Effect of glyphosate used as a sugarcane chemical ripener in Côte d’Ivoire
August 2017
Sugarcane chemical ripening is aimed at accelerating the sucrose accumulation in the stems for harvesting when the climate conditions of crop year are hardly optimal for natural ripening. The study aims at determining the best response of sugarcane varieties to glyphosate ripening effect and the harvest delay after its application in Ferké 2 Sugar Bowl, Northern Côte d’Ivoire, in order to improve the...
GGE biplot analysis of genotypes by environment interaction on Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) in Zimbabwe
July 2017
The genotype by environment interaction (GEI) reduces the success of genotype selection and recommendations by breeders, thus slowing down the progress of plant breeding. The understanding of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) multi-locational yield trials (MLYT) enables researchers to identify locations which are efficient in distinguishing tested genotypes, which are ideal across the test-locations as well as...
The suppression of Arabidopsis succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) phenotype by using ethyl methane-sulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)
July 2017
The disruption of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) function in Arabidopsis leads to aberrant growth phenotype. In human, the SSADH malfunction leads to a condition known as γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) aciduria. It is characterized by the accumulation of GHB as well as abnormal growth. GHB aciduria is treated pharmacologically with compounds analogous to gamma-aminubutyrate (GABA). One of these compounds...
Flowers of the intertidal seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson: A new record from tropical coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific
July 2017
Flowers of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson in Tanzania are currently unreported. The present study was conducted along the coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific, Kunduchi intertidal mudflats. Transplanted cuttings from Kunduchi intertidal mudflats were successfully grown in sand-mud substrate in the growth chamber in a 12 h photoperiod (1,250 µmol photons m-2s-1) and an inductive...
Genotype × environment interactions for grain yield in rice under no drought and drought conditions
July 2017
Environments in sub-Saharan Africa fluctuate considerably across sites and seasons. This suggests the importance of assessing genotype x environment interaction (GEI) in cultivar development. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of GEI for rice grain yield and identify high yielding and stable rice genotypes. Fifty six genotypes including 45 F3 rice populations, their 10 parents and one check were...
Effect of different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica Oleraceae) at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia
July 2017
A research was conducted at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia in 2015. The objective of the study was to evaluate different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of cabbage. The experment was laidout in randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replication. Nitrogen fertilizer have no significant effect on plant height and number of outer leaves, while leaf length, leaf width, head...
Urban and peri-urban crop farming in Central Uganda: Characteristics, constraints and opportunities for household food security and income
July 2017
Urban and peri-urban farming has a potential to address challenges related to food insecurity among city and town dwellers. It provides the urban population with food, nutrition and a source of income and employment, thus reducing on poverty and food scarcity. It has the advantage of proximity to urban markets which saves on transportation costs, thereby increasing farmers’ profitability. This study was carried...
Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses
June 2017
Salt stress is one of the major problems in agricultural fields. Currently, more than 20% of irrigated agricultural lands are affected by salinity. High concentrations of sodium affects plant growth by competing with the uptake of important ions like potassium (K+), and posing osmotic stress. Some plant species developed mechanisms such as modifying cellular metabolism to minimize effects of high salt concentrations....
Phytotoxicity of extracts of Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh bioprocessed in vegetable crop sensitive to allelochemicals
June 2017
The present work is a contribution to the advancement of the scientific knowledge of vegetal species of the Amazon and training of professionals in the area of vegetal and related sciences in the use of alternative methods and techniques more coherent with the context of the socioeconomic and environmental reality of the region. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts prepared from bioprocessed remaining...
Glycosinolate changes in rapeseed varieties in advanced generations
June 2017
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in glycosinolate levels that may arise from cross pollination in the advanced generations in rapeseed. With the greenhouse conditions in addition to two different locations, this study was carried out in 3 locations with two varieties and repeated for 3 years. As a result, the changes in glycosinolate levels in the advanced generations were statistically significant....
Combining ability and heterotic orientation of mid-altitude sub-humid tropical maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits
June 2017
Information on the combining ability and heterotic pattern of elite inbred lines is essential to maximize their use in hybrid maize development. This study was conducted to determine combining ability and heterotic pattern of locally developed maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits. Seventeen inbred lines (10 female inbred lines and 7 tester inbred lines) were used to generate 70 single cross hybrids...
Nondestructive maturity assessment tools for commercially viable fruits and vegetables in Uganda
June 2017
Fruit and vegetable maturity at harvest influences transportation and storage requirements as well as market value. However, small scale farmers in Uganda lack technologies for maturity assessment leading to high pre- and post-harvest losses and low financial returns from fruit and vegetable farms. This study, therefore, assessed the development of fruits (pineapple, passion fruit, watermelon) and vegetables (cabbage,...
New records of basidiomycetous macrofugi from Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq
June 2017
This study was carried out within February to June, 2015 to 2016 on macrofungi samples collected from different localities within Iraqi Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq. This mountainous region is rich in forest trees with diverse groups of shrubs and herbs and is expected to support the growth of many macrofungal species. However, this part of Iraq is still unexplored from macrofungal point of view. In this paper seven...
Curvularia lunata as, a dominant seed-borne pathogen in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb: Its location in seed and its phytopathological effects
June 2017
Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) seeds naturally infected with Curvularia lunata showed either black discoloration (1.25 to 8.75%) or appeared dull (0.50 to 10.0%). When they were incubated, they yielded pure growth of the pathogen. During location studies, cleared whole mount preparation and component plating revealed the presence of infection restricted to the seed coat and cotyledons of asymptomatic...
Growth, symbiotic and yield response of N-fertilized and Rhizobium inoculated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
June 2017
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated pulse crops in most developing countries. However, its cultivation is globally constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture, Hawassa Southern Ethiopia to determine the effect of N fertilization and Rhizobium phaseoli...
Effects of light conditions on the growth of commercial seaweed Undaria pinnatifida
June 2017
The artificial lighting conditions which promoted growth of the gametophytes and sporophytes of brown alga Undaria pinnatifida were examined. The seaweed was subjected to continuous or intermittent white, blue, or red light. There were notable, but not significant, differences in gametophyte and sporophyte growth between continuous and intermittent (104 Hz) white light conditions. Gametophyte growth was promoted most...
Genetic variability, heritability and variance components of some yield and yield related traits in second backcross population (BC2) of cassava
June 2017
Second backcross population developed from crosses between wild relative Manihot walkarae and Manihot esculenta were evaluated using randomized complete block design at National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike in 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability, variance components of some yield, yield related traits, pest and...
Pod yield stability and adaptation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes evaluated in multi-environmental trials in Zimbabwe
May 2017
Twenty-five groundnut genotypes were evaluated to identify the types of Genotype-Environment-Interaction (GEI) for pod yield. Genotypes were evaluated under multi-environmental yield trial conducted in 2013/14 season at five environments. The objectives of the experiment were to: identify genotypes with high pod yield stability, to identify genotypes with specific/wide adaptation, identify groundnut mega environments...
Sucker multiplication in plantain using chicken manure as a substrate supplement
May 2017
This study was carried out to evaluate the response of chicken manure (CM) as a substrate supplement for sucker multiplication and its effect on varietal differences in two subgroups of plantain (Apantu, a False Horn and Apem, a French plantain), using well-developed sword suckers. The research was laid out in a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design with two substrates (chicken manure/sawdust mix and sole...
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for treating preschool children anemia in an urban setting, Douala-Cameroon
May 2017
Anemia is one of the most widespread public health problems which mainly affect preschool children. Its prevalence is 60% in Cameroon and due to poverty, many patients turn towards medicinal plants for treatment. This study was designed to compile plants used for the treatment of anemia in the Littoral Region (Douala) of Cameroon and classify them based on their use. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in December...
Fall management of fleabane based on glyphosate+2, 4-D, MSMA and glufosinate applied isolated or in tank mixture with residual herbicides
May 2017
Fleabane (Conyza spp.) has spread in no-tillage areas of Paraná State (PR), Brazil, and currently represents one of the main challenges related to weed control, particularly during off-season period. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out in Campina da Lagoa (PR) and Floresta (PR) with the aim of assessing the efficacy of herbicide treatments applied to fleabane areas during the off-season period...
Variation of leaf and fruit characteristics of Vitellaria paradoxa (shea tree) according to agronomical performance along south-north climatic gradient in Mali
May 2017
Shea trees identified for agronomical performances were compared through leaf and fruit characteristics. Seventy adult trees were selected using purposive sampling from seven sites along a south-north climatic gradient covering four agro-climatic zones. The effects of two factors (type of performance and site) on leaf and fruit parameters were investigated. Results showed significant effect of the type of the...
Response of Cyperus papyrus productivity to changes in relative humidity, temperature and photosynthetically active radiation
May 2017
Ecosystem development is related to climatic conditions. To assess the effect of seasonal changes in climate factors on papyrus ecosystem development, community biomass was estimated non-destructively and climate factors recorded in the wetland. Absolute aerial biomass and productivity were not significantly different between wet and dry seasons. Although there was significant vapour pressure deficit change over the...
Rhizobium inoculation and sulphur fertilizer improved yield, nutrients uptake and protein quality of soybean (Glysine max L.) varieties on Nitisols of Assosa area, Western Ethiopia
May 2017
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of inoculation of Rhizobium strain and sulphur fertilization on seed and straw yields, nutrients uptake and seedquality protein of two soybean (Glysine max L.) varieties. The experiment consisted of four levels of S (0, 20, 30 and 40 kgha-1), three Rhizobium strains (MAR-1495, SB-6-1-A2and TAL-379) and two soybean varieties (Belessa-95 and Wollo) combined...
Assessment of genetic diversity among released and elite Ethiopian barley genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
May 2017
Barley is a major cereal grown widely and used in several food products, beverage production and animal feed. Being the fourth most important cereal crop in the world and the fifth rank in Ethiopia, it is a cash crop and used as a source of malt by the brewery industries, as food for human and feed for animals. Genetic diversity assessment is a key component in breeding programs. High level of polymorphism,...
Utilization of wild relatives for maize (Zea mays L.) improvement
May 2017
Experimentally induced introgression and selection during domestication and maize (Zea mays L.) improvement involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling morphological and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. The plant breeder would have to extend crosses to the wild relatives to introduce novel alleles and diversify the genetic base of elite breeding...
Phytochemicals, antioxidant potentials and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of Piper guineense (Schumach & Thonn) seed
April 2017
The study involved preparation, phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant potentials of the extract of Piper guineense. This was with a view to investigating the possibility of using the plant in the treatment and management of oxidant and inflammatory related disorders. Spices are herbs that contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals which give characteristic odours, flavours and protect living systems from...
Detection of genetic diversity among some species of Anthemis L. (Asteraceae) in Saudi Arabia by using RAPD-PCR analysis
April 2017
The aim of the present study was to determine the unique molecular markers among, three species of the genus Anthemis and the construction of phylogenetic tree using the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. Genetic diversity was analyzed among 15 populations of three species of Anthemis (Anthemis melampodina, Anthemis, pseudocotula and Anthemis, bornmuelleri), collected from...
Effect of inter and intra row spacing on the yield and yield components of Onion (Allium cepaL.) at Mehoni District, Northern Ethiopia
April 2017
Onion is one of the most important high market value bulb crops cultivated commercially in most parts of the world. It is the most cultivated and high market value of vegetable crops In Tigray Northern Ethiopia. However, bulb yield of onion is limited due to improper use of plant spacing. Therefore, field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum planting spacing of Onion to maximize its productivity in 2014 and...
Genetic diversity assessment of Guzoita abyssinica using EST derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
April 2017
Niger (Guzoita abyssinica) is traditionally very important in the production of oil and as an oilseed crop in Ethiopia. The level of Niger genetic diversity is not studied at molecular level particularly with microsatellite markers which are cost effective, informative and co-dominant. In this study, contrasting samples of 65 Ethiopian Niger germplasm accessions collected from diversified eco-geographic regions were...
Studies on morphology and anatomy of Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae)
April 2017
Strychnos spinosa Lam. belongs to the family Loganiaceae. It is a small tree. The morphological and anatomical features of the leaves, stem, flower and fruit were studied. S. spinosa has a cylindrical stem with a pair of spines at irregular spaces. The leaves are opposite, decussate, petiolate with palmate venation. The petals are greenish in colour, tubular with five lobes. There are numerous white...
Effect of thermotherapy duration, virus type and cultivar interactions on elimination of potato viruses X and S in infected seed stocks
March 2017
Virus infection in potato reduces yield through seed degeneration. This can be reduced by use of virus-free seed tubers. However, novel approaches are required to ensure availability of virus-free stocks, especially in developing countries where the seed potato system are evolving. Consequently, a laboratory experiment was conducted at Kachwekano ZARDI in Uganda to evaluate and determine appropriate procedures for...
Assessment of genotype x environment interaction and pod yield evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in Zimbabwe
March 2017
Groundnut is an important component of the diet of both rural and urban populations in the Sub-Saharan Africa. The national average pod yield is 0.25 t/ha which is far less than the global average. The diverse environmental conditions of Zimbabwe make selection and release of stable groundnut genotypes a challenge, mainly due to genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Twenty-five groundnut genotypes were evaluated to...
Participatory varietal selection of intermediate altitude sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes in Western Part of Ethiopia
March 2017
Seven sorghum genotypes obtained from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center and local check collected from Assosa district were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications under farmers’ participatory selection scheme in western part of Ethiopia during 2013 main cropping season. The objectives of this experiment were to select superior intermediate sorghum varieties in the study area and...
Role of endomycorrhizae and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the acclimatization of micropropagated Stevia rebaudiana Bert. plantlets
March 2017
Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is a non-caloric sweetener plant of medicinal and commercial values. This study was performed to micropropagate Stevia and improve its ability to withstand the sudden shocks of the environmental changes during acclimatization by using endomycorrhizae and/or Pseudomonas fluorescens. In vitro establishment of Stevia was superior by culturing shoot tips and nodal segments of mature plants on...
Bridging the gap in quality and quantity of seed potatoes through farmer managed screen houses in Uganda
February 2017
Quality seed potato is a key factor in enhancing potato yields in Uganda. Available disease-free seed potato accounts for less than 5% of the whole potato seed market demand in Uganda leaving 95% as seed availability gap. This study was conducted to explore the potential of using farmer managed screen houses to alleviate the seed potato availability gap that exists in Uganda. Six screen houses of 7 m × 14 m each...
Evaluation of wheat cultivars for slow rusting resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia trticina Eriks) in Ethiopia
February 2017
Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) is the most common rust disease of wheat in wheat-producing areas of Ethiopia. The use of cultivars with durable resistance is the most economical way of controlling the disease. Field experiments were conducted at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center, Ethiopia during 2013 to 2014 main cropping seasons to reveal variability for field based slow rusting resistance to leaf rust among...
Management of Turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs] of maize (Zea mays L.) through integration of host resistance and fungicide at Bako, Western Ethiopia
January 2017
Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) (Exserohilum turcicum) is a major disease affecting maize production in western Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of maize varieties integrated with fungicides on epidemics of turcicum leaf blight; to determine the effect of turcicum leaf blight severity on yield and yield components of maize; and to assess the cost and benefit of using fungicides. The field...
Performance evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
January 2017
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae) is a crop widely distributed in all parts of the world. In Ethiopia, common bean is cultivated as a source of protein for local consumption and for export. Mostly, it grows in the warm and lowland areas of the country. The aim of this research was to identify and investigate the performance and genetic potential of P. vulgaris varieties in raya valley of southern tigray. Twelve...
Estimation of growth rate and biomass production of native savanna forage shrub species
December 2016
The growth and long-lived growth patterns observed in many Savanna shrubs may be advantageous for survival in harsh physical environment. This study was conducted to estimate the growth potential and biomass yield of Securinega virosa, Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes mucronata and Tephrosia purpurea in the northern region of Ghana. A total of 16 experimental beds of size 4 x 4 m with 1 m spacing between beds were...
Genetic diversity in lowland, midaltitude and highland African maize landraces by morphological trait evaluation
November 2016
Genetic diversity information is a resource for improvement in crop productivity and trait performance, however, there is scanty information on genetic diversity estimates in the maize landraces covering the major geographical regions of Africa. In the current study, the genetic diversity of 35 landraces originating from lowland, midaltitude and highland regions of Africa and held in the IITA Genetic Resource Center,...
Characterization of the common bean host and Pseudocercospora griseola, the causative agent of angular leaf spot disease in Tanzania
November 2016
Angular leafspot (ALS), caused by the fungus, Pseudocercospora griseola, is one of the most important disease of common bean in Tanzania. Breeding for resistance to this disease is complicated by the variable nature of the pathogen. In Tanzania, a thorough analysis of the variability of this pathogen is lacking which limits breeding for durable resistance. This work aimed at characterizing P. griseola in relation to its...
Performance of yield attributes, yield and economics of teff (Eragrostis tef) influenced by various row spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
October 2016
Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)] is the most important cereal crop of Ethiopia, occupying 31% area and 20% production of the total cereal crops. However, its productivity is almost stagnant, with a national average yield of meager 1.46 tonnes ha-1 mainly due to inadequate modern agronomic practices and technologies in the present production system. The urgent necessity for its higher production and productivity as a staple...
Useful plant species diversity in homegardens and its contribution to household food security in Hawassa city, Ethiopia
October 2016
The study was conducted on homegardens of Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of documenting useful plant species; identifying the internal and external household factors related to useful plant species diversity in and around home gardens and examining its contribution to household food security and income generation. A random sample of 120 homegardens from eight sub-cities of Hawassa city was used to collect...
Antifungal and cytotoxic activity of purified biocomponents as carvone, menthone, menthofuran and pulegone from Mentha spp.
October 2016
Medicinal plants are attractive sources in the search of bioactive compounds in the treatment of infectious diseases. Considering that the infectious agent often develops resistance to existing treatments rapidly, the searches for such compounds are a never-ending process. One such infection, caused by Candida spp. is candidiasis, which is a public health problem. Additionally, many strains have resistance to...
Genotype by environment interaction in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars in Uganda
October 2016
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important and ancient oilseed crop cultivated in hot, dry climates for its oil and protein rich seeds. On the African continent, Uganda ranks seventh in sesame production. The improvement of new genotypes with the desired yield stability and performance in different environments is an important issue in breeding programs. In order to identify high yielding and stable sesame genotypes...
Grain yield response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to intra- and inter-row spacing under irrigated condition at Gode, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
September 2016
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the most important oilseed crop in Ethiopia. In the present study, efforts were made to devise appropriate crop geometry to obtain improved yield. An irrigated field experiment was conducted from December, 2014 to March, 2015 at the experimental farm of Gode Polytechnic College, Gode, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia, in order to determine grain yield and yield components using factorial...
Monitoring the implementation of Prunus africana (Rosaceae) management plans in Cameroon: Respect of national norms
September 2016
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) Secretariat has teamed up with the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) to assist Congo basin countries in the frame of the so called “the ITTO-CITES program”, to develop non-detriment findings (NDF) on Prunus africana, a CITES listing tree species. This paper aims to assess the way the simple management plans...
Determination of planting spacing for improved yield and yield components of Dekoko (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) at Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
August 2016
Dekoko is a cool-season food legume cultivated in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. It is highly appreciated by the local people for its taste and high market value. Yields of Dekoko, however, are limited by improper planting spacing. Thus, an experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to determine the appropriate planting spacing of Dekoko that maximizes its productivity under rain fed conditions. Treatments...
Multivariate analysis of sugar yield contributing traits in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum .L), in Ethiopia
August 2016
Knowledge on performance of genotypes and interrelationships among traits is very important for sugarcane breeding programmes. The objectives of this study were to assess the phenotypic relationship among 49 sugarcane genotypes and the inter-relationships among traits considered. The cluster analysis demonstrated that the 49 sugarcane genotypes studied were clustered into nine groups and were highly different for Pol in...
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