovered at autopsy. Symptoms primarily emanates from an array of complications...
Occurrence of hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ amongst patients on antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) in a treatment centre in Calabar, Nigeria
June 2014
The occurrence of hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ virus amongst patients on antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) was studied. Two hundred (200) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive subjects on ART and 100 apparently healthy HIV negative subjects (control) were recruited for the study. The subjects aged 1 to 75 years were screened for hepatitis B and C viral antibodies using hepatitis B and C test...
Flowcytometric analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood
June 2014
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes. Elevated levels of ALDH have been demonstrated in murine and human progenitor cells compared with other hematopoietic cells, and this is thought to be important in chemoresistance and purification techniques and an indication of the proper function of the cell. A Flowcytometric method for the assessment...
A theoritical study of Curcuma longa’s anticancer agents, curcumin I and curcumin II, ın blood and gas by using density functional theory (DFT) and hartree–fock (HF)
June 2014
The active compounds of Curcuma longa (Curcumin I and Curcumin II) were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) and hartree–fock (HF) in blood and gases. Curcumin II react with the radicalic forms of the molecules that cause cancer cell formation easily. On the other hand, the free energy of Curcumin I is higher than Curcumin II. Hence, hydrogen bonds formation of Curcumin II is more than Curcumin I....
Trichomonas vaginalis cases presenting at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosptial, Ghana over a period of 11 years: 1994 to 2004
May 2014
The study aims at establishing the trend of Trichomonas vaginalis infections diagnosed at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi over an eleven (11) years period (1994 to 2004). The retrospective study involves the yearly distribution of the infection as well as the monthly distribution relating them to the ages and sex. The mean ages of males and females infected were 28.8 and 26.0 years, respectively. The...
Expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 in monocytes following stimulations by genital secretions of HIV infected and uninfected women with symptomatic vulvo-vaginal candidiasis
May 2014
Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common condition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are key pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system in sensing Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in HIV-infected and uninfected women with VVC. Cervico-vaginal fluids (CVF) were obtained from 7...
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Spectrum of colonoscopy findings in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
May 2014
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common ailment seen at emergency departments. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the aetiology and management outcome of LGIB in our centre and compare it with results elsewhere. Sixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy for LGIB were recruited into this study. The study was...
Standardization of the method to obtain therapeutic-quality platelet-rich plasma
April 2014
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a reliable source for obtaining cells to regenerate tissues, with ease of availability inorder to implement and standardize the ideal methodology in centrifugation strength and time for obtaining therapeutic-quality PRP, allowing its application to provide better and rapid recovery of muscular injuries, tendinitis, bone and ligament lesions. To evaluate PRP therapy, 150 patients with...
A Cd36 polymorphism associated with eight-times increased susceptibility to cerebral malaria in Central Sudan
April 2014
Malaria is one of the biggest known health threats in Africa. Erythrocytes infected with falciparum malaria adhere to a variety of host receptors, including CD36. Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The human protein CD36 is a major receptor for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and contributes to the pathology of P. falciparum malaria. The aim of the...
Incidence of thrombocytopenia in seropositive dengue patients
April 2014
Dengue has become a major health concern globally in recent decades. Dengue infected patients manifest a spectrum of symptoms and in severe cases the fate is mortality. A hallmark of dengue infection is thrombocytopenia which causes concern for the patients and treating doctors. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of thrombocytopenia in seropositive dengue patients. Bleeding manifestation was also investigated in...
Prevalence of risk factors of chronic diseases in Senegalese retired men
March 2014
The prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases (CDD) is increasing rapidly in many countries throughout the world. This increase is mainly related to changes in lifestyles, but very little is known on adults from the developing countries. The aim of the study was to provide data on the prevalence of risk factors of chronic diseases in retired Senegalese men, and to investigate the relation between these risk factors...
Risk factors of non-communicable diseases among female university students of the Health Colleges of Taif University
March 2014
Two-thirds of 2010 deaths worldwide were caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus coming top as the causes of mortality. In 2008, 26.6 per 1000 female population deaths, and 46 per 1000 male population deaths in Saudi Arabia were attributed to non-communicable diseases. Data about the magnitude of NCDs among young population in the Kingdom of Saudi...
Correlates of sexual outcome expectations and risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male inmates in the United States
March 2014
This study sought to identify variables that independently correlate with sexual outcome expectations among a sample of 187 convicted felons in Georgia. Trained interviewers collected data from study participants after explaining the purpose of the study and obtaining informed consent. Relationships between individual sexual outcome expectation variables and other demographics were examined using multiple linear...
Histopathological study of prostatic lesions on needle biopsies with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
March 2014
Prostate develops from a series of endodermal buds from the lining of primitive urethra and the adjacent portion of urogenital sinus during the first 3 months of intra-uterine life. A prostate needle biopsy is a surgical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the prostate gland and examined under the microscope by a pathologist. In all investigated individuals, the level of prostate-specific antigen...
Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption: A rare cause of chronic diarrhea
February 2014
Diarrhea present initially at early neonatal period is rare and is generally caused by congenital malabsorptive disorders. Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder present as a protracted diarrhea in early neonatal life. A 3 month-old female infant present with chronic diarrhea, severe failure to thrive, hypernatraemic dehydration and nephrocalcinosis was studied. Early...
Biochemical, haematological and histological effects following Escravos crude oil ingestion by Chinchilla rabbits
February 2014
The negative consequences of crude oil exploration and exploitation on the health status of exposed individuals cannot be over emphasized, regardless of its financial benefits. Besides, consumption of this crude oil by the rural populace living in oil rich regions as traditional medicine for illnesses have raised local and international questions as to its safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the...
Evaluation of antibacterial profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from hospitals in Imo state, Nigeria
February 2014
Awareness of the threat of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is growing. Oxacillin and methicillin are penicillinase-stable penicillins, and strains that are oxacillin and methicillinn resistant are historically termed MRSA. To determine the existence of MRSA strains patients attending treatments in hospitals in Imo state, 200 clinical specimens were examined using conventional method such as culture...
An assesment of the spatial pattern of malaria infection in Nigeria
February 2014
Malaria transmitted by female anopheles mosquitoes is a major cause of death in many developing countries of the world. In Nigeria, malaria prevalence is as high as 80 to 85% and is the most common cause of outpatient visits to health facilities. The malaria situation in Nigeria is very burdensome and it impedes human development. The degree of malaria infestation varies from region to region in Nigeria. This spatial...
In vitro discovery of highly chelatable root extract of thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
February 2014
This study investigated the in vitro chelating ability, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 70% ethanolic extract of thorn apple (Datura stramonium). The ethanolic root extract of the plant displayed potent chelating ability (70%) at the lowest concentration (2%) investigated. The chelating ability of the extract showed concentration dependency. There were significant decreases in vitro...
Indigenous knowledge of communities around Lake Victoria Basin regarding treatment and management of tuberculosis using medicinal plants
January 2014
This survey was aimed to determine the indigenous knowledge of communities around Lake Victoria Region regarding the treatment and management of Tuberculosis. Opinion leaders suggested the names and locations of known Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMPs) in the study locale. A sample of 102 TMPS from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania residing around Lake Victoria Basis in East Africa participated in the study. Snow ball...
Interest of spiramycin in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in Dakar
January 2014
Toxoplasmosis is an anthropozoonosis of medical and veterinary importance, due to the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Oocysts shed by felids play a key role in parasite transmission as they contaminate meat-producing animals, vegetables and water consumed later by humans. This study tried to study the effectiveness of spiramycin in the treatment of...
The “ENT – TENâ€: Ten rules of thumb in otorhinolaryngology that every doctor must know – A review
January 2014
This review, titled ‘THE ENT TEN’, is a review of ten important rules of thumb in otorhinolaryngology that every doctor must know. It is a collection of vital tips and pearls that that if every doctor, especially family physicians, knew, would significantly increase the rate of early diagnosis of potentially life-threatening conditions and improve the quality of life of patients with several non...
A study on resistance loss of multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains after treatment with dilutions of acridine orange
January 2014
This study investigated the loss of resistance of multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains after exposure to dilutions of acridine orange. Five pure axenic strains of P. aeruginosa coded PA1 to PA5 obtained from five infected human sources which included middle ear, urethra, trachea, wound and urine were obtained from the Medical Microbiology Department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital,...
An insight review on immunopathogenesis of bovine and human mycobacteria infections
January 2014
Mycobacterium is one of the first infectious agents to spring to mind in connection with chronic or persistent infections. The causative organism of bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), M. bovis, Mycobacterium africanum (M. africanum), Mycobacterium microti (M. microti), Mycobacterium...
Cardiac tumors in children- A review
January 2014
Primary cardiac tumors despite the potential for more frequent recognition with the advent of echocardiography are rare. The incidence of cardiac tumors ranges from 0.0017% to 0.28% in the general population. Primary cardiac tumors are much less common than metastatic tumors of the heart; and of the primary cardiac tumors, over 75% are benign, 3 of which are made up of myxomas, rhabdomyomas and fibromas. The most common...
Risk factors for common cancers in Nigeria: Knowledge, attitudes and practice among secondary school students in Kaduna, Nigeria
January 2014
Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is increasingly becoming a major public health issue in developing countries including Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of cancer risk factors among secondary school students with the aim of promoting healthy lifestyles. A structured self questionnaire was administered to 405 senior secondary...
Giant benign non-traumatic splenic pseudo cyst: An atypical cause of left upper quadrant abdominal pain
December 2013
Splenic cysts remain an unusual pathology in surgical practice. Traditionally, splenic cysts are classified into two main categories. (1) True cysts which are also referred to as primary cysts, these contains epithelial lining and (2) pseudo cysts which are basically devoid of the epithelial lining and mostly are of post-traumatic origin. Majority of splenic cysts are asymptomatic, often they are inadvertently revealed...
Evaluation of pain perception latencies following metabolic alteration of plasma pH
December 2013
Pain has been a subject of intense and continuous research over the years. Several approaches have been employed in understanding and management of pain ranging from peripheral to central modulation as well as systemic to molecular mechanism of integration. This study is therefore aimed at investigating the role of altered plasma pH in the perception of experimental pain in both chronic and acute model. The results...
Experiences of 20 cases treatment of aortic stent for De Bakey III aortic dissection
December 2013
The objective was to observe and analyze clinical feasibility and clinical efficacy of aortic stent for De Bakey III aortic dissection. Clinical data of 20 patients with De Bakey III aortic dissection was reviewed after aortic stent, focusing on analyzing surgical methods, surgical outcomes, complications and postoperative follow-ups etc. All operations were successful. The average stent diameter was 34 ± 6 mm....
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