Effects of crude extracts on some selected physiological parameters of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) infected with rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)
July 2014
Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) is a major foliar disease that reduces yield and pod quality in beans. The field trial of French beans was established at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT). Single plant extracts and combinations of Boscia angustifolia, Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Melea volkensii were used to evaluate their effect on U. appendiculatus in the field. During the growing period,...
Efficacy of leaf extracts of some medicinal plants on growth of Colletotrichum capsici butler and bisby
July 2014
Attempts were made to determine the effect of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Tridex procumbens, Clerodendron innermis, Cathranthus roseus, Ricinus communis, Citrus limon against Colletotrichum capsici. Out of these medicinal plants tested, 15% alcoholic extract of Azadirachta indica and O. sanctum was found inhibitory for the growth of Colletotrichum capsici. The results show that extracts from...
Chemical profiles as chemotaxonomic tools for Loranthaceae in Nigeria
July 2014
The Loranthaceae species are widespread throughout most regions of the world, and are used for various medicinal and ethnopharmacological purposes. However, the species vary in their pharmacological activity, sometimes in correlation with the species from same ecological region or host plant, due to variation in the chemical profiles. This has led to great emphasis on caution in identification and collection for use....
Drought stress and its intensity, the factor of strategies selection for drought tolerance in Haloxylon aphyllum
July 2014
Osmotic parameters of Haloxylon aphyllum were studied after inducing dryness. Water relations parameters with improving resistance to dryness of this species through inducing severe dryness and clarification of physiologic mechanisms of this plant in response to a low water and dryness were among the objectives of this study. For this purpose, the method of pressure chamber was employed. By this method, the...
Effect of foliar application of humic acid, zinc and bo-ron on biochemical changes related to productivity of pungent pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
June 2014
To study the effect of foliar application of humic acid at 0.05%, zinc at 0.05% and boron at 0.02% on biochemical changes related to productivity of pungent pepper cv. Bullet (Capsicum annuum L.), a pot experiment in randomized block design with three replications was conducted in the net house of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741252, West Bengal, India. In This experiment, we observed some...
Anticancer activity of n-hexane extract of Cichorium intybus on lymphoblastic leukemia cells (Jurkat cells)
June 2014
Cichorium intybus commonly known as chicory is a member of the family Compositeae. It has been known for various pharmacological activities and anticancer effects against various cell lines including breast cancer MCF-7, prostate cancer LNCaP, amelanotic melanoma C32 and renal adenocarcinoma ACHN. In the present study, aerial parts of C. intybus were collected, identified, soaked in n-hexane non polar solvent, filtered...
Salt spray as a micro-environmental factor affecting the growth of Commelina maritima L. at Lekki Beach, Nigeria
June 2014
Commelina maritima L. is a dominant perennial halophyte that is restricted to sandy beaches where it plays major ecological roles in Southern Nigeria. This study examines the response of this plant to saltwater sprays, a factor that affects the growth of coastal plants. Plants were sprayed with seawater twice per week (2/week), four times per week (4/week) or six times per week (6/week) while control was sprayed without...
A comparative study of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts in various localities of Pakistan
June 2014
The present study was conducted to analyze garlic extracts using compositional analysis and assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant properties against various microbes. It was observed that garlic consist of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids with different concentration levels. Antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, butanol...
Colchicine and duration time on survival rate and micropropagation of Dionaea muscipula Ellis
June 2014
Young leaf bases and leaf blades about 0.5 cm in height of a carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula were used as explants for determining the callus multiplication. Explants were cultured on 1/2MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA; 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l). 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest average diameter of callus about 0.55 cm after culturing for nine...
Effect of inter and intra row spacing on seed tuber yield and yield components of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Ofla Woreda, Northern Ethiopia
June 2014
Farmers in southern zone of Tigray are using different spacing below or above the national recommendation depending on the purpose of planting either for seed tuber or consumption due to lack of recommended plant spacing. This study was therefore conducted with the objective of determining the best inter and intra-row spacing for optimum tuber seed yield and quality of potato seed tuber at Ofla Wereda, Northern...
Utilization of Indian spinach (Basella Linn.) in Ondo State, Nigeria
June 2014
This paper reports on the survey carried out among consumers on the uses of Indian spinach in Ondo State, Nigeria. Well-structured questionnaires were prepared and one hundred (100) questionnaires were randomly distributed to consumers in each of the 16 local government areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Result showed that there are more female respondents (59.4 %) than the males (40.6%). This could have resulted from the...
Foliar anatomical studies of some taxa of Euphorbiaceae
June 2014
Foliar anatomical studies of fifteen taxa belonging to fifteen genera of Euphorbiaceae were done to understand the foliar structural details in unravelling taxonomical disputes if any. There is a range of characters which varies between genera and species. The presence of single, double and multiple layer of epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and other special tissues and storage organs are of taxonomic...
Germination tests of seeds of argan tree (Argania spinosa (l.) skeels) of two sources (Tindouf and Mostaganem) in the semi-arid western Algerian.
June 2014
The Argan tree (Argania spinosa) is a drought-tolerant, and forest species observed in arid and semi-arid zone in Algeria, has specific ecological characteristics and many interests (forest, field, and fruit). The natural reproduction of the tree has become difficult; we have assessed the propagation method by seedlings. In our experiments, we used two seed sources collected from Tindouf and Mostaganem. Based on...
Seed germination and abnormality of cotyledon of Peganum harmala populations in Mongolia
June 2014
The present study assessed whether seed germination of Peganum harmala L. is related to population size and whether factors that control three and four cotyledons and difference in cotyledon shape are different and whether abnormality of cotyledons is related to genetic drift. The percentage of final seed germination was highest in Dzungarian Gobian population and followed by Trans-Altai Gobian population and lowest was...
In vitro and in vivo production of polygalacturonase, polymethylgalacturonase and cellulase enzymes by Alternaria solani at different incubation periods
May 2014
The production of polygalacturonase (PG), polymethylgalacturonase (PMG) and cellulase (Cx) enzymes have been studied at different incubation period. The fruit rot pathogen of tomato Alternaria solani was cultured at 28°C on semi ripe tomato fruit broth medium for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days. Isolated pathogen A. solani has a capability of producing PG, PMG and Cx enzyme within short incubation period, that is,...
Noni: A new medicinal plant for the tropics
May 2014
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a tropical plant belonging to the family, Rubiaceae. It is a small evergreen tree or shrub growing to a height of 3 to 6 m. Fruits are multiple, oblong, 5 to 7 cm long, soft, watery with a cheesy aroma. Fruits contain more than 150 compounds having nutraceutical properties. The major compounds isolated are scopoletine, octaanoic acid, vitamin C, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, beta...
Study on the biochemical effects of barley fiber on the hypercholesterolaemic rats
May 2014
Chemical compositions and nutritive value of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) samples (barley grain and barley hull) were determined by proximate analysis. The percentage value of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, cellulose, lignin and carbohydrate in barley whole grain and hull is deliberated. Moreover, evaluation of functional properties of barley, anti-hypercholesterolaemic effect of barley hull high fiber diet is studied....
Effect of seed-borne fungi on germination and seedling vigour of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thumb)
May 2014
The effect of Mucor racemosus and Rhizopus nigricans inoculation (g and 0.1 g L-1 distilled water) and a seed dressing fungicide Seedplus® (1.25 g 0.5 kg-1 seeds) on germination and seedling vigour of watermelon (cv. Chaliston gray) was investigated. The experiment involved a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. It was confirmed that the combined inocula with higher density caused significantly...
The effect of salinity (NaCl) on germination and early seedling growth of Lathyrus sativus and Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum
May 2014
High salt level of a germination medium may induce a reduction, delay and even complete inhibition of germination due to osmotic effect and/or ion toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity due to NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of two crops, Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum and Lathyrus sativus. Seeds of these two crops were treated with NaCl induced saline germinating...
Assessment of drought stress tolerance in root and tuber crops
April 2014
Plant growth and productivity is adversely affected by environmental abiotic and biotic stresses. Drought is one of abiotic stresses that cause serious damage to plants. Therefore, understanding the extent of drought stress and assessing the mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants is very crucial to devise different coping mechanisms with the stresses. Brief discussions have been given on some of the terminologies...
Sustainability of maize-wheat cropping system by different legume intercropping and nitrogen level treatments on light distribution, soil temperature and crop productivity
April 2014
Agriculture designs for cropping system with legume intercropping for increased resource use efficiency, profitability, productivity and reduced adverse environmental impact are urgently required. A three-year field experiment consisting of six cropping treatments applied during both seasons was conducted during 2008-2009 to 2010-2011 to study the effect of nitrogen and legume intercropping with maize for sustainability...
Release of cowpea line IT99K-494-6 for yield and resistance to the parasitic weed, Alectra vogelii Benth. in Malawi
April 2014
Field trials were conducted between 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons to evaluate four new cowpea lines, selected in preliminary studies, for yield, adaptation and resistance to the parasitic weed Alectra vogelii in Malawi. The design was randomised complete block design with 4 replicates at research stations and 5 at on-farm sites. For on-farm, villages were the sites and each farmer hosted one replicate. The trial sites...
Extraction, characterization and application of natural dyes from selected plants in Uganda for dyeing of cotton fabrics
April 2014
Cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from the crude bark extracts of Albizia coriaria, Morinda lucida, Syzygium cordatum and Vitellaria paradoxa dye-yielding plants collected in 2004 from Mukono and Mbale districts of Uganda. Natural dyes are becoming very important in industry for their less toxic tendencies as compared to synthetic dyes. They are friendly to the environment and hence their increasing...
Effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya cv. ‘Red lady’
April 2014
This study was carried out to explore the effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carrica papaya). The research was conducted at the model nursery of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirohi during two successive seasons from July to August 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. This research was arranged in a complete randomized design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. The...
Camel urine, a potent tool for plant protection
April 2014
Cross-tolerance is the phenomenon by which a plant resistance to stress results in resistance to another form of stress. Such intriguing links has made the author to suggest that foliar camel urine (CU) application depending on its amazing constituents may mimic elicitor actions and prime tissues to pathogens in normally susceptible host plants. This study was conducted to assess anatomical and biochemical pathogenesis...
King tuber mushroom: Bioconversion of fluted pumpkin, sawdust and paper
March 2014
Pleurotus tuber-regium (Rumph. Ex Fr.) Singer (King tuber mushroom) was cultivated on sawdust; mixture of sawdust and waste paper and mixture of Telfairia occidentalis Hook.F. (Fluted pumpkin) stem and waste paper in order to examine growth of the mushroom on the test substrates. The spawn of the mushroom was used to inoculate the substrates. Mycelia ramification and sclerotia production were monitored on the substrates...
Groundnut rosette disease symptoms types distribution and management of the disease in Uganda
March 2014
Groundnut rosette disease (GRD), caused by a complex of three agents: groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus, groundnut rosette umbravirus, and the associated satellite RNA, is a major groundnut disease in Uganda. Two main symptom types, chlorotic rosette and green rosette occur. A nationwide survey covering 23 districts was done in 2012 and 2013 to ascertain the predominant GRD symptom types, GRD incidences and...
Cloning and expression of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene from peel of mango (Mangifera indica Linn)
March 2014
Fruit coloring is a major source of anthocyanin and carotenoid in mango. The anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is a key enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. The ANS gene was cloned from mango peel by homologous cloning method. This manuscript reported characterization of ANS from mango peel that comprised 1,262 bp full-length cDNA with open reading frame (ORF) of 1,056 bp and encoding a protein of 351 amino acids. The...
Skip-row planting of maize and sorghum in semi-arid Ethiopia
March 2014
Soil water deficits during grain fill constrain crop production in semi-arid areas of Ethiopia. Skip-row planting is a means of saving soil water for grain fill while tie-ridging can improve soil water availability throughout the season by reducing runoff. The hypotheses were that where rainfall ceases before or during early grain fill 1) maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) yield can be...
In vitro potential antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants, Cirsium arvense and Cirsium japonicum
February 2014
Antimicrobial activities of Cirsium species (Cirsium arvense and cirsium japonicum) was evaluated against six bacterial species, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical strain/PIMS), Enterobacter (clinical strain/PIMS), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, clinical strain/PIMS) and six...
Influence of boron on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
February 2014
A laboratory experiment was conducted at Department of Plant Science, Ambo University, Ethiopia, to study the effect of boron availability on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Danda’a). Seeds were sown in petri dishes with varying concentrations of boron (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/L) at room temperature (24 ± 2°C) in complete randomized design (CRD) with...
Seasonal variation of air, soil and leaf surface fungi of broad bean and cellulolytic ability in Upper Egypt
February 2014
Seventy-five species and 3 species varieties belonging to 21 fungal genera were collected from air, soil and leaf surface of broad bean plant on dicholran chloramphenicol malt extract agar (DCMA) and dichloran Rosebengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) at 28°C. The results obtained from leaf surface (phyllosphere and phylloplane), soil and atmosphere were basically similar in the two types of media and the most common...
Effect of ethephon and planting density on lodged plant percentage and crop yield in maize (Zea mays L.)
February 2014
Increasing maize production is vital in many developing countries. One way of increasing production is through adoption of high planting densities. However, high planting densities are associated with intra-specific competition between plants for resources like nutrients, water and sunlight, as a result weak stalks develops which are susceptible to lodging. The challenge of lodging in high planting densities can be...
New technique for adventitious rooting and clonal propagation of Piper longum L. (pippali) through leaf cuttings
February 2014
A simple but unique protocol was developed for root production and clonal propagation of Piper longum L. (pippali), an important medicinal plant of India. Roots and shoots were induced in apical and basal petiolar halves of leaf using auxins. Average root number, root length and survival of rooted leaf cuttings were not significantly affected by type of auxin and leaf cuttings. Highest number of roots (13.40), root...
Comparative effects of NPK fertilizer, cowpea pod husk and some tree crops wastes on soil, leaf chemical properties and growth performance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
February 2014
A nursery experiment was carried out in Akure (rain forest zone), south-western Nigeria to study relative effect(s) of some organic wastes as fertilizers on growth performance, soil and leaf chemical composition of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in the nursery. The experiment comprised of five treatments: Cowpea Pod Husk (CPH) (2.5 t/ha), cocoa pod husk ash (CPHA) (2.5 t/ha), kola pod husk (KPH) (2.5 t/ha),...
Seasonal availability and palatability of native flora of Santh Saroola Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
February 2014
The purpose of this study was to document the palatable indigenous flora of Santh Saroola Kotli Sattian, Rawalpindi. A total of 169 plant species belonging to 126 genera and 56 families have been identified during 2009-2010. Of them, 106 species are noted as highly palatable with the percentage of 62.72%, followed by moderately palatable plants (37 species; 21.89%), whereas, only small proportion was found as are less...
A preliminary approach to halo sensitivity of sorghum cultivars
January 2014
Effect of five salt concentrations viz, 0, 130, 160, 190, 220 and 250 mM on germination and seedling growth of sorghum cultivars (Asian, Indian, Mycho and Summer graze) was evaluated under laboratory condition. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences for germination percentage, plumule and radicle growth, fresh and dry weight for different salt concentrations except moisture contents. Inter...
Phytochemical studies on the extract and essential oils of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon)
January 2014
Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) is a species of flowering plant within the family Asteraceae, commonly used as a dietary seasoning. During the present study, the plant was collected from Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines (IIIM Srinagar). Air dried shoots (room temperature 25-35°C) were used to extract essential oil using Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and analyzed. Thirty-four (34) compounds were...
Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana
January 2014
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a small size multipurpose tree of approximately 5 to 10 m in height which is cultivated all over the world. The study was conducted in the Guinea Savanna and the semi-deciduous forest zones of Ghana in December 2011 to compare the nutrient levels of MO leaves from the two agro-ecological zones. Leaf samples were collected from three randomly selected districts in each ecological zone for...
Survival, growth and biomass production of Moringa oleifera provenances at Gairo inland plateau and Ruvu Coastal Region in Tanzania
January 2014
Survival, growth and biomass production was studied among 14 Moringa oleifera provenances at Gairo inland plateau-Morogoro, and Ruvu Coastal Region in Tanzania employing randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth assessment was done at six months intervals while biomass assessment was only done at 30 months. During final assessment, untransformed survival at Gairo site ranged from 65.33% for...
Traditional knowledge on plant resources of Ashezai and Salarzai Valleys, District Buner, Pakistan
January 2014
An ethnobotanical study was done in the Ashezai and Salarzai Valleys, District Buner, Pakistan. A total of 163 plant species belonging to 73 families were reported with the help of standardized questionnaires for their traditional, medicinal and economic uses. Out of these, 62 families were dicots; 8 monocots and two pteridophytes. Gymnosperms were represented by one family. Asteraceae had 16 spp. which was followed by...
Hepatoprotective and hepatocurative properties of alcoholic extract of Carthamus oxyacantha seeds
January 2014
Carthamus oxyacantha commonly known as “Poli” or “Peeli kandiary” belongs to family Asteraceae/Compositae. Protective and curative effects of alcoholic extract of C. oxyacantha seeds were investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage in rats (Sprague Dawley Strain). Hepatic damage was induced by injecting a single intraperitoneal dose of 4 ml (50%v/v) CCl4 in olive oil....
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): Processing, nutritional and functional aspects
January 2014
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) being an annual herb is most commonly used for seasoning purpose. Its plant seeds, leaves and roots are edible, although they have very distinct flavors and uses. The herb has a light and fresh flavor. Coriander can be used as whole plant and can be processed because of its perishable nature of leaves and to increase the palatability of ripe fruits (seeds) before using it as flavoring...
Properties, users’ assessment and applicability of nine types of taxonomic keys in diagnosing some Nigerian species of Ocimum L., Hyptis Jacq. and Ficus L.
January 2014
Nine types of taxonomic keys have been listed from the literature. These are the dichotomous, numerical, multi-access table of identification, punched-card, columnar-diagram, graphical, flow-chart, pictorial-diagram and circular-diagram keys. In this study, each type of key was observed at two levels namely, its format (which is its peculiarity, depicting the general plan, arrangement or organization of its elements)...
Variability, heritability and genetic advance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
January 2014
The analysis of variance study indicated the presence of significant difference among all the traits in Gossypium hirsutum accessions. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded by seed index, plant height, lint index and boll weight. Genotypic co-efficient of variation had a similar trend as PCV. High heritability along with high genetic advance was...
Effect of salt stress on osmolyte accumulation in two groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) with contrasting salt tolerance
December 2013
The effects of salt stress on the level of osmolyte accumulation in two different cultivars (K-134 and JL-24) of groundnut seedlings were studied. Seeds were grown at different concentrations of NaCl stress: 50, 100 and 150 mM and their respective controls (0.0% NaCl) for nine days. Salt stress resulted in a significant modification in the level of osmolyte accumulation in the two cultivars of groundnut. The...
The effects of pH and growing medium type on the susceptibility of Moringa oleifera to fungal diseases during seedling emergence
December 2013
Moringa oleifera seed germinates poorly and most seedlings die during early establishment. To solve this problem, the effects of pH and growing medium type on the susceptibility of M. oleifera to fungal diseases during seed emergence and early seedling establishment were evaluated in a 3 x 6 factorial experiment arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications in a greenhouse experiment. Six...
Knowledge on cassava disease management: The case of cassava brown streak disease awareness in Northern Uganda
December 2013
The cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has spread rapidly in Northern Uganda since its emergence in Uganda in 2005. Field surveys conducted in 2010 and 2011 by Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Ngetta ZARDI) revealed high CBSD prevalence in the zone. CBSD epidemic has severely affected livelihood of smallholder farmers in the region. Lack of knowledge on disease recognition and management...
Effect of intra-row spacing on yield and quality of some onion varieties (Allium cepa L.) at Aksum, Northern Ethiopia
December 2013
Lack of improved varieties and production practices have been the major bottlenecks of onion production and productivity in Tigray, particularly at Aksum area. There have been no recommended intra-row spacing and variety for that area specifically; rather farmers used to practice non-uniform plant spacing. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of intra-row spacing, variety and their...
Species composition, diversity and distribution in a disturbed Takamanda Rainforest, South West, Cameroon
December 2013
This study assessed the diversity and distribution of trees and shrubs in a 16 ha disturbed plot in the Takamanda Rainforest. Linear transects (8) were laid in the field which radiated from the centre of the plot. The girth of the trees and shrubs were measured and species identified. A total of 99 species (72 trees and 27 shrubs) belonging to 87 genera and 34 families were recorded. Caesalpinaceae was the most...
Page 8 of 17, showing 50 records out of 804 total, starting on record 351, ending on 400
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