Effect of acid hydrolysis in the microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Geranium sibiricum Linne with the guidance of antibacterial activity
April 2013
The feasibility and the effect of acid or alkali hydrolysis in microwave-assisted extraction as well as the antibacterial activity of the resulting extracts were studied to select appropriate phenols extraction method. The results demonstrated that acid hydrolysis was suitable for the extraction of phenols from Geranium sibiricum and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis do not only performed the...
Ameliorative effects of Embilica officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
April 2013
The study was designed to assess the antioxidative potential of three dietary antioxidants, vitamin C, Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaf extract (10% carnosic acid) and Amla (Embilica officinalis) fruit extract (aqueous) on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and the related histopathology of the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Cadmium was administered as cadmium chloride (15 mg/kg body weight/day) for...
Ethno-medicinal and culinary uses of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Nigeria
April 2013
Moringa oleifera is a highly valued ethno-medicinal plant in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It is a multipurpose plant grown and used in many countries including Nigeria. This study was an attempt to assess knowledge-base of the usefulness and document current utilization of M. oleifera in Nigeria. Data were collected between August and November, 2011 from 280 respondents across...
A preliminary study of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican medicinal plant knowledge in the Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge
April 2013
The tropical wet lowland forests of the newly established Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge (MNWLR) in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica provide habitat to numerous medicinal plants, yet few have been documented in the region. By virtue of its proximity to the border, this biologically diverse area has a blend of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican cultures. The objectives of this research were: (1) to document the commonly...
Chemical constituents of the essential oil from leaves of Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum
April 2013
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of dried leaves of Psidium cattleianum var.cattleianum was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of seventy six compounds, representing 97.5% of the oil were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (29.56%), alloaromadendrene oxide-(1) (6.82%),...
Inhibition of planktonic and biofilm growth of Candida albicans reveals novel antifungal activity of caffeine
April 2013
Infections associated with drug resistant strains and biofilms of Candida albicans have necessitated search for novel molecules with antifungal properties. Caffeine, a major component of the most widely consumed beverages, coffee and tea, is known to possess various biological properties. To evaluate antifungal potential, its effect on growth and virulence attributes of C. albicans was studied using...
Solanum jabrense Agra & M. Nee (Solanaceae) exhibits spasmolytic activity on guinea‑pig ileum
April 2013
Some Solanum species are commonly known as “jurubeba” and have a variety of biological activities such as hypotensive, antidiarrheal, and spasmolytic actions. Solanum jabrense is a perennial shrub or tree from Solanaceae family. The hexane extract from aerial parts of S. jabrense (SJ-Hex) was assayed for possible spasmolytic effect in guinea-pig ileum. SJ-Hex inhibited the...
The effect of concentration on the antioxidant activity of selected culinary herbs
April 2013
Antioxidant activity of selected widely used culinary herbs (oregano, Greek oregano, marjoram, summer savory, rosemary and two varieties of leafy parsley) was monitored to see the effect of increasing herb content on the inhibition of pork lard oxidation. The activity of tested dry herbs was significant (protection factors were from 1.7 to 11.4) and linearly increased at all range of concentrations from 10 to 100 g/kg....
Chemical constituents of Mikania glomerata Spreng and Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker
April 2013
The species Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata, which are commonly known as guaco, are medicinal plant species widely employed for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In traditional medicine, both species have a long history of use. Currently, the medical use of these plants is widespread because pre-clinical studies have demonstrated their hypo-allergenic, antiasthmatic and antiulcerogenic...
Screening of antibacterial potential of root extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl
April 2013
Ten pathogenic bacteria were tested against the crude organic extracts (ethanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) of roots of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl =Solanum surattense Burm. F. Extracts were active against Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative bacteria Erwinia chrysanthemi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella...
Morphological, phytochemical, and anti-bacterial properties of wild and indigenous plant (Amorphophallus commutatus)
April 2013
Morinda lucida was found common in recipes given by Traditional Medical Practitioners in South Western Nigeria either as memory enhancer or anti-ageing. The oven dried leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and screened for both acetyl (AChE) and buteryl (BuChE) cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Fractionation of the crude extracts, followed by ethyl acetate bulk extraction, precipitation studies, phytochemical...
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of high altitude essential oils from Nepalese Himalaya
April 2013
Essential oils of Rhododendron anthopogon, Artemisia vulgaris, Zanthoxylum armatum,Acrous calamus, Cinnamomum glaucescens, Nardostachys grandiflora and Abies spectabilis are studied for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, and are evaluated with standard antibiotics for the synergistic potentiality against human pathogenic bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and...
Thunbergia laurifolia, a new choice of natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress-related pathology: A review
March 2013
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the rate of production and clearance of oxidant, which ultimately causes the various pathologies. Antioxidants are any substances, including endogenous and exogenous antioxidant which can inhibit the oxidation reaction. Currently, antioxidant supplementation derived from natural source, especially medicinal plants is more interested. Thunbergia laurifolia, a Thai traditional...
Chemical and structural characterization of Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc.)
March 2013
This work describes the chemical and micro-structural characterization of candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc) plant which produces a natural edible wax. Chemical composition analysis included total fat, protein, crude fiber, dry material, moisture, ashes, total of reducing sugars, hydrolysable and condensed polyphenols contents. Micro-structural characterization was made using Environmental scanning...
Antioxidant potential and secondary metabolites in Ocimum sanctum L. at various habitats
March 2013
In this study, the secondary metabolites and antioxidant property of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) Plant at various habitats was compared with those of respective callus cultures induced from each explants in in-vitro. The callus cultures were successfully initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (1 mg/L) combined with different concentrations...
Orthogonal test design for optimization of the ultrasonic extraction of naringin from Citrus grandis tomentosa
March 2013
Citrus grandis tomentosa is a premature or maturescent dried pericarp of C. grandistomentosa or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck, and it is one of the most important crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In this article, C. grandis tomentosa rich in naringin was used as an experimental material. This research, study the effects of ultrasonic extraction temperature, ratio of solvent...
Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of Rhododendron schlippenbachii maxim. bark and its various fractions
March 2013
In this research, we evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of 80% aqueous methanolic extract of the bark of Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. along with its various fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl ethanoate, n-butyl alcohol and distilled water). The antihyperglycemic activity of all the fractions was investigated in vitro by α-glucosidase inhibition...
Evaluation of antifungal effect of organic extracts of Algerian Citrullus colocynthis seeds against four strains of Aspergillus isolate from wheat stored
March 2013
Anti-mycotic activity of the methanolic and aqueous extracts from Algerian Colocynth(Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad) seed parts were screened in vitro against four important plant pathogenic fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger, using micro-dilution technique in the broth medium after their phytochemical analysis. The...
Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Morinda lucida
March 2013
Morinda lucida was found common in recipes given by Traditional Medical Practitioners in South Western Nigeria either as memory enhancer or anti-ageing. The oven dried leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and screened for both acetyl (AChE) and buteryl (BuChE) cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Fractionation of the crude extracts, followed by ethyl acetate bulk extraction, precipitation studies, phytochemical...
Hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Lentinus lepideus, Calvatia cyathiformis and Ganoderma applanatum, from Northeastern Mexico, in Wistar rats
March 2013
The hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activity of three fungi basidiomycetes from Northeastern Mexico were investigated in this study. Aqueous and methanolic extracts fromLentinus lepideus, Calvatia cyathiformis and Ganoderma applanatum were orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose and cholesterol was determined using an Accutrend Glucometer (Roche, Germany) at 0, 3 and...
Thymus vulgaris supplementation attenuates blood pressure and aorta damage in hypertensive rats
March 2013
In the present study, we investigated the possible antihypertensive effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) and its possible protective role against hypertension-induced aorta damage in hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by ligation of left renal artery, andT. vulgaris aqueous extract was administered (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 8 consecutive weeks. Systolic blood pressure, body weight, and...
Cytotoxic activities of Ferulago angulata extract on human leukemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis
March 2013
Ferulago angulata (FA), also known as Chovir, is one of the indigenous plants used in Persian medicinal herbs. Although, recent studies have demonstrated anti-tumor activities on cancer cells in vitro, but the exact mechanism is not completely clarified. Furthermore, the objective of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract...
Variability in essential oil composition of sage (Salvia officinalis l.) grown under North Western Himalayan Region of India
March 2013
Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.; Lamiaceae) is one of the most important herb known for its essential oil richness and extensive use in folk medicine. The essential oil from aerial parts of S. officinalis L. collections grown under temperate climate of Uttarakhand, India, was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The essential oil content of S....
Composition and biological activity of Rhaponticum carthamoides extracts obtained from plants collected in Poland and Russia
March 2013
Rhaponticum carthamoides is a medicinal plant indigenous to Siberia. Although its root tissue is a well-known source of biologically active compounds, recent studies have focused on the above-ground part of the plant due to its easier accessibility. An R. carthamoides plantation was recently established in Northern Poland. Composition and antioxidant activity were compared for R....
Some effects of the administration of the combination of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Citrus aurantifolia (acid lime) on blood pressure in normotensive cats
March 2013
Allium sativum (garlic) and Citrus aurantifolia (acid lime) have been in use in the traditional management of hypertension without a scientific evidence of the benefit of their combination. Much of the control of blood pressure is dependent on the cardiac muscle developed force and the total peripheral resistance, an activity of the vascular smooth muscle. This study is undertaken to investigate the...
Phytochemical and in-vitro antibacterial evaluation of the extracts, portions and sub-portions of the ripe and unripe fruits of Nauclea latifolia
March 2013
The petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the ripe and unripe fruits, the partitioned-soluble portions of the ripe fruits and the water-insoluble sub-portions of both the ripe and unripe fruits of Nauclea latifolia revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroidal nucleus, saponins, coumarins and tannins. Antibacterial activity of the extracts (100 mg/ml), portions (50 mg/ml) and sub-portions (50...
Pharmacognostic standardization of the stem of Aerva persica (Burm.f) Merrill (Amaranthaceae)
March 2013
Aerva persica (Amaranthaceae) is hoary-tomentose herb that possesses several biological activities like antiulcer, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, diuretic and demulcent. Important details like macroscopic and microscopic examination, physico-chemical parameters and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile of various extracts are presented in this paper. This study revealed that values for total...
Betacyanins are the most relevant antioxidant molecules of Amaranthus spinosus and Boerhavia erecta
March 2013
Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the redder Amaranthus spinosus (A. spinosus) and Boerhavia erecta (B. erecta) specimens are, the more they are used for traditional medicinal purposes. This work aimed to elucidate the role of the betalain pigments in the bioactivity of the Caryophyllales species. Histochemical and biochemical studies on the two species (A. spinosus L. and B....
Repellence effectiveness of essential oils from some Tanzanian Ocimum and Hyptis plant species against afro-tropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis
March 2013
Essential oils from three plant species growing in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Ocimum gratissimum (OG), Ocimum tenuiflorum (OT) and Hyptis suaveolens (HS) all from family Labiateae, were extracted by hydrodistillation and evaluated for laboratory and field based repellency against afro-tropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. All oils were found to exhibit high mosquito...
Biological effects, antioxidant and anticancer activities of marigold and basil essential oils
March 2013
The essential oils isolated from Tagetes minuta L. flowers and Ocimum basilicum L. herb were analyzed by GC/MS and assessed for antioxidant and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. Also biological effects of these essential oils on normal mice were studied. The major components of marigold essential oil were cis-β-ocimene (54.82%), cis-tagetone (11.50%) and...
Protective effect of extracts of calyx from Diospyros kaki on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
March 2013
Oxidative stress is considered a major cause of cellular injuries, including various clinical abnormalities. Here, the neuroprotective effect of extracts from the calyx of Diospyros kaki(DCE), peel of D. kaki (DPE), and flesh of D. kaki (DFE) of Diospyros kaki on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was investigated by an 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl...
Modeling of convective drying of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilinum)
March 2013
The drying kinetics of Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilinum) in terms of moisture content, moisture ratio, drying time and drying rate was investigated. A laboratory model dehumidified air dryer and a hot air dryer (Tray dryer) were employed to study the drying behavior at 30, 35, 40 and 45°C. Safed musli drying primarily occurred in falling rate period. The drying data were fitted to seven thin layer drying models...
Medicinal plants used in the treatment of livestock diseases in Vhembe region, Limpopo province, South Africa
March 2013
Traditional medicine (TM) is very important among Venda speaking people but the available literature does not cover the ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) uses. Open ended questions and group focus discussion were used to investigate the knowledge of EVM in the region. Thirty-seven (37) individuals with an average age of 48.2 years were interviewed of which 24 were males and 13 females. EVM practices involved the use of...
Potential allelopathic effects of Xanthium italicum Moretti on wheat
March 2013
The allelopathic potential of invasive Xanthium italicum Moretti on seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn) was investigated. Aqueous (0.05 g/ml) and ethanol (1 mg/ml) extracts reduced root elongation of wheat seedlings by 71 and 87%, respectively; chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract exhibited the strongest phytotoxic effect as compared to other fractions, inhibiting root growth of wheat...
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. leaves
March 2013
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and to carryout phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Momordica charantia L. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. However, the antimicrobial activity was investigated by agar-well diffusion method...
Screening of the antioxidant potential of the leaves and flowers from Rosa horrida Fischer
March 2013
Rosa species are widely distributed in Turkey. Ethanolic extracts from flowers and leaves of R. horrida, one of the 25 species of Rosa used as a traditional Turkish medicine as tonic, diuretic, expectorant, stomachic and for the treatment of dyspepsia, diarrhea and nephritis were tested in vitro for their ability to scavenge DPPH·, ABTS·+ and superoxide radicals,...
In vitro preliminary study of antiprotozoal effect of four medicinal plants from Benin
March 2013
A total of fourteen extracts with different polarity obtained from four species Crataeva religiosa, Baillonella toxisperma, Boswellia dalzielii and Khaya senegalensis, traditionally used in Benin to treat malaria were tested for their in vitro antiprotozoal activity towardsPlasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani. Selected plants...
Phytopharmacological review of Eurycorymbus cavaleriei: A rare plant endemic to China that contains effective chemopreventive agents
March 2013
Eurycorymbus cavaleriei is a tall deciduous, broad-leaved dioecious tree endemic to China and widely scattered in its subtropical mountains, among evergreen and other deciduous broad-leaved trees in the forests. The plant is reported to contain coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids, benzeneacetic acid derivatives, lignans, phenolics and fatty alcohol compounds. These compounds have been reported to have antioxidant and...
Antimicrobial activities of a novel biflavonoid and other constituents from Rhus natalensis
March 2013
Phytochemical studies on Rhus natalensis root bark collected from Kenya led to the isolation and identification of a new biflavonoid (3-(1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromone-4-one (1), named rhuschromone, in addition to two other known compounds;...
Antimicrobial activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of Punica granatum Linn. (PERICARP)
March 2013
Pomegranate, Punica granatum L. is frequently used for the treatment of gastero-intestinal resistant organisms, oral bacteria, highly pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant organisms (Salmonellae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a few skin infecting pathogens, including fungus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, an in vitroantimicrobial activity and...
A randomized survey of medicinal plants used as natural remedies by the local people of Manikganj district of Bangladesh to treat intestinal worms
March 2013
Soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) affect nearly two billion people worldwide. The infections STHs cause are categorized as Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), diseases that persist under poverty and almost exclusively in the developing world. Efforts to control the spread of these parasites include educational campaigns and school-based anthelminthic programs. With no vaccines to protect against these diseases,...
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Cotyledon orbiculata, Hermannia depressa and Nicotiana glauca extracts against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock
March 2013
The anthelmintic activity of acetone and water extracts from the shoots of Cotyledon orbiculata, Hermannia depressa and Nicotiana glauca were investigated using the egg hatch, larval development and larval mortality assays. In all extracts tested, C. orbiculatawater extracts at 7.5 mg/ml prevented nematode eggs from hatching with 82.63% success. Other extracts exhibited egg hatch inhibition in a...
Assessment of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plant practice and mode of service delivery in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia
March 2013
An assessment of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plant was carried out to collect and document information on the use of traditional medicinal plants of local people of Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia. Group discussion, semi-structured interviews, field observations or guided field walks with informants to obtain indigenous knowledge of the local community on health, vegetation of the locality, use, conservation and...
Survey of ethnoveterinary medicine amongst ethnopractitioners of western Uttar-Pradesh province of India
March 2013
Comparative ethnobotanical survey was carried out in 10 local communities distributed in nine districts of western Uttar-Pradesh province of India. Interviews conducted during winter and summer of 2009-10 proved to be helpful in recording the indigenous knowledge of the study area. A total of 28 edible plant species collected were mostly consumed in this area. The low cost and almost no side effects of the...
Intraspecific variation and cytotoxic evaluation of the essential oils from Oxandra sessiliflora R. E. Fries
March 2013
For the first time, the chemical composition and cytotoxic evaluation of essential oils from leaves of Oxandra sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) has been reported. Leaves of O. sessiflora were collected in four different periods during the years 2010 (September and December) and 2011 (March and June). The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation procedures, were analyzed by Gas...
Effect of intracanal administration of association between calcium hydroxide paste and capsaicin in the periapical region of dog’s teeth
March 2013
The aim of this study was to histologically examine the periapical region of dog teeth with regard to the inflammatory and resorptive effects of 0.025 and 0.05% capsaicin whenintroduced into the root canal. Fifty-four root canals were prepared and filled with the following: Group I (calcium hydroxide paste; control...
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review
March 2013
The leaves of Morus alba Linn. (Family: Moraceae) commonly known as mulberry, are mainly used as food for the silkworms and they are sometimes eaten as vegetable or used as cattle fodder in different parts of the world. M. alba Linn. has potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants. Many research works have been done on plants, which provide humans with extensive and fundamental uses. The...
Chemical composition of essential oils from Mentha aquatica L. at different moments of the ontogenetic cycle
March 2013
This study investigates the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Mentha aquatica plants. Aerial organs from M. aquatica were collected in three different stages:vegetative, flowering and senescence stage. The essential oil was extracted using thehydrodistillation method, with a Neo-Clevenger device. Essential...
Essential oil content and composition of three sage varieties grown in Central Italy
March 2013
The present study was carried out in order to investigate the differences of three sage varieties: Extrakta (EXT), Regula (REG), and Syn 1 (SYN). The essential oil yields, expressed in ml/kg dry weight varied from one accession to another and in different seasonal collection ranging from 0.22 to 1.6%. The lowest values were observed in EXT variety, at fall collection, while the highest result was observed in REG, at...
Comparative studies of anti-ulcerogenic activities of three Nigerian medicinal plants: A preliminary evaluation
March 2013
The root of Ziziphus abyssinica, stem barks of Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia niloticahave been used singly and in combination as a folk medicine in Northwest Nigeria for the treatment of ulcer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antiulcer activities of each herb when used singly and in combination. Aqueous extracts of the three plants were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The...
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