Towards food security and improved nutrition in Nigeria: Taro (Colocacia antiquorum) grit as carbohydrate supplement in energy food drink
October 2013
Nigeria’s population growth rates (3.2% in the late 1980s, 2.83% in the early 1990s and 3% in the mid-2000s) have been high, while subsistence farming, characterised byinadequacies, low productivity and high post-harvest losses, dictates rising food insecurity and dwindling nutrition in the country. Taro (Colocasia antiquorum)- a widely cultivated cocoyam, has little demand as food...
Studies on different drying, canning and value addition techniques for mushrooms (Calocybe Indica)
October 2013
Drying characteristics and the quality of dried mushrooms were analyzed. Calocybe indica slices (5 mm) were dried in cross flow dryer, open sun dryer, solar dryer, through flow dryer, vibro dryer, vacuum dryer in the respective drying chambers at 65, 36, 55, 60, 55 and 45°C. Mushrooms were dried from about 84 to 3% moisture content (w.b) in about 8 h. Solar drier was cost effective and...
Sensory evaluation of wheat-cassava-soybean composite flour (WCS) bread by the mixture experiment design
October 2013
Wheat flour is unique for bread baking, but due to high cost of wheat, its continuous use in a developing economy is no longer encouraged. Cassava is a high carbohydrate bearing crop while soybean has a good history of health-giving nutrients. Both plants are indigenous to the tropics, they are cheap and available, but are grossly underutilized in the bread industry. To study sensory effect of supplementation...
Nutrients content and lipid characterization of seed pastes of four selected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties from Ghana
October 2013
The proximate nutrients, calorific value, mineral nutrients and lipid characteristics of the seed pastes of four (4) peanut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties namely: Sinkarzie, F-mix,JL 24 and Manipintar were investigated. Crude protein values ranged between 23.62% (±0.34) in Sinkarzie to 28.88% (±0.24) in JL 24. Crude fat ranged between 38.11% (±0.47)...
Softening of dried Vangueria infausta (African medlar) using maltodextrin and sucrose
October 2013
Softening of dried Vangueria infausta using maltodextrin and sucrose was investigated experimentally. The pulp of V. infausta was dried in a convective dryer, the influence of drying temperature as well as relationship between water content and water activity were examined. In this study, 48 samples of V. infausta pulp, with and without maltodextrin or sucrose, were dried at air...
Quantification of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in goat milk based yoghurts with added water-soluble soy extract
October 2013
This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the microbiological aspects, during 29 days of storage, through the quantification of viable cells and probiotic bacteria enumeration, of strawberry flavored yoghurts produced with goat milk with water-solublesoy extract and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis probiotic culture during processing. Determination of the viable cell count during...
Evaluating antioxidant property of brown ALGA Colpomenia sinuosa (DERB. ET SOL)
September 2013
The brown alga, Colpomenia sinuosa was subjected to DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), nitric oxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, scavenging of ABTS radical and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) inhibitory assays to assess its antioxidant property. The dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and methanol extracts showed highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (96.56 and 88.57%), nitric oxide radical (81.2 ±...
Characterization of the gelatin of the flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) and its interaction with starch
September 2013
Gelatin extracted from the skin of the flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans L,)was characterised and its interaction with cassava starch mixtures of different ratio concentrations was investigated by rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Protein and moisture were the main proximate composition, whilst glycine was the main amino acid. The gelatin had high bloom (275 g) strength with...
Utilisation of common grain crops in Zimbabwe
September 2013
Grain production in Zimbabwe is very important to food security of the country and therefore should be promoted. Potentially, knowledge on utilisation and value addition of grain crops can be viewed as strong strategies in promoting its production. Value addition results in various products from each grain crop and this may increase utilisation and profitability. In this review paper, an attempt is made to...
Effect of pre-drying treatments on utilizability of sweet potato tubers for production of chips for confectionery flour
September 2013
Yellow variety of sweet potato tubers lots were processed with different pre-drying treatments of peeled washed chips: Unblanched without Sodium Metabisulphite (UB-SMBS), blanched without sodium metabisulphite (B-SMBS), unblanched with sodium metabisulphite (UB+SMBS) and blanched with sodium metabisulphite (B+SMBS) for production of dried chips for confectionery flours. Low moisture contents in the range of...
Extending the use of an underutilised tuber I: Physicochemical and pasting properties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) flour and its suitability for making biscuits
September 2013
Cocoyam is one of the important root food crops especially among the low income earners in Nigeria. However, the utilisation options of cocoyam are mainly limited to direct consumption as whole boiled or pounded tuber only, thus making it an underutilised crop. Physicochemical and pasting properties of cocoyam flour, its suitability and acceptability in biscuit making were determined. Red and white cocoyam varieties...
Development and functional properties of low-cost complementary food
September 2013
Development of complementary food that contains adequate nutrients at affordable costs is quite a challenge for developing countries. The traditional complementary foods are viscous and lack essential nutrients. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physicochemical properties and acceptability of a complementary food. A preliminary study was conducted to select the appropriate...
Influence of gamma irradiation on the nutritional and functional properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour
September 2013
Effects of gamma irradiation on pigeon pea flour at various doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy) on the proximate composition and functional properties were investigated. Gamma irradiation resulted in a slight increase of crude protein at all doses and the crude lipid. Crude fibre and ash showed no apparent effects of irradiation between the non-irradiated sample and the irradiated. A significant increase...
Review of the practices of feeding and food of complement to the young child
September 2013
The objective of this synthetic study of the existing data is to make the current situation of the various practices of feeding to determine their evolution in Niger with the aim of a better improvement of the infant food. It is based on the exploitation of available documents, including reports of nutrition surveys, demographic and health, the annual...
Anti-oxidative biochemical properties of extracts from some Chinese and Thai rice varieties
September 2013
Total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activity of extracts from 8 varieties of Chinese and Thai rice grains were evaluated. Extraction was done using water (at 25°C), hot water (at 50°C) and 70% ethanol. Highest TPC and TFC were seen in all rice varieties after extraction with 70% ethanol. The Heimi variety of Chinese rice showed the highest TPC...
Effect of processing on the lectin and trypsin inhibitor content of Plukenetia conophora seeds as it affects growth performance and nutrients metabolism in rat
September 2013
The study evaluated the effect of processing on lectin and trypsin inhibitor contents ofPlukenetia conophora seeds and assessed such effect on growth and nutrient metabolism in rats. Mature conophora seeds were divided into three groups based on processing. The seeds were sun-dried and pulverized, and portions from each group were subjected to proximate composition analysis and measurement for the...
Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) dunel seeds
September 2013
The antioxidant activity of the flavonoid fraction of the seed extract of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunel was evaluated. The M. myristica seed was extracted with aqueous ethanol (70%) to produce the crude extract. Phytochemical analysis of M. myristica ethanolic extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides...
Dietary effects of two commercial feed additives on growth performance and body composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
September 2013
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two commercial feed additives on growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinusfingerlings. Two commercial feed additives Aqua booster® and Aqua pro® were added to the basal diet at 0.5 g kg−1 feed and fed to the fish for 56 days at 3% body weight. Fish fed on diets with...
Effect of ten amino acids on elimination of acrylamide in a model reaction system
September 2013
Ten (10) amino acids (asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine and lysine) were used to test their effect on elimination of acrylamide, when co-heating of 10 ïmol of acrylamide respectively with 0.1 mmol of amino acids at 160ï‚°C for 15 min, acrylamide was eliminated from 7.4% (asparagine) to 94.4% (cysteine) at natural pH, and 11.4% (glutamic...
Occurrence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria monocytogenes in salad vegetables and vegetable salads sold in Zaria, Nigeria
September 2013
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive facultative anaerobic microorganism that causes listeriosis in both animals and humans. The main route of infection has been identified to be by ingestion of food contaminated with the organism particularly those stored at refrigeration temperatures. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile...
Chemical evaluation of processed maize (Zea mays), indeginous cowpea spp. (Vigna unguiculata) and melon seed (Citrullus vulgaris) and organoleptic attributes of their blends
September 2013
The thrust of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of processed maize, cowpea and melon; and assess the sensory attributes of their blends. The proximate, iron, zinc, tannins and phytate composition of the processed samples were assessed using standard assay methods. Blends were formulated using 14 g protein (average protein requirement for infants 0 to 3 years) basis and subjected to sensory...
Protein supplementation value of sun-dried ensiled sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) in grower pigs: Growth performance and nitrogen utilization
September 2013
24 male pigs of similar crosses and initial weight of 13.2±0.1 kg were used to determine the effect of sun-dried ensiled Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal (DETD) on their growth performance and nitrogen utilization at dietary inclusion of 10, 20 and 30%. All diets were isocaloric and contained about 19% crude protein. The animals were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments and...
Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) fruit extracts using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART)
August 2013
The antigenotoxic action of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were assessed using the eye (w/w+) somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) assay of Drosophila melanogaster. Fennel is used for various medicinal purposes. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) was used as the positive control. Fruit extracts of fennel did not show genotoxicity at the doses used. In the co-treatment, a dose-dependent decrease in mutation...
Comparisons of physiochemical, total phenol, flavanoid content and functional properties in six cultivars of aromatic rice in Bangladesh
August 2013
Various aromatic rice varieties such as Kalizira, Begun Bichi, BRRI dhan-34, BRRI dhan-37, BRRI dhan-50, Philipine Katari were analyzed for physiochemical, total phenol, flavonoid contents and functional properties. All aromatic rice varieties had moisture contents (11.25 to 15.13%), protein (3.23 to 6.21%), fat (0.68 to 1.45%) and ash (0.88 to 1.46%). The maximum amount of amylose and...
Mycoflora of fresh shrimps (Penaeus aztecus) from different markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
August 2013
Fungi were isolated from fresh brown shrimps (Penaeus aztecus) purchased from three different markets in Port Harcourt using standard mycological methods. The total counts of heterotrophic fungi range from 2.0 x 104 spore forming units per gram (sfu/g) to 7.1 x 104 sfu/g, while the total counts for pathogenic fungi range from 1.7 x 104 sfu/g to 7.1 x 104 sfu/g. The heterotrophic fungi and...
Comparative studies of physico-chemical properties of yam (Discorea rotundata), cocoyam (Collocasia taro), breadfruit (Artocapus artilis) and plantain (Musa parasidiaca) instant flours
August 2013
Cocoyam, breadfruit and plantain usage is similar to that of white yam. They offer similar and sometimes better nutrition advantage to yam though with less prestigious value. This study is aimed at producing instant flour of yam, cocoyam, breadfruit and plantain and to compare their physico-chemical properties. The instant flours were prepared separately with slight modifications. Proximate analysis, starch,...
Changes in quality attributes of mixed roselle, water melon and grape juice using Aframomum danielli as a preservative
August 2013
Roselle, water melon and grape juice are excellent sources of vitamin C. The shelf life of most fresh fruit juices stored under room temperature is very short. The use ofAframomum danielli (A. danielli) as a preservative is not known. Roselle juices processed at 1:1 and 1:2 with or without A. danielli of 15% concentration were stored for two weeks at room temperature and evaluated for chemical properties...
Microbiological quality assessment of some National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) approved fruit juices sold in Ilorin metropolis
August 2013
This study was carried out to investigate on the microbiological qualities of some NAFDAC approved fruit juices sold in Ilorin metropolis. The brand of fruit juices assessed was coded as LL, LC and LB. The total viable counts, associated microorganisms and physicochemical properties of 10 randomly selected samples from each of the brand were determined. The highest mean bacterial load of 7.8 cfu/ml was found...
Proximate composition and microbiological study of five marine fish species consumed in Gabon
August 2013
The aim of the current study was to determine proximate composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture), energy and microbiological spoilage in five fish species. The chemical analysis revealed that the protein content of Pseudotolithus typus was 19.19%,Pomadasys peroteti 16.05%, Galeoides decadactylus 17.15%, Carassius auratus20.78%...
Proteolysis of milk heated at high temperatures by native enzymes analysed by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) method
August 2013
Native enzymes play a significant role in proteolysis of milk during storage. This is significant for heat resistant native enzymes. Plasmin is one of the most heat resistant enzymes found in milk. It has been reported to survive several heat treatments, causing spoilage during storage. The aim of this study was to assess susceptibility of high temperature heated milk to proteolysis by native...
Development of nutritionally enriched instant weaning food and its safety aspects
August 2013
Malnutrition is persisting among children in Bangladesh due to lack of proper weaning foods. A highly nutritive instant weaning food was prepared in our laboratory by using locally available food resources with the aim to ensure the availability of low cost weaning food in Bangladesh. The developed food was evaluated for their nutritional characteristics and microbiological quality. The food contained the...
Nutritional qualities and trace metals concentration of six fish species from Oba reservoir, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
August 2013
The nutritional qualities and concentration of trace metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in six fishes (Hemichromis fasciatus, Siluranodon auritus, Sarotherodon galileaus, Tilapia zilli,Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, and Hepsetus odoe) obtained from Oba reservoir in Ogbomoso, Nigeria were evaluated. The value ranges of 55.95 to 68.80, 16.91 to 26.18, 5.46 to 18.18, 0.51 to 9.05, 7.67 to 10.14 and...
Physicochemical characterization of some multifloral honeys from honeybees Apis mellifera collected in the Algerian northeast
July 2013
The characterization of some Algerian northeast honey was carried out on the basis of their physico-chemical properties: moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural, diastase activity, pH, free, total and lactonic acidity, electrical conductivity, mineral and proline content. Studied samples are found to be low in moisture and therefore safe from fermentation, low in HMF level and high in diastase activity. Additionally, the...
Analysis of quality attributes of Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) drinks blended with aqueous extract of ginger and garlic
July 2013
Various types of highly valued food and medicinal products are produced from Hibiscussabdariffa in different parts of the world. In Nigeria, the calyces of this plant are processed into a refreshing non-alcoholic beverage known as zobo. In this work, zobodrink was prepared using hot water extraction method and the juice obtained was blended separately with aqueous extracts of ginger and...
Determination of heavy metals in exposed corned beef and chicken luncheon that sold in Sulaymaniah markets
July 2013
In this study, the levels of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mg and Mn) were determined in canned beef and four different chicken luncheon from Sulaymaniah markets using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Significant difference was observed in the chromium (Cr) content among the corned beef brands, while there was no-significant difference in Cr content in the all chicken luncheon trademarks....
Physicochemical analysis of desi yoghurts produced by the local community in Gilgit District
July 2013
This study was carried out in the Department of Food Technology, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. The desi yoghurt samples were collected from various narrow villages of Gilgit District. The desi yoghurt is prepared with pure cow milk by a hygienic and organic process. Results indicate that yoghurt of Oshikandas showed high moisture content and total soluble solids; whereas, Gilgit town...
Sensory evaluation and sugars contents of coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) water during nuts ripening
July 2013
Sensory characteristics of coconut water from four coconut cultivars (Cocos nucifera L.) were investigated during nuts ripening. The study was carried out on the West African Tall, the Malaysian Yellow Dwarf, the Equatorial Guinea Green Dwarf and the improved hybrid PB121. Tested parameters were tastes (sweet, salty and sour), gustatory preferences and sugars contents. Obtained results showed significant...
Assessment of some aspects of phytonutrients of cashew apple juice of domestic origin in Nigeria
June 2013
Phytochemical screening, assessment of some biochemical characteristics and antioxidants indices of juice obtained from red and yellow varieties of cashew apple of domestic origin in Western Nigeria was were done with view to gain insight to its phytonutrients and health maintenance potentials. Assessment revealed the presence of phytochemical of the therapeutic importance principally: total phenolics,...
Effect of substituting sugar with date palm pulp meal on the physicochemical, organoleptic and storage properties of bread
June 2013
The effect of substituting granulated sugar with date palm fruit pulp meal (DPFPM) in bread production was evaluated. Date palm fruit pulp was oven dried (46°C, 8 h) and milled. Granulated sugar was substituted at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% with DPFPM in bread recipe and bread produced using straight dough bulk fermentation method. Proofing ability of the dough, oven spring, bread loaf weight, volume and...
Effect of fermentation on physico-chemical, textural properties and yoghurt bacteria in mango soy fortified yoghurt
June 2013
Mango soy fortified yoghurt (MSFY) samples were prepared by using blends of 78.3% milk containing 3% fat, 14.5% soymilk containing 8.2% total solids and 7.2% mango pulp containing 18% total solids. The physico-chemical, textural properties and yoghurt bacteria counts of MSFY were analyzed at an interval of 30 min during fermentation upto 270 min. The fermentation time had a positive effect on acidity but a...
Toxicity of leaf powder of Lepidagathis alopecuroides to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles
June 2013
Oreochromis niloticus juveniles (mean body weight, 13.99±0.38 g and length, 8.32±0.93 cm) were exposed in a daily renewal bioassay to different concentrations of Lepidagathis alopecuroides (0.00, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l), for 96 h to assess its toxicity. The opercular (obf), tail beat (obf) frequencies and mortalities were monitored during the exposure period. The...
Effects of some processing factors on the characteristics of stored groundnut milk extract
June 2013
The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of processing variables on some properties of stored groundnut milk extracts (GME). GMEs were prepared from fresh, roasted (170 °C, 25 min) and steeped (water, 20 min) groundnuts. The groundnuts were milled, sieved, the slurry boiled, homogenized, pasteurized and stored. The GMEs packaged in glass bottles, plastic bottles and low density...
Thiaminase properties in the fillet and liver of Tilapia zillii from Osinmo Reservoir: A comparative study
June 2013
The thiaminase enzymes were partially purified and characterized from Tilapia zillii fillet (flesh) and liver using ammonium sulphate precipitation. The enzyme showed specific activities of 5.20 and 1.17 umol/min/mg of protein respectively for T. zillii fillet and liver. The enzymes exhibited a maximal activity at pH 5.0 and 7.0 for the liver and fillet, respectively. The Michealis...
Antioxidant capacity of extracts from hawthorn (Crataegus mexicana) skin
June 2013
The hawthorn Crataegus mexicana is a traditional Mexican fruit with properties that make this fruit useful for the treatment of many ailments, including diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract. This paper reports the antioxidant capacity of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of C. mexicana. Samples were evaluated for total...
Performance characteristics, biochemical and haematologcal profiles of broiler chickens fed synthetic and herbal methionine supplemented diets
June 2013
This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of herbal methionine (HM) to synthetic methionine (SM) in broiler chickens. The herbal methionine (Meth-o-Tasr®) was supplied by lntas Pharmaceutical Limited, India. The HM and SM were added to standard diets at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ton of finished feed and fed to 168 Arbor Acre broiler chickens. After seven days pre-experimental period, the birds were...
Effect of incorporating sweetpotato flour to wheat flour on the quality characteristics of cookies
June 2013
Textural and sensory properties of cookies were studied by supplementing various proportion of sweetpotato flour (0 - 100%) to the wheat flour. The cookie dough was subjected to rheological analysis and texture profile analysis by using TA-XT2i (SMS) in order to determine dough hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness etc. Spread factor, puncture force and fracture strength of the...
Comparison of protein values from seven wild edible plants of Iran
June 2013
Plants are one of the major sources of proteins. The plants Arum maculatum, Portulaca oleracia, Semicarpus anacardium, Carissa karandus, Cordia myxa, Solanum indicum and Chlorophytum comosum are widely available in the wild in many regions of Iran. These are consumed as fruits and vegetables. Therefore, to study the comparison of their protein values, these plants were selected...
Effect of heat-moisture-treated cassava starch and amaranth malt on the quality of sorghum-cassava-amaranth bread
May 2013
Gluten-free batter and bread was prepared from modified cassava starch, sorghum and amaranth flour. Heat-moisture treatment (80°C, 18, 24 or 30% moisture content, and 8, 16 or 24 h incubation) of cassava starch increased its crystallinity, onset pasting temperature and water absorption index; and decreased its swelling power, water solubility index and peak viscosity. Heat-moisture treated cassava starch...
Presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and traditional dairy products marketed in the north-central region of Morocco
May 2013
1Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (LASSA), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie Fès, Route d’Imouzzer B.P : 2427 - Fez, Morocco. 2Laboratoire Régional de Diagnostic Epidémiologique et d'Hygiène du Milieu, Direction Régionale de la Santé, Hôpital EL...
Contamination of cowpea and by-products by organophosphorous pesticide residues in Ngaoundere markets: Dietary risk estimation and degradation study
May 2013
The study was carried out to monitor some organophosphorous (OP) pesticide residues in stored cowpea in Ngaoundere’s markets and two by-products (koki and fritter), to assess the dietary risk exposure through quotient risk (RQ) and to degrade some pesticides using kanwa (rock salt) solution. The levels of nine OP pesticides were determined by gas chromatography equipped with nitrogen photometric...
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