Antimicrobial activity of extracts from an endemic Salvia cilicica Boiss. and Kotschy
January 2015
The antimicrobial activities of the different aerial and root extracts of Salvia cilicica were determined aiming to evaluate whether, it can be used in phytotherapy as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of roots and aerial parts of S. cilicica extracts was evaluated using micro dilution and disc diffusion methods against Gram positive and Gram negative reference standard microorganisms and...
Effects of gelatin coating glass coverslips on fungal attachment and their morphological demonstrations
January 2015
Gelatin obtained from collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, plays a crucial role in facilitating cell attachment. This study aimed to determine the effects of gelatin on fungal attachment and morphology. Samples of Aspergillus niger were grown on gelatin-coated coverslips and non-gelatin-coated coverslips, and prepared for examination under both light and scanning electron microscopes. The results show...
Inducing salinity tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase-containing Mesorhizobium strains
January 2015
Salinity stress severely affects growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). However, inoculation with Mesorhizobium strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase improves the plant growth by reducing the level of ethylene induced by salt stress. Fifty (50) Mesorhizobium isolates were obtained from nodules of chickpea plants on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium....
Microbiological assessment of traditional smoked silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus)
January 2015
Smoked fish is relished food item in many dishes in Nigeria. Traditional smoked silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) that floods the smoked fish market of the Lagos State of Nigeria are not microbiologically shelf-stable; hence, the need for a study on their microbiological quality and safety. ‘Fresh silver catfish’ (100 samples) and smoked silver catfish (100 samples) were collected from 20...
Induction of defense-related proteins and growth promotion in tomato by mixture of Trichoderma harzianum OTPB3 and Bacillus subtilis OTPB1 and Pseudomonas putida OPf1 against Phytophthora infestans
January 2015
Late blight incited by Phytophthora infestans is a destructive disease of tomato worldwide. The plant growth-promoting antagonists, which elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) and enhance plant growth, are being used as safe alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of plant diseases. In this study, a combination of Trichoderma harzianum OTPB3 and Bacillus subtilis OTPB1 and Pseudomonas putida OPf1...
Obtaining DNA from Staphylococcus aureus: A study on DNA extraction methods for food matrices without bacterial isolation
January 2015
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a tool widely used. However, for the effective use of PCR, DNA quality is necessary. Thereby, the objective of this study was to evaluate DNA extraction methods of Staphylococcus aureus, for direct application in food. Five methods were tested using reference and food strains. The methods show different characteristics with steps of thermal lysis, enzymatic lysis, detergents and...
Identification of volatile compounds, antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activity from leaves, cones and stems of Cupressus sempervirens from Algeria
January 2015
Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae) leaves, cones and young branches have been used in traditional medicine and aromatherapy. The composition of the isolates obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts (plant material collected at Bainam forest, in Northwest of Alger, Algiers), were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The leaves isolate (yield 0.22% w/w), was mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (60.8%),...
β-Lactam - β-lactamase inhibitor combinations as the choice therapy for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter
January 2015
Acinetobacter, an important nosocomial pathogen, is capable of causing infectious outbreaks in critically ill patients which results into high morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is rated among top seven pathogens that disturb the health care delivery system. The situation has become complicated due to the organism’s capability to acquire diverse resistance mechanisms. This has resulted in the emergence of...
Characterization and identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cheese (Klila) prepared from cow's milk
January 2015
Various types of fermented dairy products exist worldwide. Their nature depends on the type of milk used, pretreatment, fermentation conditions and subsequent treatment. The fermentation of milk primarily involves lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Among these, the Klila is a hard variety cheese made by using the traditional procedures in the home, without using a starter culture. The different samples of traditional cheese...
Prevalence and distribution of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among laboratory science students and laboratory staff from a single hospital in North Saudi Arabia
January 2015
Staphylococcus aureus causes morbidity and mortality in both community and hospital settings. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is being increasingly reported globally. This study aimed at finding out the prevalence and the distribution of the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) or healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) among 150 subjects. Of the 150 subjects, 125 were students of laboratory science and 25 were...
Physico-chemical surface characterization of Bacillus cereus spores isolated from an Algerian dairy plant
January 2015
Bacillus cereus is an endospore-forming bacterium frequently found in dairy products and dairy environment. In this study, the hydrophobicity and surface electrical charge of spores from fourteen (14) Bacillus cereus strains isolated from a dairy plant located in north-western Algeria (were studied using microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon (MATH) method, and zeta potential measurements, respectively. Spores of eleven (11)...
In vitro activity of propolis: Synergism in combination with antibiotics against Staphylococcus spp.
January 2015
Mastitis causes inflammation of the mammary gland and physical, chemical and bacteriological alterations in milk. The control of this disease deserves special attention within health programs of the dairy cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of a commercial product (gentamicin + amoxicillin) indicated for the...
Studies on the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters associated with composting of brewer’s spent grains using different activators
January 2015
Seven compost piles were formulated using brewer’s spent grains (BSG) as the bulk material amended with varied quantities of poultry droppings, soybean meal, cow dung and groundnut husks (activators). Composting was done through the static pile method in seven 30 × 25 cm containers. The process spanned 50 days during which temperature, pH, elemental profiles and microbial numbers were measured using standard...
Microbial degradation of 4-chloroaniline by a bacterial consortium
January 2015
In this study, we have isolated four different species from effluent contaminated soil using a mixture of aniline and 4-chloroaniline (4CA) as principal carbon sources. The four species were identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri A, Comamonas testosterone B, Pseudomonas putida C and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D. Growth studies on aniline and 4CA as single and mixed substrates demonstrated that the bacteria preferred to...
Impact of physico-chemical parameters on bacterial population in Mullaiperiyar River water-Theni district, Tamilnadu, India
January 2015
The Mullaiperiyar River is one of the most imperative South Indian rivers. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of physico-chemical factors in biological changes of Mullaiperiyar River water in Theni district. Water samples were collected from the upstream area (near the Dam - Lower camp, Kullapagoundanpatty, Karunakka muthanPatti), urban stretch area (Surlipatti, Uthamapalayam, Chinnamanur and...
Microbial control of the exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant using entomopathogenic fungi
January 2015
Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi is a promising alternative to chemical control. The entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerm.) Zare and Gams and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) were tested for their efficacy in controlling the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on...
Induction of defense response in Indian mustard against Alternaria blight through abiotic inducers
January 2015
Soaking seed overnight and foliar spray with salicylic acid, indole acetic acid, metalaxyl, dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate, hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride and ferric chloride as inducers provided induced resistance in plant against Alternaria brassicae, resulting in a decline in the disease incidence after 10 days of pathogen inoculation. The minimum disease incidence (14%) was recorded from salicylic acid...
Effect of subsurface drip fertigation on growth, yield attributes and microbial population of banana cv. Rasthali
January 2015
Field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 at All India Coordinated Research Programme Water Management block, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. There were eleven treatments replicated three times in randomized block design using banana cv. Rasthali as a test crop. In recent years, fertigation a technique of application of both water and fertilizers via an irrigation system was shown to be...
Molecular identification of bifidobacteria from infant faeces
January 2015
Bifidobacteria have been in the spotlight of scientific research due to their health promoting effects in humans. They play a significant role in controlling pH of the large intestine through liberation of lactic and acetic acid, thereby restricting the growth of many potential pathogens and putrefactive bacteria. This paper discusses the isolation and identification of bifidobacterial species from infant faeces by...
Environmental stress conditions affecting the N2 fixing Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and adaptation mechanisms
December 2014
Rhizobia are bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen in association within the root or the stem nodules of legume plants and transform atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. Biological nitrogen fixation is an important process for sustainable land management, because nitrogen is the principal crop production’s limiting factor. However, several environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, acidity/alkalinity,...
A review and future potential approach for Campylobacter control in retail poultry meats
December 2014
Campylobacteriosis is considered the most frequent zoonosis in humans, and the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat are considered the main source for human infection. Moreover, largely owing to the recent food authority ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed, it is now very important to look for new effective strategies to reduce the incidence of these bacteria in the host. Chicken...
Review on common foodborne pathogens in Ethiopia
December 2014
Foodborne pathogens are among the common causes of illness and death as well as public health problem which result in the loss of labor force both in developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization estimated that in developed countries, up to 30% of the population suffers from foodborne diseases each year, whereas in developing countries up to 70% of cases of diarrheal disease are associated with the...
Biotechnological potential of actinobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of the medicinal plant, Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
December 2014
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the production of L-asparaginase by actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant, Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br., and to conduct a comparative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract from leaves and the most active micro-organism. After isolation, the antimicrobial activity of actinobacteria from rhizosphere...
Fibrolytic enzyme production of Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7. using inexpensive carbon sources and mineral nutrients
December 2014
This study investigated the effect of inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources on enzyme production by Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7 in solid-state fermentation. Three kinds of lignocellulosic waste (corn straw, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane straw) and six nitrogen sources (urea, calcium nitrate, analytical ammonium sulphate, yeast extract, agricultural fertilizer NPK 20-05-20 and fertilizing grade ammonium...
Screening of Piper hispidum endophytic fungi that produce terpenes and antibacterial substances
December 2014
The plant species Piper hispidum has extensive economic potential due to the production of safrole, a component of its essential oil with proven antimicrobial and insecticidal activity. One strategy for obtaining bioactive compounds through extraction from plant species is by using endophytic microorganisms, since they can produce the same substances synthesized by the host. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate fungal...
Diversity of hydrolytic enzymes in haloarchaea isolated from Algerian sabkhas
December 2014
Algeria has numerous natural hypersaline environments (sabkha and chott) located in the north and south of the country. In the course of screening microorganisms form these environments, we isolated and characterized 44 haloarchaeal strains. According to their phenotypic characteristics and comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis, all the isolates belonged to the family Halobacteriaceae including members related to...
Synergistic interaction of extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and propolis against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
December 2014
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health problem, being a cause of severe diseases in hospitals and communities in general. To confront this contingency at present, the effectiveness, in combination with diverse natural products is being studied in order to inhibit this microorganism. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the combined inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts of...
Analysis of arsenic species in realgar bioleaching solution by capillary zone electrophoresis
December 2014
Realgar was bioleached by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY-3. A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed to analyze arsenic species in realgar bioleaching solution. This way can simultaneously separate arsenic compounds including arsenite (iAsIII), arsenate (iAsV), monomethylarsenic (MMAV) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAV). Borate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were selected to compose a...
Disruption of negative regulators (SP_nsdA and SP_nsdB) in Streptomyces peucetius causes doxorubicin overproduction
December 2014
Pathway-specific regulatory genes generally participate in the secondary metabolites-related biosynthesis process. The genes nsdA and nsdB were reported to have a negative effect on the production of actinorhodin, prodigiosin and calcium-dependent antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor. In this study, we searched for similar genes in the Streptomyces peucetius genome, the doxorubicin producer. Amino acid sequence...
Effect of some culture extracts of Aspergillus oryzae on dehulling properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)
December 2014
Pre-dehulling treatments with some culture extracts of Aspergillus oryzae of various incubation periods played an important role in improving the dehulling properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Yield percent of dehulled grains and dehulling efficiency increased concurrently with increase of incubation period of culture extracts. Maximum dehulled grains were achieved by 12-day old culture extract to the tune of...
Management of sugarcane smut (Ustilago scitaminea) with fungicides and bio-agents
December 2014
The efficacy of nine fungicides with different concentrations was tested against Ustilago scitaminea, using spore germination inhibition technique. Tilt and Emisan (50 µg/ml) are proved to be the most effective against the spore germination of U. scitaminea, and they completely inhibit it. These are followed Score with 100 µg/ml after 24 h of incubation. Vitavax, Dithane M-45 and Antracol (200 µg/ml)...
Detection of differentially expressed growth dependent noncoding RNAs in Sulfolobus solfataricus
December 2014
Noncoding RNA mediated gene regulation exists in all the three kingdoms of life including prokaryotes, eukaryotes and archaea. In prokaryotes, the ncRNAs typically bind to the 5’ end of the messenger RNAs to facilitate its activation or repression. The repression of gene expression in eukaryotes by ncRNAs is regulated by its binding to the 3’-untranslated region. A significant amount of information is...
Prevalence of mecA, PVL and ica genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from urinary tract infections patients
December 2014
The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients has been increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of the mecA, PVL, ica genes in a collection of MRSA urinary isolates by PCR. Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) is considered to have emerged from S. aureus through the acquisition of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec), which carries the...
Relative plant growth promoting potential of Himalayan Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas jesenii strain MP1 against native Cicer arietinum (L.)., Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper; Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. and Eleusine coracana (L.)Gaertn.
December 2014
Plant growth promoting properties of Pseudomonas jesenii strain MP1 were tested against five native crops viz. Cicer arietinum (L.) (Chickpea), Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. (Blackgram), Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek. (Greengram), Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Pigeonpea) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (Finger millet). The strain significantly (p<0.05) stimulated the growth of shoot length, root length, plant fresh weight...
Antimicrobial assay and phyto-chemical analysis of Solanum nigrum complex growing in Kenya
December 2014
Solanum nigrum complex is a group of plants used as indigenous vegetables and also a source of traditional medicine in Kenya and other parts of the world. The main objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial property and phytochemical composition of S. nigrum complex. Samples of S. nigrum complex were collected from Kenya. The plants were dried under the shade and then ground to a fine powder. Crude...
Chrome agar Candida for species level identification of isolates of Candida sp. from oral cavity
December 2014
Recently, Candida has become an important nosocomial pathogen. They are normal flora of skin, mouth, gut and vagina of healthy humans. They become opportunistic with immunocompromised and immunosuppresed individual. Since it is not possible to identify the species directly on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA), CHROM agar for candida is used for easy recognition of species by colour of the colonies. This study was...
Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Rosa damascena cv. Taifi extract
December 2014
Antimicrobial activities were evaluated from the known varied weights of rose petals (50 to 400 mg) and pollens extracts of Rosa damascena cv. Taifi in different aqueous solutions and solvents such as sterilized zamzam water, distilled water, ethanol, acetone, isoamyl alcohol and 100 millimolar (mM) Tris-HCl at pH 8.7 by using liquid nitrogen. The highest activity was recorded against ethyl...
Eradication of biofilms formed by bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections by potential antibiofilm agents alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin
December 2014
This study was performed to investigate the resistance of biofilm forming bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infection to different antibiotics and the eradicating activity of some potential antibiofilm agents alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin. Imipenem was the most active against biofilms formed by all tested strains, while tetracycline was the least active. For biofilms of Gram-positive bacteria,...
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of leaf powders and extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Ocimum basilicum L., Persea americana Miller., Psidium guajava L. and Spondias purpurea L. from Morelos, México
December 2014
Natural products from plants have great potential as novel fungicide sources for controlling pathogenic fungi. The aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the leave powders and extract (Hexane, methanol and water) of Mexican plants and to test in vitro, their efficacy as antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. All the species showed antifungal activity in the methanol...
In silico identification of 44 species and subspecies of staphylococci by restriction analysis of the gap gene polymorphism using HpyCH4V enzyme
December 2014
The aim of this study was to detect and analyze in silico species/subspecies polymorphisms in the sequences of staphylococcal gap gene using HpyCH4V restriction enzyme. We analyzed 64 deposited in the GenBank sequences of the gap gene, derived from 41 staphylococcal species and 23 staphylococcal subspecies. We also attempted to develop and describe specific RFLP profiles of the gap gene for each of the analyzed...
Immobilization of dextranase by Aspergillus penicillioides NRC 39 and its properties
December 2014
Dextranase from Aspergillus penicillioides NRC 39 was immobilized using different carriers by various techniques including physical adsorption, covalent binding, ionic binding and entrapment. Immobilization of dextranase by covalent binding using 2% glutaraldehyde on prawn shell as carrier produced a high immobilization yield 87.4%. Comparison between the free and immobilized enzyme showed that immobilized enzyme on...
Microbiological quality and safety of street vended raw meat in Jijiga town of Somali Regional State, southeast Ethiopia
November 2014
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the microbial quality and safety of street vended raw meats in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. Questionnaire was used to assess the profile of 33 street vendors. A total of 60 meat samples (30 beef and 30 goats) were collected. The pH and holding temperature were measured. Six microbial groups were counted using standard methods. The aerobic mesophilic flora was characterized....
Verification of molecular characterization of coagulase positive Staphylococcus from bovine mastitis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) mass spectrometry
November 2014
Besides Staphylococcus aureus, other coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) species such as Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus intermedius are implicated in bovine mastitis etiology. These species are often misdiagnosed as S. aureus. Also, some atypical S. aureus isolates can test negative for coagulase production and consequently be misdiagnosed as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Several currently...
The prevalence of Brucella abortus DNA in seropositive bovine sera in Bangladesh
November 2014
Prevalence of brucellosis has been widely investigated on the basis of serological test in livestock but the information on the prevalence of Brucella species is scarce in Bangladesh. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of Brucella species in cattle and buffaloes in Bangladesh. For these purpose, a total of 799 serum samples of cattle and buffaloes were collected from different districts of...
Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the rapid diagnosis of Candida parapsilosis
November 2014
The Candida parapsilosis family has emerged as a major opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. It causes multifaceted pathology in immuno-compromised and normal hosts, notably low birth weight neonates. In the present study, a novel method, known as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), was described for the rapid and specific detection of the species, using primer sets derived from the 5.8 S ribosomal RNA gene...
Races and virulence of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in some regions of Iran
November 2014
Stem rust represents the major threat to wheat production in Iran. It has been present for many years and epidemics occur in different regions on both winter and spring wheat. The objective of this study was to characterize races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici present in Khuzestan and Lorstan provinces of Iran in 2012. Using the international system of nomenclature for P. graminis f. sp. tritici, 20 races were...
The use of Artemisia tea and occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PfATPase6 gene
November 2014
The herb Artemisia annua L. was used in ancient Chinese medicine to treat malaria and fevers. In a Ugandan community (Wagagai flower farm) located at the shores of Lake Victoria in Entebbe Municipality, tea infused with dried leaves of this herb (Artemisia tea) is drank by employees. The effect of drinking Artemisia on changes (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in Plasmodium falciparum candidate resistance genes is...
Effects of flashing light-emitting diode (LED) of several colors on the growth of the microalga Isochrysis galbana
November 2014
The growth rate of Isochrysis galbana was determined under flashing light conditions (104 μmol m-2s-1 light intensity, 10 kHz frequency, and 50% of the duty cycle) of several colors. The most suitable light for the growth of I. galbana was blue (dominant wavelength: 470 nm). After six days, the cell density under blue light was 34.0 × 105 cells mL-1, and was 1.4, 1.6, 1.8,and 2.2 times higher than those under...
Improved multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Bacillus cereus group and its toxic strains in food and environmental samples
November 2014
A multiplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of Bacillus cereus group, enterotoxic and emetic strains was developed. A panel of emetic and enterotoxic reference strains, B. cereus group members and non-target strains were used for the evaluation of the assay. Verification of PCR results on pure culture and inoculated foods successfully confirmed the specificity of approach for detection of target genes for B. cereus...
Optimization of parameters for decolorization of a textile azo dye, Remazol Black B (RBB) by a newly isolated bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis BYJ1
November 2014
Bacillus thuringiensis BYJ1, a newly isolated bacterium from textile effluent contaminated soil was exploited to decolorize a textile azo dye, Remazol Black B (RBB). Various process parameters like initial RBB concentration, temperature, pH and cultural conditions on the process of dye decolorization were studied in order to determine optimum condition. Decolorization process was largely affected under aerobic process....
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