Nitrogen release dynamics of Erythrina abyssinica and Erythrina brucei litters as influenced by their biochemical composition
December 2018
Litter mineralization is a crucial process in providing nutrients through decomposition to plants, which also depends in the biochemical composition of the litter and soil properties as well. Decomposition rate of Erythrina abyssinica and Erythrina brucei in Luvisol was investigated in relation to their nutrient release dynamics such as NH4+-N and NO3--N in relation to their initial concentrations of lignin, acid...
Effect of genotype and environment on grain quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) lines evaluated in Kenya
December 2018
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has a great potential for use as food and beverage in developing countries. However, information regarding the effect of the agro-ecological environments on the grain quality attributes of selected sorghum lines desirable for malting and brewing and for baking in Kenya, is lacking. The experiments of this study were conducted at different environmental locations in Kisumu, Siaya and Busia...
Review on effect of population density and tuber size on yield components and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
December 2018
Population density and seed tuber is an important agronomic management practices in the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, potato farmers in Ethiopia often use random population density and tuber sizes, which contribute to the low yield of the crop. Thus the objective of this study is to review effect of population density and tuber size on yield components and yield of potato. The result of this...
Assessment of the allelopathic effects of seeds and seedlings of rotational crops and ryegrass
November 2018
Allelopathic effects were evaluated for a series of rotational crops, namely barley, canola, wheat, lupine, medic, lucerne (alfalfa) and ryegrass in laboratory studies. This followed on a field assessment of these crops to identify inter-species phytotoxic effects. Two different experiments to determine phytotoxicity effects of seed and seedling leachates were conducted under controlled conditions. The first experiment...
Genotypic response to weeding regimes of upland rice on woodland savannah sub-ecological area of Lake Albert crescent zone of Uganda
November 2018
Weeds represent one of the major biological constraints to upland rice production in low input agricultural systems. The effects of weeding regimes and rice cultivars on weed growth and rice yield were investigated over three seasons. Four weeding regimes [0 (no weeding control), 1, 2, and 3] and three popular rice varieties (NARIC 2, a local cultivar, and NERICA 4), were tested in 4x3 factorial experiment in a...
Effect of brewery effluent on the anatomical and morphological structure of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) Willd
November 2018
The study was carried out to determine effect of brewery effluent on the anatomical and morphological characters of Talinum triangulare. Seeds from matured T. triangulare were germinated and transplanted into plastic containers. The seeds were irrigated with 10, 20, 30 and 40% effluent concentrations respectively. A control experiment irrigated with normal water was also set aside. Data were collected on weekly basis...
Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) advance uniform lines using multivariate analysis
November 2018
Principal component analysis is a multivariate statistical technique used to observe the variance and to assess the relative influence of various traits for aggregate variability. In this study, ten advance uniform rice lines were grown for two consecutive years and morphometric data on eight yield and yield related attributes were collected. The principle component analysis was performed on the means of two...
Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties at Bule, Southern Ethiopia
November 2018
This experiment was aimed to evaluate the performance of potato varieties in respect to growth, yield and quality attributes. A field experiment was carried out in Bule, Southern Ethiopia during the summer of 2017 under rain fed condition. The experiment was a single factor and arranged with randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Treatments included different potato varieties (Bule, Gudenie, Jalenie,...
Survey of Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays) in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western part of Oromia, Ethiopia
October 2018
Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) (TLB) is a major disease affecting maize (Zea mays) in western Ethiopia. This study was designed to: assess the incidence and severity of TLB in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western Oromia, map the geographical distribution of the TLB disease in the study area, and evaluate the reaction of maize varieties under production to TLB. From...
Effect of native mycorrhizal fungi inoculants on the growth and phosphorus uptake of tree legumes: Erythryna brucei and Millettia ferruginea
October 2018
The inoculation study was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) concentrations on growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of multipurpose tree legumes Erythrina brucei and Millettia ferruginea. Plant growth parameters (shoot length, dry weight) and P uptake increased significantly after inoculations with AM fungi, Rhizophagus clarus, Rhizophagus intraradices and the...
Agronomic performance of pro vitamin a cassava varieties in three locations in Nigeria
October 2018
In an early yellow root cassava study in 2003 to 2004, we investigated agronomic performance of pro Vitamin A (yellow fleshed) cassava genotypes in three locations in Nigeria (Ibadan, Mokwa, and Onne). Twenty-two clones and three checks were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Characteristics showing significant differences among genotypes across all locations included...
Characterization of markers linked to resistance motifs against maize lethal necrosis in Tanzanian maize germplasm
October 2018
Among the biological constraints facing maize production in Tanzania is a severe occurrence of maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN) raising an urgent need for application of new approaches. A pool of 22 maize genotypes with promising resistance and susceptibility to MLN infection were evaluated by Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting analysis to detect genetic variation in the selected lines....
Genotype and genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability of medium maturity groups of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] varieties in Western Oromia, Ethiopia
September 2018
The objectives of this study were to identify high yielding and stable medium maturity soybean varieties across environment and examine the influence of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on grain yield of soybean varieties in western Oromia. Seven early soybean varieties were evaluated at five locations (Bako, Gute, Billo, Chewaka and Uke) using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three...
Effects of seedling age and rates of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) under irrigation at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
September 2018
Onion is an important cultivated crop as a condiment as well as a source of income for many farmers in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is much lower due to different problems. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of seedling age and phosphorus rate on growth and yield performance of onion at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, during 2016/2017 season. The treatments comprised...
Physiological characterization of NADP-malic enzyme activity under 2,4-D toxicity in an aquatic fern, Azolla pinnata R.Br.
September 2018
This work proposes NADP-ME activity as bio-indices for herbicidal sensitivity in Azolla pinnata R.Br. under 2,4-D toxicity. Azolla fronds were illuminated under saturated photosynthetic flux and bicarbonate induction. There was significant variation in the NADP-ME activity under light and dark conditions. This increased more when varying concentrations of 2,4-D were used for the up regulation of enzyme activity...
Integrated management of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin production in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through application of farm yard manure and seed treatments with fungicides and Trichoderma species
September 2018
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash crop in the lowland areas of Ethiopia. However, prevalence of Aspergillus invasions and subsequent aflatoxin contamination compromises the quality of groundnut kernels. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and seed treatments against Aspergillus species pod colonization and aflatoxin accumulation under field conditions. The...
Study on suitability of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, southwestern Ethiopia
August 2018
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above the ground on soil. The nutritional value of mushrooms is greater than one may think. Generally, it is a nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. The aim of this study was to access the suitability of available agro wastes of some lignocelluloses materials containing five different types of main substrates namely, sawdust...
Protocol optimization for in vitro propagation of two Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties through lateral bud culture
August 2018
Potato is a versatile vegetable that is eaten all around the year. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Gudene and Belete popular varieties in Ethiopia from lateral bud explants. For shoot induction and multiplication, lateral bud explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration levels of PGRS. Rooting was done on the same media type...
Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties to rates of blended NPS fertilizer in Adola district, Southern Ethiopia
August 2018
Common bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems. Hence, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of blended NPS rates on growth, yield and...
Evaluation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties for yield and reaction to chocolate spot disease at Chencha, Southern Ethiopia
August 2018
Field experiment was conducted at Chencha Woreda with the objective of evaluating faba bean varieties for better yield and chocolate spot disease resistance during 2015 main cropping season. Ten improved faba bean varieties and two local controls were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Field performances of varieties were evaluated for grain yield and yield parameters on...
Comparative study of yield performance and nutrient composition of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius, cultivated on different substrates
August 2018
Sawdust from four types of woods (Milicia excelsa, Gmelina arborea, Afzelia africana and Khaya senegalensis) was used for cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Growth and yield of fruiting bodies were monitored and biological efficiency (BE) determined. Proximate composition of fruiting bodies was determined; total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract from the mushrooms were...
Effect of substrate media on growth, yield and nutritional composition of domestically grown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
July 2018
The effect of substrate (medium) on growth, yield and nutritional composition of domestically-grown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was investigated. Six different substrates namely sawdust only (SDO), sawdust + corn waste + CaCO3 (SDW), sawdust + rice bran + CaCO3 (SDR), sawdust + banana leaves (SBL), sawdust + cassava peel (SDC) and cassava peel only (CPO) were used. The substrates were pasteurized with...
Attenuation effect of plant canopy sizes on microclimate in urban greenspaces within Nairobi City, Kenya
July 2018
Diversity of plant species could have a different influence on urban microclimate and thermal comfort. However, the magnitude of different plant species to ameliorate urban microclimate by cooling the urban microclimate and improving thermal comfort based on their allometric properties at any particular time of the day is unknown for urban environments. This paper presents the result of a study conducted in Kenya to...
Biological effect of gamma irradiation on vegetative propagation of Coffea arabica L
June 2018
Coffee is the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries, and supports the livelihood of more than 75 million people. There are limitations to preference for established cultivars due to the autogamous nature of the crop thereby making improvements via conventional breeding of many years to produce a new cultivar difficult. Mutation breeding can overcome these obstacles. One of the first steps in...
Comparative effects of newly introduced and adopted chemical N and P fertilizers on wheat growth, yield and yield components
May 2018
Soil fertility decline is one of the prime factors contributing to low productivity of crops and food insecurity in Ethiopia. To alleviate this problem and achieve maximum yield, identifying suitable agronomic inputs such as N and P types in wheat production systems is very important. The aim of this study was therefore, to estimate the effects of different N and P fertilizer types and rates on growth, yield and yield...
Response of onion (Allium cepa l.) to deficit irrigation under different furrow irrigation water management techniques in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
May 2018
Scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Under this condition, the need to use the available water economically and efficiently is unquestionable. Based on the actual crop need, irrigation management has to be improved so that the water supply to the crop can be reduced while still achieving high yield. A field experiment was carried out at Mehoni...
Evaluation of chemical, botanical and cultural management options of termite in Tanqua Abergelle district, Ethiopia
May 2018
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of botanical, chemical and cultural methods on the management of termite in seedling beds of hot pepper in Tanqua Abergelle district of Sheka Tekli during 2015-2016. The experiment comprised of treatments including Neem Leaf extract, wood ash, Dursban and control and each treatment was applied at 40 kg ha-1, 10000 kg ha-1, and 0.5 L ha-1 respectively. The experiment was...
Morphological characteristics of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Ghana
April 2018
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important economic tree crop grown in home gardens and farms all over Ghana. Although there are some studies on diverse aspects of the crop in several parts of the world, not much has been documented about its morphology in Ghana. This study was therefore conducted to describe the morphology of avocado in the Ashanti and Central Regions of Ghana. Using the avocado descriptor as a...
Comparative study on the effect of bio-slurry and inorganic N-fertilizer on growth and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L.)
April 2018
Kale is one of the nutritious leafy vegetables with a high nitrogen fertilizer requirement. However, soil fertility is declining progressively due to the imbalanced use of inorganic fertilizer. Discharging bio-slurry as waste will lead to environmental pollution and disposing will also lead to costs because of its large volume. Consequently, replacing chemical fertilizers with bio-slurry can not only achieve efficient...
Current outlook and future promise of ethnobotany in Nigeria: A review and personal observation
April 2018
This paper reviews the current state and future prospects of ethnobotany in Nigeria. A brief historical background is presented. Books and journals indexed by Scopus and Science Direct were reviewed. Direct search was also made on the official websites of journals specializing in ethnobotany and allied disciplines. The field of ethnobotany manifests in all facets of human activities and relates to cultural and...
Upland rice response to fertilizer in three agro-ecological zones of Uganda
March 2018
The yield of upland rice (Oryza spp.) per unit area of production in Uganda is low, partly due to low soil fertility, and use of fertilizer and manure is also low. Trials to establish the response of upland rice to applied nutrients and economically optimal nutrient rates (EOR) were determined at Tororo, Kawanda and Kadesok. The increase in paddy yield was in the range of 91 to 173% with application of 50 to 120 kg N...
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for quantitative traits of seed yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at Maichew, Northern Ethiopia
March 2018
Twelve chickpea genotypes were tested to assess variability, heritability, correlations and direct and indirect effects between yield and yield components. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for number of seeds per plant (33.8, 32.4), number of secondary branches per plant (30.3, 29.6), number of pods per plant (25.6, 24.7) and 100 seed weight (23.0, 22.7) respectively . High...
Heterosis and combining ability analysis of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines adapted to mid-altitude sub-humid agro-ecology of Ethiopia
March 2018
Generation of information on heterosis and combining abilities of newly developed maize inbred lines is necessary for a successful hybrid and synthetic maize varieties development. Accordingly, this study was conducted to estimate the combining ability of QPM inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits and to determine the magnitudes of standard heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits in line...
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on duration of senescense, harvest time and yield in some varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
March 2018
The effects of liquid nitrogen fertilizer (150% N) and benzyl amino purine (BAP 200 ppm) on senescence, yield and nutrients mobilization in two cowpea varieties were investigated in the rainy and dry seasons. The study was conducted in a screen house at the University of Lagos, Nigeria (6°27ʺ1, 3°45ʺ E). The duration of the study was between August 2012 and January 2013. The experimental design used was...
Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) diseases in major faba bean growing districts of North Gondar
February 2018
Field survey was done in North Gondar during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons with the objective of, assessing the importance of faba bean diseases. Disease severity varied across and within districts. Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae), gall-forming (Olpidium viciae), rust (Uromyces fabae) and aschochyta blight (Aschochyta fabae) were the most dominate and frequently occurring diseases of faba bean. The highest...
Farm yield evaluation and demonstration of Melkashola tomato variety in central zone of Tigray Region, Ethiopia
February 2018
Low production and productivity of tomato in the study area is due to limited use of agricultural inputs, particularly improved seeds and fertilizers. The practice of tomato seed production in central zone of Tigray is almost negligible. The demand for vegetable seed is increasing from time to time. Though vegetable seed production is difficult, there are attempts and efforts to produce them at local level....
Two Peziza taxa (Peziza proteana f. proteana (Boud.) Seaver and Peziza proteana f. sparassoides (Boud.) Korf) new to Iraq and bordering countries
February 2018
The present study reports two Peziza taxa (Pezizaceae/Ascomycota) collected from Al-Alam province in Salahadine Governorate, North Central Iraq, namely, Peziza proteana f. proteana and P. proteana f. sparassoides. Both taxa are reported for the first time from Iraq and for the second time from Asia (including countries bordering Iraq). These two forms of P. proteana are very similar microscopically but deviate...
Enhancing sorghum productivity through demonstration of integrated striga management technologies and its partial budget analysis in Tanqua-Abergelle District, Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
January 2018
This study investigates integrated striga management (ISM) technologies for enhancement of sorghum productivity and reduction of striga infestation using demonstration conducted in 2016/2017 production season in Tanqua-Abergele district in one of the striga prone areas at ‘Imba-Rufeal’ kebele. The results implied that there was a highly significant difference among application of ISM technologies and...
Phytochemical analyses and comparative in vitro antioxidant studies of aqueous, methanol and ethanol stem bark extracts of Simarouba glauca DC. (Paradise tree)
January 2018
This study was conducted to evaluate selected phytochemicals (antioxidant potentials of aqueous, methanol and ethanol stem bark extracts of Simarouba glauca) relative to standard antioxidants. Sample was harvested, air dried, pulverized and extracted with aqueous and absolute methanol and ethanol; freeze dried at the National Energy Commission Centre, University of Benin. Alkaloids, phenols and tannins were identified,...
Evaluation of varietal responses for growth, yield and yield components of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two districts at Bench- Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
January 2018
Variety trials with haricot bean have long been studied; varietal response for maximum yielding ability, however, depends on agro-ecological conditions of a particular growing environment. Therefore, the current study evaluates the performance of varieties on growth, yield and yield components of Haricot bean at two locations of Bench-Maji Zone. The treatment consists of eight nationally released varieties and one local...
Evaluation of Tanzanian maize germplasms for identification of resistant genotypes against maize lethal necrosis
December 2017
Experiments were conducted in season 2014B at Naivasha maize lethal necrosis screening facility to evaluate Tanzanian maize germplasms for resistance to maize lethal necrosis (MLN). One hundred and fifty-two maize landraces and 33 inbreed lines were artificially inoculated with maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus isolates in two trials arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and two...
Various macro and micro-morphological features of two species of Cakile
December 2017
The morphology and anatomy of Cakile maritima subsp. aegyptiaca and Cakile arabica are organized in this work to invent the different characters between the two studied species. The species were collected fresh from Mersa-Matruh in Egypt and Dammam city in Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The main characteristic to distinguish between the different Cakile species is the morphology of the fruit, C. maritima was...
Potential of cassava starch from TME 419 as suitable gelling agent in micropropagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
December 2017
Cassava starch from nine varieties, namely, NR 8082, TMS 97/2205, TMS 97/0162, TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0505, TMS 92/0326, TMS 30572, TMS 82/0058, and TME 419 were evaluated for their suitability as gelling substitute to conventional gelling agents (gellan gum and agar) in medium using cassava shoot tips and nodal segments as explants. Explants were seeded singly into a 15 ml cassava multiplication medium gelled either in...
Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. extract and screening for antifungal activity against peanut pathogens
November 2017
Chemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among the 11 compounds found, catechin, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), delphinidin-3-glucoside, isoquercetin (hyperoside) and quercitrin (quercetine3,7-O-L-dirhanmopyranoside) were identified as the major phenolics components in this aqueous plant extract. To elute the...
Correlation between seed characteristics and biomass production of Moringa oleifera provenances grown in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
November 2017
The correlation between seed size and biomass production of Moringa oleifera, was conducted in a field experiment at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2014. The experiment included eleven M. oleifera provenances from West Africa according to four agro-ecological characteristics (Sahelian, Sub Equatorial, South Sudanian and North Sudanian). Differences among provenances seed traits, leaf morphology, and dry mass (DM) were...
Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana
October 2017
Cassava is an important food crop in small-holder farming systems in Ghana. Due to the limited use of organic and inorganic inputs, soil fertility becomes a major problem in cassava production systems. A study was conducted at the Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, in the Forest Agro-ecological zone and the Wenchi Agricultural Station in the Forest-Savannah Transitional zone. The fertilizer rates were 0:0:0, 15:15:15 and...
In vitro protocol optimization for micropropagation of elite Lemmon verbena (Aloysia triphylla)
October 2017
The family Verbenaceae includes 36 genera and 1035 species. Among them lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) is known to have high medicinal value. Therefore, development of fast and new in vitro micropropagation protocol will have a high importance in lemon verbena mass-propagation. This research study targeted to develop rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol for lemon verbena. Up to 88% of clean survived plantlets were...
The qualitative and quantitative impact of copper and zinc applications on winter wheat cultivation
September 2017
The impacts of copper and zinc compounds were tested on winter wheat crop grown in calcareous chernozem soil in Hungary, Regöly, Tolna County, during the planting seasons of 2011 and 2013. This work aims to discover the effects of different doses of copper and zinc on wheat yield (t.ha-1), in terms of gluten content (%), “Zeleny” number or sedimentation index and raw protein content (m%). Further,...
Assessment of the modes of pollen dispersal of Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Vernonia calvoana Hook
September 2017
The study of pollen dispersal and mode of fertilization of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana is a prerequisite to the understanding of genetic diversity and elaboration of improvement programs for the Vernonia genus. In this study, precise experimental designs were made for morphological and biological observations on Vernonia species capitulum in order to assess the distinctive effects of each of the...
Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya
August 2017
Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the...
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