A review of modeling errors and control for time-delay systems utilizing the LDI criterion
January 2012
Nonlinear systems sometimes suffer from modeling errors which could potentially result in instability and reduce the control performance of the actual systems. This paper reviews some previous research studies examining the sources of these errors and how to deal with them. In this work, a fuzzy Lyapunov function is defined through fuzzy blending quadratic Lyapunov functions to avoid conservatism in the stability...
Demulsification of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion via microwave irradiation: An optimization
January 2012
The formation of water-in-crude oil emulsion creates many problems in petroleum industry such as decreasing the oil recovery efficiency, high pumping cost, and piping corrosion, which needs to be treated before processing. Microwave irradiation was employed to demulsify the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, which encountered in refinery industries. Three types of crude oils consisted of heavy and light crude oil used in this...
Design of an almost continuously controlled three-phase static VAR compensator for power factor correction purposes
January 2012
In this paper, a three-phase four-wire automatic power factor correction system is designed and tested. This system employs three-phase Wye-connected thyristor switched-capacitor banks to generate a controllable static VAR. Each capacitor bank is constructed of five binary weighted thyristor switched-capacitors. This arrangement leads to a capacitor bank capable of generating stepping reactive power having thirty one...
Interface design and netizen behavior of immediate communication software
January 2012
As Taiwan is becoming more networked coupled with the use of Instant Messaging (IM) which is becoming increasingly popular, instant messaging has become the most popular online activity. The emergence of instant messaging software is used for connecting the relationship between people. However, a combination of interface design with the changing times and the function of instant messaging software and development are...
GIS analysis of the accuracy of Tomas Lopez´s historical cartography in the Canary Islands (1742 - 1746)
January 2012
The accuracy of Tomás López´s historical cartography of the Canary Islands included in the “Atlas Particular” of the Kingdoms of Spain, Portugal and Adjacent Islands” is analyzed. For this purpose, we propose a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a comparison of digitized historical cartography population centres with current ones. This study shows that the...
A systematic procedure for analysis of third-order charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL)
January 2012
This paper represents a simple and easy to learn method for analysis and design of third-order charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL) and provides analytical equations for calculating the desired specifications such as phase margin (PM), damping ratio and small signal settling time. The proposed method is based on dominant pole approximation. In other words, this method is based on the approximation of the transfer...
An efficient quantum-dot cellular automata full-adder
January 2012
The most important mathematical operation is addition. Other operations such as subtraction, multiplication and division are usually implemented by adders. An efficient adder can be of great assistance in designing arithmetic circuits. QCA is a promising technology which seems to be a good candidate for the next generation of digital systems. So, an efficient QCA full-adder will facilitate creating QCA computational and...
1Emergency Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. 2Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China. 3Clinical Laboratory of Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. 4Central Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
January 2012
Recently, faster and energy saving propeller have become the focus of attention in the marine industry. Furthermore, changeability of the blade is also taken into account for faster replacement and repair works. The objective of the paper is to present the error assessment of the designed Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV) propeller blade. The paper briefly discusses the design steps involved including optimization...
The alterations of tyrosine and tryptophane residues along with the evolution of tumor: Determination by synchronous fluorescence spectra
January 2012
Synchronous fluorescence spectra were applied to assess tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophane (Trp) residues in the plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor-bearing mice and in cultured cells (HepG2 and L-02). The results showed for the first time that the fluorescent intensities of Tyr and Trp residues increased significantly in the plasma proteins of patients suffering hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a...
Virtual reality adoption capability in Malaysian automotive manufacturing industry
January 2012
Virtual reality and three-dimensional modelling technologies are mainly used in industry in many aspects. The automotive industry is considered as the initial group that uses virtual reality technologies. However, without adopting advanced technology, the automotive industry cannot compete with its global competition. In this study, six automotive companies in Malaysia were selected as case study to verify the virtual...
Exact complexiton soliton solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics
January 2012
In this article, the extended multiple Riccati equations expansion method has been used to construct a series of double soliton- like solutions, double triangular function solutions and complexiton soliton solutions for some nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics via the (2+1) dimensional breaking soliton equations, (2+1) dimensional painleve integrable Burger's equations and (2+1)...
Investigation of water absorbency and color fastness of modal woven towels
January 2012
Water absorbency and color fastness to perspiration, seawater and washing of modal terry woven fabrics were studied in this research. Weft and warp yarns were produced from 100% cotton and pile yarns were produced from 50/0% modal/cotton blended yarn. Terry woven fabrics were produced in five different pile heights. Water absorbency and color fastness tests were carried out on fabrics. It was determined that sinking...
Fifth order two-stage explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström method for the direct integration of second order ordinary differential equations
January 2012
In this paper a direct integration of second-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) of the form , , , using the Explicit Runge-Kutta-Nyström method with higher derivatives is presented. Various numerical schemes are derived and tested on standard problems. The higher-order explicit Runge-Kutta-Nyström (HERKN) method given in this paper is compared with the conventional Explicit Runge...
A different approach to the set of fuzzy numbers
January 2012
In this paper, we showed that every element of the set F of all fuzzy numbers can be abstractly considered as an element of the nonseparable and nonreflexive Banach algebra . Banach lattice structure of is also investigated according to a partial order we defined. Key words: Fuzzy numbers, Banach space.
Fuzzy controlled multi-hop adaptive clustering (FMAC) for mobile ad hoc networks
January 2012
To mimic the operations in fixed infrastructures and to solve the routing scalability problem in large ‘mobile ad hoc networks’, forming clusters of nodes has been proven to be a promising approach. However, when existing weighted clustering algorithms calculate each node’s weight, they either consider only one metric or rely on some metrics collected from extra devices. This often leads to a higher...
Inter-generic grafting in watermelon for managing Meloidogyne species: A review
January 2012
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars suffer considerable yield losses from infection by the root-knot nematodes due to the unavailability of nematode-resistant genotypes. Screening for nematode resistance within the family Cucurbitaceae demonstrated that wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (C. myriocarpus) were highly resistant to Meloidogyne incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica,...
Potential utilization of cassava pulp for ethanol production in Indonesia
January 2012
Cassava is one of the major crops produced in Indonesia. Cassava grows in all provinces in Indonesia. In the last decade, even though cassava plantation area is decreased, cassava production and its productivity in Indonesia have been on the increase steadily. The tendency of using cassava for ethanol production would affect supply of cassava for food. Cassava pulp, a by- product of tapioca industry is one of the...
A review of risk factors, incidence and solutions for hepatocellular carcinoma
January 2012
Liver cancer is one of the cancers that associated with high mortality rate. Incident of liver cancer always correlate with unhealthy life style, food contaminant (such as aflatoxin) and most importantly hepatitis virus infection. High mortality rate of liver cancer can be contributed by late detection of the disease, resistant of the liver cancer cell toward chemotherapy and inhibition of body immune system. The...
Potential bioactive property of Polygonum minus Huds (kesum) review
January 2012
In recent years, the bioactive properties of medicinal plants have been attracting the attention of scientists. Polygonum minus Huds is a traditional Malaysian plant that has been used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Several researchers have reported that P. minus Huds contains a high level of antioxidants, flavonoid and phenolic compounds which contain several bioactive properties. To...
Response of weed flora to different herbicides in aerobic rice system
January 2012
Weed is the major limitation to the adoption of aerobic rice system, the most potential water saving rice production technology. Herbicide is the appropriate tool to address this problem but suitable herbicide or their combination in controlling the predominant weed flora in this system is not established. The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of weed flora in the aerobic rice field to the sequential...
Efficiency and resolution of HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors using gamma-ray spectroscopy
January 2012
The energy dependence of efficiency and resolution of HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors using gamma-ray spectroscopy were investigated in this paper. It was found that the resolution of the detector was directly proportional to the energy of gamma-ray and its efficiency was exponentially proportional to the gamma-ray energy. The resolution of HPGe detector (GC2018, diameter 60.5 mm and length 31.5 mm) is better than NaI(Tl)...
Optimization of seed flow evenness of fluted rolls used in seed drills by Taguchi method
January 2012
The purpose of this study is to optimize the seed flow evenness in seed drills of the fluted feed rolls; wheat was used in the experiments. Experiments were conducted according to Taguchi optimization method and L9 orthogonal array is selected. Flute shape (asymmetric, trapezoid and semicircular), flute lengths (5, 10 and 15 mm), and axis rotational speed (25, 30, and 35 min-1), and coefficient of variation used to...
Biodegradation of pyrene by a newly isolated Proteus vulgaris
January 2012
This work was aimed at identifying a new strain which can degrade pyrene effectively and quickly. Strain 4Bi was identified as Proteus vulgaris based on several morphological, biochemical characters and 16S rRNA phylogeny by using conventional methods, API and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium has been deposited in GenBank database under the accession number FJ799903....
Expressing of rice ribosome inactivating protein as tool for treatment of cancer cells
January 2012
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic proteins synthesized by many plants and some bacteria, that specifically depurinate the 28S RNA and thus interrupt protein translation. RIPs hold broad interest because of their potential use as plant defense factors against pathogens and cancer cells. The most promising way to exploit plant RIPs as weapons against cancer cells is either by designing molecules in which the...
Control of the seed beetle Callosobruchus muculatus reared on chickpeas by different applicable conditions of the insect growth regulator, Cyromazine
January 2012
Efficiency of most pesticides is monitored by many factors such as the method of application, the concentrations and the temperature. The study was aimed to investigate the optimal conditions for using Insect Growth Regulator (IGR), cyromazine to control the Southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus muculatus Fab. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). Interactions of the method of application and concentrations of cyromazine...
Maternal risk factors associated with preterm delivery in Qom province of Iran in 2008
January 2012
Immaturity is the most important factor of infant mortality. Knowing what group of pregnant women are more at risk of preterm delivery provides opportunities for more accurate care during pregnancy and rapid diagnosis of complications with trying tofix and make them to prevent preterm delivery. The objective of this study is to compare the maternal risk factors in...
Methodology for establishing the routes for transportation of dangerous goods on the basis of the risk level - Case study: City of Belgrade
January 2012
This paper contains presentation of methodology, that is, the steps which have to be taken in order to establish the routes for transportation of dangerous goods. The methodology is developed by the authors of the paper, while the selection of routes for transportation of dangerous goods is based on determination of the extent of risk. The model used for determining the risk level for the selection of routes is the work...
Modification of the dynamic scale of marks in analytic hierarchy process (ahp) and analytic network approach (anp) through application of fuzzy approach
January 2012
There are two mainstreams in the use of the analytic network process (ANP) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). One is the standard applications of crisp distributive and ideal mode versions. The other is characterised by fuzzification of the AHP/ANP methodology and by attempts to tackle better inherently uncertain and imprecise decision processes with quantitative and qualitative data. This paper presents...
The clinical characteristics of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo associated with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
January 2012
To explore the clinical characteristics of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) associated with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) (throughretrospective analysis of 19 cases from June 2008 to June 2010) and improve the diagnosis and treatment. Nineteen cases (7 male and 12 female, aged 46 to 68 years old) of BPPV associated with SSHL from June 2008 to June 2010 were retrospectively...
The effect of sex, age and weight on blood lipids in a Chinese population over 45 years old and related factors
January 2012
Blood lipids are a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), and they change distinctly after the fourth decade in humans. In order to understand the relationships between blood lipids and sex, age, and weight in individuals over 45 years old, we recruited 362 healthy males aged 45-87 years (mean ± SD, 62.9 ± 11.3) and 297 healthy females aged 45-107 years (mean ± SD, 61.0...
Comparison of the supercritical fluid extraction with conventional extraction methods to determine the fatty acid composition of black cumin seeds
December 2011
The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of extraction to determine the fatty acid composition of black cumin seeds. 100 g of the powdered sample either was subjected into SFE equipment using standard procedures or extracted using conventional techniques (methanol or hexane solvents). Identification of fatty acid composition of extracted Nigella sativa oil was performed by...
Vibrations of elastically restrained rectangular plates
December 2011
In this study, an approximation method based on Fourier sine series were investigated for the vibration analysis of rectangular plates elastically restrained along all the edges. The transverse displacement of the elastic supported plate consisted of linear combination of Fourier sine series and an auxiliary polynomial function. In order to eliminate possible discontinuities; an auxiliary polynomial was used in Fourier...
Intrusion detection using feature subset selection based on MLP
December 2011
Intrusions are serious questions in network systems. Numerous intrusion detection techniques are present to tackle these problems but the dilemma is performance. To raise performance, it is momentous to raise the detection rates and decrease false alarm rates. The contemporary methods use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to project features space to principal feature space and choose features corresponding to the...
Coefficient of variation and its application to strength prediction of self-piercing riveted joints
December 2011
This study deals with an application of the method of the coefficient of variation in strength prediction of the self-piercing riveted joints. Defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, the coefficient of variation may be used in both the reliability-based design of self-piercing riveted joints and in the evaluation of existing products. In this study, the concept and definition of the coefficient of...
Determination of the best indirect selection criteria for improvement of seed and oil yield in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
December 2011
To evaluate the relationship among seed and oil yield as well as determine the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed and oil yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted using 17 cultivars. Step-wise regression of seed and oil yield revealed that 98.4 and 98.9% of total variation exists in these traits accounted for by the traits seed yield, oil...
The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some essential oils obtained from aromatic plants grown and used in Yemen
December 2011
The antioxidant and skin whitening properties of essential oils as natural products is the cornerstone to replace synthesized preservatives and to obtain safer source with better biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of twenty essential oils obtained from aromatic plants grown and used in Yemen. Essential oils were hydrodistilled using...
Proximate composition of the leaves of Bambusa ventricosa, Oxytenanthera abyssinica and two varieties of Bambusa vulgaris
December 2011
Food selection by herbivores depends on the dietary composition of plant parts. However, the nutritional properties of tropical bamboo leaves, which could be a viable supplement of traditional fodder are hardly examined. Proximate composition of Bambusa ventricosa McClure, Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro and two varieties of Bambusa vulgaris (B. vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C....
In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity of neomycin against plant pathogenic bacteria
December 2011
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of neomycin to suppress the development of economically important plant pathogenic bacteria. The in vitroantibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, Erwinia carotovorasubsp. carotovora, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Ralstonia solanacearum was evaluated. The minimal...
On using tabu search for fuzzy clustering analysis
December 2011
Clustering is an important technique for discovering the inherent structure in a given data set without any ‘priori’ knowledge. Fuzzy clustering analysis is to assign objects to a given number of clusters with respect to some criteria such that each object may belong to more than one cluster with different degrees of membership. In this article, a new fuzzy clustering method based on tabu search called...
Crack damage detection of reinforced concrete beams using local stiffness indicator
December 2011
This paper described the application of the generalized solution for transverse vibration to detect crack damages in reinforced concrete beams. A single crack was induced in a full-scale reinforced concrete beam by application of a point load. The load was increased in stages to obtain different crack heights to represent the extent and severity of the defect. Experimental modal analysis was performed on the beam prior...
An IMM algorithm based on augmented kalman filter for maneuvering target tracking
December 2011
In this paper, in order to increase the accuracy of interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm in presence of low and medium maneuvers, a new IMM algorithm based on Augmented Kalman Filter (AUKF) has been proposed. The accuracy of the IMM algorithm depends upon having a set of filters with motion models which are similar at all times to the real target situations. One way to increase the accuracy of this estimator is to...
Global stability of an HIV/AIDS model with infection age and impulsive persuasion rate
December 2011
In this paper, an impulsive persuasion strategy to eradicate HIV/AIDS is studied. Since infection age is an important factor of HIV progression, we incorporate the infection age into the model. Using integral equation theory and operator semi group theory, we analyze the dynamical behaviors of this model and point out that there exists an infection-free periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable if ....
The continued relevance of home management of malaria strategy in the effective and sustainable control of malaria in endemic areas
December 2011
Malaria remains one of the World’s most devastating diseases, killing millions of people yearly. The disease is naturally transmitted through the bite of an adult female Anopheles mosquito and accompanied by symptoms which include fever, headache, chills and nausea among others. A wide range of childhood illnesses are accompanied by fever, many of which are treated at home prior to presentation in hospital. Home...
Nickel in soils: A review of its distribution and impacts
December 2011
Nickel is generally uniformly distributed in the soil profile and typical soil nickel contents vary widely based on the parent rock, with elevated levels at surface soils been associated with soil- forming processes and anthropogenic contamination principally ascribed to agricultural and industrial activities. Major concern for the impact and distribution of nickel in soils arises apparently from the role of soil as an...
Use of indigenous Cucumis technologies as alternative to synthetic nematicides in management of root-knot nematodes in low-input agricultural farming systems: A review
December 2011
The ”Indigenous Cucumis Technologies” (ICTs) were researched and developed for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne species, in an attempt to alleviate the void created by the withdrawal of synthetic nematicides from the agro-chemical markets and the drawbacks associated with the use of conventional organic matter as a nematode management practice....
Ethical international scientific writing collaboration, co-operation and partnerships: Case studies and testimonials
December 2011
Different types of collaboration, partnership and co-operation (CPC) exist in science and their possible forms can be different depending on the phase of scientific research when it is applied and consequently, on the common goals of participants. Scientific research can be divided into at least three different phases and the success of a scientific research needs the efficient completion of all these...
Overview of the treatment of historical industrial heritage in engineering graphics
December 2011
This article presents a comprehensive review of the stages of research when addressing the issue of historical industrial heritage from the point view of engineering graphics, looking at its influence on all stages of the value chain. It provides a contextual introduction, explaining the research, the aim pursued and the priority objectives of this type of work. It also presents the methodology and the materials used,...
A finite element method based on an assumed curvature distribution for Euler-Bernoulli beams
December 2011
This paper surveys the assumed curvature finite element method for Euler-Bernoulli beams and its applications. Since the curvature of Euler-Bermnoulli beams is proportional to bending stress, this method approximates a curvature distribution as a polynomial. Then, the displacement is obtained by integrating the approximated bending stress. The integration constants are determined by imposing the compatibility...
Recent progression for application of Tadalafil
December 2011
Currently, Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are effective treatment option of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated around the world. However, it has always been a hot issue deserving attention about how to use this drug more reasonably and effectively at home and abroad. In this article, the action mechanism, application methods, adverse reactions, efficacy and...
Mathematical modeling for analysis cable structures
December 2011
The cable structures are long tension structures. The main aim of this paper is to provide a new efficient method in all aspects of analysis of tension structures. Tension structures belong to high- nonlinearity structures. The approach of the proposed method is based on the principle of conservation of energy. In this paper a theory for nonlinear dynamics response analysis of tension structure is based on the...
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